Matenda ovuta m'mapiri

Matenda oopsa a m'mapiri ndi matenda omwe angakhudze okwera mapiri, okwera mapiri, okwera ski, kapena apaulendo okwera kwambiri, nthawi zambiri pamwamba pamamita 2400.

Matenda oopsa am'mapiri amayamba chifukwa chotsika kwa mpweya komanso mpweya wocheperako.

Mukakwera mwachangu kwambiri, ndipamenenso mumadwala matenda akaphiri.

Njira yabwino yopewera matenda okwera ndikumakwera pang'onopang'ono. Ndibwino kukhala masiku angapo ndikukwera ku 9850 mapazi (3000). Pamwamba pa mfundoyi kukwera pang'onopang'ono kuti kukwera komwe mukugonako sikupitilira kuposa 990 mapazi mpaka 1640 mapazi (300m mpaka 500m) usiku.

Muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chodwala mapiri ngati:

• Mumakhala pafupi kapena pafupi ndi nyanja ndipo mumapita kumtunda wapamwamba.
• Munakhalapo ndi matendawa m'mbuyomu.
• Mumakwera mwachangu.
• Simunazolowere kutalika.
• Mowa kapena zinthu zina zasokoneza kuzolowera.
• Muli ndi mavuto azachipatala okhudza mtima, dongosolo lamanjenje, kapena mapapo.

Zizindikiro zanu zimadaliranso kuthamanga kwa kukwera kwanu komanso momwe mumadzikakamizira. Zizindikiro zimayambira pofatsa mpaka pangozi. Zitha kukhudza dongosolo lamanjenje, mapapo, minofu, ndi mtima.

Nthaŵi zambiri, zizindikiro zimakhala zochepa. Zizindikiro za kudwala kwamapiri pang'ono pang'ono kungaphatikizepo:

• Kuvuta kugona
• Chizungulire kapena mutu wopepuka
• Kutopa
• Mutu
• Kutaya njala
• Nseru kapena kusanza
• Kutentha mwachangu (kugunda kwa mtima)
• Kupuma pang'ono ndi kuyesetsa

Zizindikiro zomwe zimatha kuchitika ndikumadwala kwamapiri kwambiri ndi monga:

• Mtundu wabuluu pakhungu (cyanosis)
• Kukhwima pachifuwa kapena kuchulukana
• Kusokonezeka
• Tsokomola
• Kutsokomola magazi
• Kuchepetsa kuzindikira kapena kusiya kucheza
• Wofiirira kapena wotumbululuka
• Kulephera kuyenda mu mzere wowongoka, kapena kuyenda konse
• Kupuma pang'ono panthawi yopuma

Wopereka zaumoyo amakupimitsani ndikumvera pachifuwa chanu ndi stethoscope. Izi zitha kuwulula phokoso lotchedwa mapokoso. Rales atha kukhala chizindikiro chamadzimadzi m'mapapu.

Mayeso omwe angachitike ndi awa:

• Kuyesa magazi
• Kujambula kwa Brain CT
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Kuzindikira msanga ndikofunikira. Matenda oopsa a m'mapiri savuta kuchiza kumayambiriro.

Chithandizo chachikulu cha mitundu yonse yamatenda am'mapiri ndikutsika (kutsika) kutsika kwambiri mofulumira komanso motetezeka momwe zingathere. Simuyenera kupitiliza kukwera mukakhala ndi zizindikilo.

Mpweya wowonjezera uyenera kuperekedwa, ngati alipo.

Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu lamapiri atha kulowetsedwa kuchipatala.

Mankhwala otchedwa acetazolamide (Diamox) atha kuperekedwa kuti akuthandizeni kupuma bwino. Itha kuthandiza kuchepetsa zizindikilo. Mankhwalawa amatha kukupangitsani kukodza pafupipafupi. Onetsetsani kuti mumamwa madzi ambiri ndikupewa kumwa mowa mukamamwa mankhwalawa. Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito bwino mukamamwa musanafike pamwamba kwambiri.

Ngati muli ndimadzimadzi m'mapapu anu (edema yamapapu), chithandizo chitha kuphatikizira:

• Mpweya
• Mankhwala a kuthamanga kwa magazi otchedwa nifedipine
• Beta agonist inhalers kuti atsegule mayendedwe apansi
• Makina opumira pamavuto akulu
• Mankhwala owonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mapapu otchedwa phosphodiesterase inhibitor (monga sildenafil)

Dexamethasone (Decadron) itha kuthandizira kuchepetsa zizolowezi zamatenda akuthwa ndi kutupa muubongo (ubongo edema).

Zipinda zonyamula ma hyperbaric zimalola anthu oyenda kutsanzira kutengera zochitika m'malo otsika osasunthira komwe amakhala paphiripo. Zipangizozi ndizothandiza kwambiri ngati nyengo yoipa kapena zinthu zina zimapangitsa kukwera phirilo kukhala kosatheka.

Nthawi zambiri amakhala ofatsa. Zizindikiro zimakula msanga mukakwera phirili mpaka kutsika.

Milandu yayikulu imatha kubweretsa imfa chifukwa cha mavuto am'mapapo (pulmonary edema) kapena kutupa kwa ubongo (ubongo edema).

M'madera akutali, anthu sangathenso kuthawa mwadzidzidzi, kapena chithandizo chingachedwe. Izi zitha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoipa.

Maganizo amatengera kuchuluka kwa kutsika kamodzi zizindikiro zikayamba. Anthu ena amakonda kudwala chifukwa chokwera ndipo mwina sangayankhe.

Zovuta zingaphatikizepo:

• Coma (kusayankha)
• Zamadzimadzi m'mapapu (pulmonary edema)
• Kutupa kwa ubongo (ubongo edema), komwe kumatha kubweretsa kukomoka, kusintha kwamaganizidwe, kapena kuwonongeka kwaminyewa kwamitsempha
• Imfa

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zodwala kwambiri m'mapiri, ngakhale mutakhala bwino mutabwerera kumtunda.

Imbani 911 kapena nambala yanu yadzidzidzi ngati inu kapena wina wokwera muli ndi izi:

• Kusintha kwa chidwi
• Kutsokomola magazi
• Mavuto akulu kupuma

Kwerani phirilo nthawi yomweyo komanso motetezeka momwe mungathere.

Njira zopewera matenda achilengedwe kumapiri ndi awa:

• Kwerani phirili pang'onopang'ono. Kukwera pang'onopang'ono ndikofunikira kwambiri popewa matenda oopsa am'mapiri.
• Imani kwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri ampumulo pakukwera mamitala 600 pamtunda wokwera mamita 2400.
• Gonani pamalo okwera kwambiri ngati zingatheke.
• Onetsetsani kuti mutha kutha msanga ngati pakufunika kutero.
• Phunzirani momwe mungazindikire zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda am'mapiri.

Ngati mukuyenda pamwamba pa 9840 mita (3000 mita), muyenera kunyamula mpweya wokwanira masiku angapo.

Ngati mukufuna kukwera mwachangu, kapena kukwera pamwamba, funsani omwe akukuthandizani za mankhwala omwe angakuthandizeni.

Ngati muli pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi magazi ochepa ofiira (kuchepa magazi), funsani omwe akukuthandizani ngati ulendo wanu wokonzekera uli bwino. Komanso funsani ngati chitsulo chowonjezera chachitsulo ndichabwino kwa inu. Kuchepa kwa magazi kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'magazi anu. Izi zimakupangitsani kuti mukhale ndi matenda akumapiri.

Mukakwera:

• Osamwa mowa
• Imwani madzi ambiri
• Idyani chakudya chokhazikika chomwe chili ndi chakudya chambiri

Muyenera kupewa kutalika ngati muli ndi matenda amtima kapena am'mapapo.

Mkulu okwera ubongo edema; Kutalika anoxia; Matenda; Matenda akumapiri; Mkulu okwera m'mapapo mwanga edema

• Dongosolo kupuma

Basnyat B, Paterson RD. Mankhwala oyendayenda. Mu: Auerbach PS, Cushing TA, Harris NS, eds. Mankhwala A m'chipululu cha Auerbach. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 79.

Harris NS. Mankhwala okwera kwambiri. Mu: Makoma RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 136.

Luks AM, Hackett PH. Kutalika kwambiri komanso matenda omwe alipo kale. Mu: Auerbach PS, Cushing TA, Harris NS, eds. Mankhwala A m'chipululu cha Auerbach. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 3.

Luks AM, Schoene RB, Swenson ER. Kutalika kwambiri. Mu: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, olemba. Murray ndi Nadel's Bookbook of Respiratory Medicine. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 77.