Mapapu otayika (pneumothorax)

Mapapu omwe agwa amachitika pamene mpweya umatuluka m'mapapu. Mpweyawo umadzaza malo kunja kwa mapapo, pakati pa mapapo ndi khoma la chifuwa. Mpweya wochulukawu umapangitsa kupanikizika kwa mapapo, kotero kuti sikungakule mochuluka momwe kumakhalira mukamapuma.

Dzina lachipatala la vutoli ndi pneumothorax.

Mapapu omwe atha amatha kuyambika chifukwa chovulala m'mapapu. Zovulala zitha kuphatikizira kuwomberedwa ndi mfuti kapena mpeni pachifuwa, kuthyoka nthiti, kapena njira zina zamankhwala.

Nthawi zina, mapapo omwe agwa amayamba chifukwa chamatuza am'mlengalenga omwe amatseguka, ndikutumiza mpweya m'malo ozungulira mapapo. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya monga kusambira pamadzi kapena kuyenda patali kwambiri.

Wamtali, wowonda komanso wosuta amakhala pachiwopsezo cha mapapo omwe agwa.

Matenda am'mapapo amathanso kuwonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi mapapo omwe agwa. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Mphumu
• Matenda osokoneza bongo (COPD)
• Cystic fibrosis
• Matenda a chifuwa chachikulu
• Kutsokomola

Nthawi zina, mapapo omwe agwa amapezeka popanda chifukwa. Izi zimatchedwa kuti mapapo omwe anagwa modzidzimutsa.

Zizindikiro zodziwika za mapapo omwe agwa ndi awa:

• Kupweteka pachifuwa kapena paphewa, kumakulitsidwa ndi mpweya wabwino kapena chifuwa
• Kupuma pang'ono
• Mphuno yamphongo (kuchokera kupuma pang'ono)

Pneumothorax yayikulu imayambitsa zizindikilo zowopsa, kuphatikiza:

• Mtundu wabuluu wakhungu chifukwa chosowa mpweya
• Kukhazikika pachifuwa
• Kupepuka mopepuka komanso pafupi kukomoka
• Kutopa kosavuta
• Kupuma kachilendo kapena kuwonjezeka kwa kupuma
• Kuthamanga kwa mtima mwachangu
• Kusokonezeka ndi kugwa

Wopereka chithandizo kumamvera kupuma kwanu ndi stethoscope. Ngati muli ndi mapapo omwe agwa, pali mpweya wocheperako kapena kupuma sikumveka mbali yomwe yakhudzidwa. Muthanso kukhala ndi kuthamanga magazi.

Mayeso omwe atha kulamulidwa ndi awa:

• X-ray pachifuwa
• Mitsempha yamagazi yamagazi ndi mayeso ena amwazi
• CT scan ngati kuvulala kwina kapena mikhalidwe ina ikukayikiridwa
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Pneumothorax yaying'ono imatha kupita yokha pakapita nthawi. Mutha kungofunika chithandizo cha oxygen ndi kupumula.

Wothandizirayo atha kugwiritsa ntchito singano kuloleza mpweya kutuluka m'mapapu kuti utukuke bwino. Mutha kuloledwa kupita kunyumba ngati mumakhala pafupi ndi chipatala.

Ngati muli ndi pneumothorax yayikulu, chubu pachifuwa chidzaikidwa pakati pa nthitiyo mlengalenga mozungulira mapapu kuti muthane ndi mpweya ndikulola kuti mapapo akule. Thumba la chifuwa limatha kutsalira masiku angapo ndipo mwina mungafunike kukhala mchipatala. Ngati chubu chaching'ono kapena chifuwa chogwiritsira ntchito, mutha kupita kwanu. Muyenera kubwerera kuchipatala kukachotsa chubu kapena valavu.

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi mapapo omwe agwa amafunikira mpweya wowonjezera.

Kuchita opaleshoni yamapapo kumafunikira kuti muthane ndi mapapo omwe agwa kapena kupewa magawo amtsogolo. Dera lomwe kutayikira kudachitika lingakonzedwe. Nthawi zina, mankhwala apadera amayikidwa m'dera la mapapo omwe agwa. Mankhwalawa amayambitsa chilonda. Njirayi imatchedwa pleurodesis.

Ngati muli ndi mapapo omwe agwa, mutha kukhala ndi ina mtsogolo ngati:

• Ndi wamtali komanso wowonda
• Pitilizani kusuta
• Tidakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri zam'mapapo zomwe zidagwa m'mbuyomu

Zomwe mumachita mutakhala ndi mapapo omwe agwa zimadalira chomwe chidayambitsa.

Zovuta zitha kukhala izi:

• Mphuno ina inagwa mtsogolomo
• Kusokonezeka, ngati pali kuvulala koopsa kapena matenda, kutupa kwakukulu, kapena madzi am'mapapo amayamba

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati muli ndi zizindikilo za mapapo omwe agwa, makamaka ngati mudakhalapo kale.

Palibe njira yodziwika yopewera mapapo omwe agwa. Kutsatira njira yoyenera kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha pneumothorax mukasambira pamadzi. Mutha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu posasuta.

Mpweya mozungulira mapapo; Mpweya kunja kwa mapapo; Pneumothorax adagwa m'mapapo; Pneumothorax yokhazikika

• Mapapo
• Kuphulika kwa aortic - x-ray pachifuwa
• Pneumothorax - chifuwa x-ray
• Dongosolo kupuma
• Kuyika chubu pachifuwa - mndandanda
• Pneumothorax - mndandanda

Wolemba Byyny RL, Shockley LW. Kusambira pamadzi ndi dysbarism. Mu: Makoma RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 135.

Kuwala RW, Lee YCG. Pneumothorax, chylothorax, hemothorax, ndi fibrothorax. Mu: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, olemba. Murray ndi Nadel's Bookbook of Respiratory Medicine. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 81.

Raja AS. Zoopsa Thoracic. Mu: Makoma RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 38.