Kuchepetsa mtima

Cardiomyopathy ndi matenda omwe minofu ya mtima imafooka, kutambasula, kapena kukhala ndi vuto lina.

Kuchepetsa mtima ndi vuto lomwe minofu yamtima imafooka ndikukula. Zotsatira zake, mtima sungapope magazi okwanira mthupi lonse.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya matenda a mtima. Kuchepetsa mtima ndi mawonekedwe ofala kwambiri, koma atha kukhala chifukwa cha zovuta zosiyanasiyana. Ena othandizira zaumoyo amagwiritsa ntchito mawuwa posonyeza vuto linalake, lotchedwa idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Palibe chifukwa chodziwikiratu cha matenda amtima otanukawa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kufalikira kwa mtima ndi:

• Matenda amtima omwe amayamba chifukwa chochepetsetsa kapena kutsekeka m'mitsempha yamitsempha
• Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi

Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtima uzisokonekera, kuphatikizapo:

• Mowa kapena cocaine (kapena mankhwala ena osokoneza bongo)
• Matenda a shuga, matenda a chithokomiro, kapena matenda a chiwindi
• Mankhwala omwe amatha kukhala owopsa pamtima, monga mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa
• Nyimbo zosadziwika bwino zomwe mtima umagunda mwachangu kwa nthawi yayitali
• Matenda osokoneza bongo
• Zinthu zomwe zimayendetsedwa m'mabanja
• Matenda omwe amakhudza minofu yamtima
• Mavavu amtima omwe ndi ochepera kwambiri kapena otayikira kwambiri
• M'mwezi watha woyembekezera, kapena pasanathe miyezi 5 mwana akabadwa.
• Kuwonetsedwa pazitsulo zolemera monga lead, arsenic, cobalt, kapena mercury

Vutoli limatha kukhudza aliyense msinkhu uliwonse. Komabe, ndizofala kwambiri mwa amuna akulu.

Zizindikiro za kulephera kwa mtima ndizofala kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri zimakula pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi. Komabe, nthawi zina zizindikiro zimayamba modzidzimutsa ndipo zimakhala zovuta.

Zizindikiro zodziwika ndi izi:

• Kupweteka pachifuwa kapena kupanikizika (makamaka kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi)
• Tsokomola
• Kutopa, kufooka, kukomoka
• Kugunda kosasinthasintha kapena kofulumira
• Kutaya njala
• Kupuma pang'ono ndi zochitika kapena atagona (kapena kugona) kwakanthawi
• Kutupa kwa mapazi ndi akakolo

Pakati pa mayeso, wothandizira zaumoyo atha kupeza:

• Mtima wakula.
• Kuphulika kwa mapapo (chizindikiro cha kuchuluka kwa madzi), kung'ung'uza mtima, kapena mawu ena achilendo.
• Chiwindi chimakulitsidwa.
• Mitsempha ya khosi ikhoza kutuluka.

Mayeso angapo a labotale atha kuchitidwa kuti mudziwe chifukwa chake:

• Antinuclear antibody (ANA), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), ndi mayeso ena oti mupeze matenda amthupi
• Mayeso a antibody kuti azindikire matenda monga Lyme matenda ndi HIV
• Mayeso achitsulo a magazi
• Mayeso a Serum TSH ndi T4 kuti adziwe mavuto a chithokomiro
• Kuyesa kwa amyloidosis (magazi, mkodzo)

Kukulitsa mtima kapena mavuto ena ndi kapangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ka mtima (monga kufinya kofooka) atha kuwonekera pamayeso awa. Angathandizenso kuzindikira chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli:

• Echocardiogram (ultrasound ya mtima)
• Kuyesedwa kwamtima
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Coronary angiogram kuyang'ana magazi akuyenda mpaka pamtima
• Catheterization yamtima kuti muyese kupanikizika mkati ndi kuzungulira mtima
  
• Kujambula kwa CT pamtima
• MRI yamtima
• Kuunika kwa mtima wa nyukiliya (scintigraphy, MUGA, RNV)

Kutsekemera kwa mtima, komwe chidutswa chaching'ono cha mtima chimachotsedwa, kungafunike kutengera chifukwa. Komabe, izi sizichitika kawirikawiri.

Zinthu zomwe mungachite kunyumba kuti musamalire matenda anu ndi monga:

• Dziwani thupi lanu, ndipo yang'anani zizindikiro zosonyeza kuti mtima wanu ukulephera.
• Onetsetsani kusintha kwa zizindikilo zanu, kugunda kwa mtima, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi kulemera kwake.
• Malire omwe mumamwa komanso kuchuluka kwa mchere (sodium) womwe mumapeza pazakudya zanu.

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima amafunika kumwa mankhwala. Mankhwala ena amachiza matenda anu. Zina zitha kuthandiza kupewa mtima wanu kulephera, kapena kupewa mavuto ena amtima.

Ndondomeko ndi maopaleshoni omwe mungafune ndi awa:

• Wopanga pacemaker kuti athandizire kuthana ndi kugunda kwa mtima pang'ono kapena kuthandizira kugunda kwa mtima kwanu kuti kulumikizane
• Makina osokoneza bongo omwe amazindikira kuwopsa kwa mtima ndikuwotcha magetsi kuti awaimitse
• Kuchita opaleshoni yodutsa pamtima (CABG) kapena angioplasty kuti magazi aziyenda bwino pamisempha ya mtima yowonongeka kapena yofooka
• Valavu m'malo kapena kukonza

Za matenda apamwamba a mtima:

• Kuika mtima kungalimbikitsidwe ngati mankhwala oyenera sanagwire ntchito ndipo zizindikiritso za mtima ndizovuta kwambiri.
• Kukhazikitsidwa kwa chida chothandizira chamitsempha yamtima kapena mtima wokumba kungaganiziridwe.

Kulephera kwa mtima kumakhala koipitsitsa pakapita nthawi. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima adzafa chifukwa cha vutoli. Kuganizira za mtundu wa chisamaliro chomwe mungafune kumapeto kwa moyo ndikukambirana izi ndi okondedwa anu komanso omwe amakuthandizani pa zaumoyo ndikofunikira.

Kulephera kwa mtima nthawi zambiri kumakhala matenda osachiritsika, omwe amatha kuwonjezeka pakapita nthawi. Anthu ena amakhala ndi vuto la mtima, momwe mankhwala, chithandizo china, ndi opaleshoni sizimathandizanso. Anthu ambiri ali pachiwopsezo cha mitima yakupha, ndipo atha kufunikira mankhwala kapena chowongolera.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati muli ndi matenda a mtima.

Pezani thandizo lachipatala nthawi yomweyo ngati mukumva kupweteka pachifuwa, kupunduka kapena kukomoka.

Matenda a mtima - otukuka; Pulayimale cardiomyopathy; Matenda a shuga; Idiopathic cardiomyopathy; Mowa woledzeretsa

• Mtima - gawo kupyola pakati
• Mtima - kuwonera kutsogolo
• Kuchepetsa mtima
• Mowa woledzeretsa

Falk RH, Hershberger RE. Ma cardiomyopathies ochepetsedwa, oletsa, komanso olowerera. Mu: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, olemba. Matenda a Mtima a Braunwald: Buku Lophunzitsira la Mankhwala Amtima. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 77.

Mckenna WJ, Elliott P. Matenda a myocardium ndi endocardium. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 54.