Mphumu

Mphumu ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe amachititsa kuti mapapo ayende ndikutupa. Zimayambitsa kupuma movutikira monga kupuma, kupuma movutikira, kukhwima pachifuwa, ndi kutsokomola.

Mphumu imayambitsidwa ndi kutupa (kutupa) munjira zampweya. Pakachitika matenda a mphumu, olowa munjira ya mlengalenga amatupa ndipo minofu yoyandikana ndi mayendedwe ake imalimba. Izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe ungadutse poyenda.

Zizindikiro za mphumu zimatha kuyambika chifukwa cha kupuma zinthu zotchedwa ma allergen kapena zoyambitsa, kapena zifukwa zina.

Zomwe zimayambitsa mphumu ndi izi:

• Nyama (tsitsi lanyama kapena dander)
• Fumbi nthata
• Mankhwala ena (aspirin ndi ma NSAIDS ena)
• Kusintha kwa nyengo (nthawi zambiri kuzizira)
• Mankhwala mlengalenga kapena chakudya
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi
• Nkhungu
• Mungu
• Matenda opuma, monga chimfine
• Kutengeka kwamphamvu (kupsinjika)
• Utsi wa fodya

Zinthu m'malo ena ogwirira ntchito zimayambitsanso zizindikiro za mphumu, zomwe zimabweretsa mphumu kuntchito. Zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri ndi fumbi la nkhuni, fumbi lambewu, nyama zophulika, bowa, kapena mankhwala.

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi mphumu amakhala ndi zovuta zawo kapena banja lawo, monga hay fever (matupi awo sagwirizana ndi rhinitis) kapena chikanga. Ena alibe mbiri ya chifuwa.

Zizindikiro za mphumu zimasiyana malinga ndi munthu. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kukhala ndi zizindikilo nthawi zonse kapena makamaka mukamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi mphumu amakhala ndi ziwopsezo zolekanitsidwa ndi nthawi zopanda zizindikiro. Anthu ena amakhala ndi mpweya wotalika kwakanthawi ndi magawo owonjezera mpweya. Kupuma kapena chifuwa kungakhale chizindikiro chachikulu.

Kuukira kwa mphumu kumatha kukhala kwa mphindi mpaka masiku. Matenda a mphumu amatha kuyamba mwadzidzidzi kapena kukula pang'onopang'ono kwa maola angapo kapena masiku. Kungakhale koopsa ngati mpweya watsekedwa kwambiri.

Zizindikiro za mphumu ndi izi:

• Cough with or without sputum (phlegm) kupanga
• Kukoka khungu pakati pa nthiti popuma (intercostal retriers)
• Kupuma pang'ono komwe kumakulirakulira ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena zochita
• Kulira mluzu kapena kupumira pamene mukupuma
• Zowawa kapena zolimba pachifuwa
• Kuvuta kugona
• Njira yopuma modzidzimutsa (kupuma kunja kumatenga nthawi yopitilira kawiri kupumira kupuma)
  

Zizindikiro zadzidzidzi zomwe zimafunikira thandizo mwachangu ndizo:

• Mtundu wabuluu kumilomo ndi nkhope
• Kuchepetsa chidwi, monga kugona tulo kapena kusokonezeka, panthawi ya mphumu
• Kupuma kovuta kwambiri
• Kutentha mwachangu
• Kuda nkhawa kwakukulu chifukwa cha kupuma pang'ono
• Kutuluka thukuta
• Kulankhula kovuta
• Kupuma kumasiya kwakanthawi

Wothandizira zaumoyo amagwiritsa ntchito stethoscope kuti amvetsere mapapu anu. Kupuma kapena mawu ena okhudzana ndi mphumu amatha kumveka. Woperekayo atenga mbiri yanu yazachipatala ndikufunsani za zomwe mukudwala.

Mayeso omwe atha kulamulidwa ndi awa:

• Kuyezetsa magazi - kuyesa khungu kapena kuyezetsa magazi kuti awone ngati munthu yemwe ali ndi mphumu sagwirizana ndi zinthu zina
• Mpweya wamagazi wamagazi - nthawi zambiri umachitika mwa anthu omwe akudwala mphumu yoopsa
• X-ray pachifuwa - kuchotsa zina
• Kuyesa kwa mapapo, kuphatikiza kuyeza kwakukulu

Zolinga zamankhwala ndi:

• Sungani kutupa kwa mayendedwe
• Chepetsani kuwonekera pazinthu zomwe zingayambitse matenda anu
• Kukuthandizani kuti muzitha kuchita zinthu zachilendo popanda kukhala ndi zizindikiro za mphumu

Inu ndi omwe mumapereka muyenera kugwira ntchito limodzi kuti muchepetse matenda anu a mphumu. Tsatirani malangizo a omwe akukuthandizani pakumwa mankhwala, kuchotsa zomwe zimayambitsa mphumu, ndikuwunika zizindikiro.

MANKHWALA A PTSOGOLO

Pali mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala ochizira mphumu:

• Sungani mankhwala kuti muteteze kuukira
• Mankhwala opulumutsa msanga (opulumutsa) oti mugwiritse ntchito munthawi ya ziwopsezo

MANKHWALA OTHALITSA KWAMBIRI

Izi zimatchedwanso kukonza kapena kuwongolera mankhwala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa zizindikiritso mwa anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu yochepa. Muyenera kupita nawo tsiku lililonse kuti agwire ntchito. Atengereni ngakhale mutakhala bwino.

Mankhwala ena a nthawi yayitali amapumira (opumira), monga ma steroids ndi agonists omwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali. Ena amatengedwa pakamwa (pakamwa). Wopezayo amakupatsirani mankhwala oyenera.

MANKHWALA OTHANDIZA DZIWANI IZI

Izi zimatchedwanso mankhwala opulumutsa. Amatengedwa:

• Pofuna kutsokomola, kupuma, kupuma movutikira, kapena panthawi ya mphumu
• Tisanayambe kulimbitsa thupi kuti tithandizire kupewa zizindikiro za mphumu

Uzani wothandizira wanu ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandizira mwachangu kawiri pamlungu kapena kupitilira apo. Ngati ndi choncho, mphumu yanu singakhale ikuyang'aniridwa. Wothandizira anu akhoza kusintha mlingo kapena mankhwala anu a tsiku ndi tsiku a mphumu.

Mankhwala othandizira mwachangu ndi awa:

• Bronchodilator yakanthawi kochepa
• Oral corticosteroids chifukwa cha mphumu yoopsa

Kuwopsa kwa mphumu kumafuna kukayezetsa kwa dokotala. Mwinanso mungafunike kukhala kuchipatala. Kumeneko, mudzapatsidwa oxygen, thandizo la kupuma, ndi mankhwala operekedwa kudzera mumtsempha (IV).

ASIMMA AMASAMALIRA PANYUMBA

Mutha kuchitapo kanthu kuti muchepetse kuthekera kwa mphumu:

• Dziwani zizindikiro za mphumu zomwe muyenera kuziwona.
• Dziwani momwe mungatengere kuwerenga kwanu kwapamwamba komanso tanthauzo lake.
• Dziwani zomwe zimayambitsa mphumu yanu komanso zomwe muyenera kuchita zikachitika.
• Dziwani momwe mungasamalire mphumu yanu musanachite masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso mukamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Ndondomeko yantchito ya mphumu ndizolemba zolembedwa kuti zithetse mphumu. Ndondomeko yothandizira mphumu iyenera kuphatikizapo:

• Malangizo akumwa mankhwala a mphumu mkhalidwe wanu ukhazikika
• Mndandanda wazomwe zimayambitsa mphumu ndi momwe mungapewere
• Momwe mungazindikire kuti mphumu yanu ikuipiraipira, komanso nthawi yoti muyimbire omwe akukuthandizani

Meter flow flow ndi chida chosavuta kudziwa momwe mungatulutsire mpweya m'mapapu anu mwachangu.

• Ikhoza kukuthandizani kuwona ngati kuukira kukubwera, nthawi zina ngakhale zizindikiro zisanachitike. Miyeso yoyenda bwino ikuthandizani kukudziwitsani nthawi yomwe muyenera kumwa mankhwala kapena zina.
• Kutsika kwakukulu kwa 50% mpaka 80% yazotsatira zanu zabwino kwambiri ndizizindikiro za mphumu yochepa. Manambala pansipa 50% ndi chizindikiro cha kuukira kwakukulu.

Palibe mankhwala a mphumu, ngakhale zizindikilo zina zimasintha pakapita nthawi. Ndikudzisamalira moyenera komanso chithandizo chamankhwala, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi mphumu amatha kukhala moyo wabwino.

Zovuta za mphumu zitha kukhala zazikulu, ndipo zingaphatikizepo:

• Imfa
• Kuchepetsa mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi ndikuchita nawo zina
• Kusagona tulo chifukwa cha zizindikiro za nthawi yausiku
• Kusintha kwamuyaya pantchito yamapapu
• Chifuwa chosalekeza
• Kuvuta kupuma komwe kumafuna kupuma (othandizira mpweya)

Lumikizanani ndi omwe amakupatsani mwayi kuti mupite kukakumana nawo ngati matenda a mphumu ayamba.

Lumikizanani ndi omwe akukuthandizani nthawi yomweyo ngati:

• Matenda a mphumu amafunikira mankhwala ambiri kuposa momwe akuvomerezera
• Zizindikiro zimaipiraipira kapena sizikusintha ndi mankhwala
• Mumakhala ndi mpweya wochepa polankhula
• Kuyeza kwanu kwakukulu ndi 50% mpaka 80% mwazabwino zanu

Pitani kuchipinda chadzidzidzi pomwe izi zikuwonekera:

• Kusinza kapena kusokonezeka
• Kupuma kochepa pakapuma
• Kukula kwakukulu kochepera kwa 50% mwazabwino zanu
• Kupweteka kwambiri pachifuwa
• Mtundu wabuluu kumilomo ndi nkhope
• Kupuma kovuta kwambiri
• Kutentha mwachangu
• Kuda nkhawa kwakukulu chifukwa cha kupuma pang'ono

Mutha kuchepetsa zizindikilo za mphumu popewa zoyambitsa ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhumudwitsa mayendedwe apansi.

• Phimbani ndi zokutetezani kuti muchepetse kuchepa kwa nthata.
• Chotsani makalapeti m'zipinda zogona ndikutsuka pafupipafupi.
• Gwiritsani ntchito zokhazokha zosatsuka komanso zopukutira m'nyumba.
• Sungani chinyezi chotsika ndikukonzekera kutuluka kuti muchepetse kukula kwa zinthu monga nkhungu.
• Onetsetsani kuti nyumbayo ndi yaukhondo komanso muzisunga chakudya m'mitsuko ndi m'zipinda zogona. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa mphemvu. Ziwalo za thupi ndi ndowe zochokera ku mphemvu zimatha kuyambitsa mphumu mwa anthu ena.
• Ngati wina ali ndi matupi awo sagwirizana ndi nyama yomwe singachotsedwe pakhomopo, nyamayo iyenera kukhala kunja kwa chipinda chogona. Ikani zosefera pamalo ogulitsira otenthetsera / mpweya m'nyumba mwanu kuti mutchere zinyama. Sinthani zosefera muma ng'anjo ndi zowongolera mpweya nthawi zambiri.
• Chotsani utsi wa fodya panyumba. Ichi ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe banja lingachite kuti muthandize munthu yemwe ali ndi mphumu. Kusuta kunja kwa nyumba sikokwanira. Achibale ndi alendo omwe amasuta panja amanyamula zotsalira za utsi mkati mwa zovala ndi tsitsi lawo. Izi zimatha kuyambitsa zizindikiro za mphumu. Ngati mumasuta, ino ndi nthawi yabwino kusiya.
• Pewani kuwonongeka kwa mpweya, fumbi la mafakitale, ndi utsi wokhumudwitsa momwe zingathere.

Mphumu; Kupuma - mphumu - akuluakulu

• Mphumu ndi sukulu
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Mphumu mwa akuluakulu - zomwe mungafunse dokotala
• Mphumu - mankhwala othandizira mwachangu
• Bronchoconstriction yochita zolimbitsa thupi
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi mphumu kusukulu
• Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito nebulizer
• Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito inhaler - palibe spacer
• Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito inhaler - ndi spacer
• Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mita yanu yoyenda kwambiri
• Pangani chizunguliro kutuluka chizolowezi
• Zizindikiro za matenda a mphumu
• Khalani kutali ndi zoyambitsa mphumu
• Kuyenda ndi mavuto apuma

• Mapapo
• Spirometry
• Mphumu
• Chimake chapamwamba mita
• Asthmatic bronchiole ndi bronchiole yachibadwa
• Zomwe zimayambitsa mphumu
• Mphumu yolimbitsa thupi
• Dongosolo kupuma
• Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa Spacer - Series
• Mlingo wa inhaler ntchito - Series
• Ntchito ya Nebulizer - mndandanda
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mita yayitali kwambiri - Series

Boulet LP, Godbout K. Kuzindikira kwa mphumu mwa akulu. Mu: Burks AW, Holgate ST, O'Hehir RE, et al, olemba. Ziwombankhanga za Middleton: Mfundo ndi Zochita. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 51.

Brozek JL, Bousquet J, Agache I, ndi al. Matenda a rhinitis ndi momwe zimakhudzira malangizo a mphumu (ARIA) -2019 kukonzanso. J Matenda Achilengedwe Immunol. Chidwi. 2017; 140 (4): 950-958. PMID: 28602936 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28602936. (Adasankhidwa)

(Adasankhidwa) Liu AH, Spahn JD, Sicherer SH. Mphumu yaubwana. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 169.

[Adasankhidwa] Marcdante KJ, Kliegman RM. Mphumu. Mu: Marcdante KJ, Kliegman RM, olemba. Nelson Zofunikira pa Matenda a Ana. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 78.

Tsopano RM, Tokarski GF. Mphumu. Mu: Makoma RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 63.