Matenda am'mapapo amkati

Matenda am'mapapo am'mapapo (ILD) ndi gulu lamavuto am'mapapo momwe m'mapapo mwake mumatupa kenako nkuwonongeka.

Mapapu ali ndi thumba tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatulutsa mpweya (alveoli), ndipamene mpweya umalowa. Masaka ampweya awa amakula ndi mpweya uliwonse.

Minofu yozungulira matumba amlengalenga amatchedwa interstitium. Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda am'mapapo amkati, minyewa imeneyi imakhala yolimba kapena yamabala, ndipo matumba am'mlengalenga sangathe kukulirakulira. Zotsatira zake, si mpweya wambiri womwe ungafikire thupi.

ILD imatha kuchitika popanda chifukwa chodziwika. Izi zimatchedwa idiopathic ILD. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) ndi matenda ofala kwambiri amtunduwu.

Palinso zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa ILD, kuphatikizapo:

• Matenda osokoneza bongo (momwe chitetezo chamthupi chimagwirira thupi) monga lupus, nyamakazi, sarcoidosis, ndi scleroderma.
• Kutupa m'mapapo chifukwa chopumira zinthu zakunja monga mitundu ina ya fumbi, bowa, kapena nkhungu (hypersensitivity pneumonitis).
• Mankhwala (monga nitrofurantoin, sulfonamides, bleomycin, amiodarone, methotrexate, golide, infliximab, etanercept, ndi mankhwala ena a chemotherapy).
• Chithandizo cha ma radiation pachifuwa.
• Kugwira ntchito pafupi ndi asibesitosi, fumbi la malasha, fumbi la thonje, ndi fumbi la silika (lotchedwa matenda am'mapapo).

Kusuta ndudu kumawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga mitundu ina ya ILD ndipo kumatha kuyambitsa matendawa kwambiri.

Kupuma pang'ono ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha ILD. Mutha kupuma mwachangu kapena muyenera kupuma kwambiri:

• Poyamba, kupuma movutikira sikungakhale kovuta ndipo kumangowonekera ndikulimbitsa thupi, kukwera masitepe, ndi zochitika zina.
• Popita nthawi, zimatha kuchitika ndi zovuta zochepa monga kusamba kapena kuvala, ndipo matendawa akamakulirakulirabe, ngakhale ndi kudya kapena kuyankhula.

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vutoli amakhalanso ndi chifuwa chowuma. Chifuwa chowuma chimatanthauza kuti simukutsokomola nthenda iliyonse kapena sputum.

Popita nthawi, kuchepa thupi, kutopa, ndi kupweteka kwa minofu ndi molumikizana kumakhalaponso.

Anthu omwe ali ndi ILD otsogola atha kukhala ndi:

• Kukulitsa modabwitsa komanso kukhazikika kwa zikhadabo (zokutira).
• Mtundu wabuluu wa milomo, khungu, kapena zikhadabo chifukwa chakuchepa kwama oxygen (cyanosis).
• Zizindikiro za matenda ena monga nyamakazi kapena zovuta kumeza (scleroderma), yokhudzana ndi ILD.

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzayesa. Phokoso louma, lolira limamveka mukamamvetsera pachifuwa ndi stethoscope.

Mayesero otsatirawa akhoza kuchitika:

• Kuyezetsa magazi kuti muwone ngati matenda aliwonse
• Bronchoscopy yokhala kapena yopanda biopsy
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Kuwona kwa chifuwa chachikulu kwa CT (HRCT)
• Chifuwa cha MRI
• Zojambulajambula
• Tsegulani mapapu
• Kuyeza kwa mpweya wamagazi wopumula kapena mukamagwira ntchito
• Mpweya wamagazi
• Mayeso a ntchito yamapapo
• Kuyesa kuyenda kwamphindi zisanu ndi chimodzi (fufuzani kutalika komwe mungayende mumphindi 6 komanso kangati pomwe muyenera kuyima kuti mupume)

Anthu omwe amadziwika bwino ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda am'mapapo kuntchito nthawi zambiri amawunika matenda am'mapapo. Ntchitozi ndi monga migodi yamalasha, kuphulitsa mchenga, ndikugwira ntchito m'sitima.

Chithandizo chimadalira chifukwa komanso matenda. Mankhwala omwe amaletsa chitetezo cha mthupi ndikuchepetsa kutupa m'mapapu amaperekedwa ngati matenda omwe amadzichotsera okha akuyambitsa vutoli.Kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi IPF, pirfenidone ndi nintedanib ndi mankhwala awiri omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchepetsa matendawa. Ngati palibe mankhwala enieni a vutoli, cholinga chake ndikupangitsa kuti mukhale omasuka ndikuthandizira mapapu kugwira ntchito:

• Mukasuta, funsani omwe akukuthandizani za momwe mungaleke kusuta.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi mpweya wochepa wamagazi amalandira mankhwala a oxygen kunyumba kwawo. Wothandizira kupuma angakuthandizeni kukhazikitsa mpweya. Mabanja akuyenera kuphunzira kusungitsa mpweya wabwino komanso chitetezo.

Kubwezeretsa mapapu kumatha kukuthandizani, ndikuthandizani kuphunzira:

• Njira zosiyanasiyana zopumira
• Momwe mungakhazikitsire nyumba yanu kuti isunge mphamvu
• Momwe mungadye zopatsa mphamvu zokwanira ndi michere
• Momwe mungakhalire achangu komanso olimba

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi ILD apamwamba angafunike kumuika m'mapapo.

Mutha kuchepetsa nkhawa zamankhwala ndikulowa nawo gulu lothandizira. Kugawana ndi ena omwe akumana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo kungakuthandizeni kuti musamve nokha.

Mwayi wochira kapena ILD ukukula kumadalira chifukwa chake komanso momwe matendawa analiri ovuta pomwe adapezeka koyamba.

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi ILD amakhala ndi vuto la mtima komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mitsempha yamagazi m'mapapu awo.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis imakhala ndi malingaliro olakwika.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati:

• Kupuma kwanu kukukulira, kuthamanga, kapena kutsika kuposa kale
• Simungathe kupuma bwino, kapena muyenera kudalira patsogolo mukakhala
• Mukumva mutu pafupipafupi
• Mumamva kugona kapena kusokonezeka
• Muli ndi malungo
• Mukutsokomola mamina akuda
• Zala zanu kapena khungu lozungulira zikhadabo zanu ndi labuluu

Zovuta matenda am'mapapo; Alveolitis; Idiopathic pulmonary pneumonitis (IPP)

• Momwe mungapume mukakhala ndi mpweya wochepa
• Matenda am'mapapo - akulu - amatulutsa
• Kuteteza kwa oxygen
• Kuyenda ndi mavuto apuma
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya kunyumba

• Kalabu
• Ogwira ntchito amakala amoto pneumoconiosis - gawo II
• Ogwira ntchito amakala amoto pneumoconiosis - gawo II
• Ogwira ntchito malasha pneumoconiosis, ovuta
• Dongosolo kupuma

Corte TJ, Du Bois RM, Wells AU (Adasankhidwa) Matenda othandizira. Mu: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, olemba. Murray ndi Nadel's Bookbook of Respiratory Medicine. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 65.

Raghu G, Martinez FJ. Matenda am'mapapo amkati. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 86.

Ryu JH, Selman M, Colby TV, King TE. Chibayo cha Idiopathic chibayo. Mu: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, olemba. Murray ndi Nadel's Bookbook of Respiratory Medicine. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 63.