Mitral stenosis

Mitral stenosis ndi vuto lomwe mitral valve siyimatseguka kwathunthu. Izi zimaletsa magazi kutuluka.

Magazi omwe amayenda kuchokera kuzipinda zosiyanasiyana zamtima wanu amayenera kudutsa pa valavu. Valavu pakati pa zipinda ziwiri mbali yakumanzere ya mtima wanu amatchedwa valavu ya mitral. Amatseguka mokwanira kuti magazi azitha kutuluka kuchokera kuchipinda chapamwamba cha mtima wako (kumanzere atria) kupita kuchipinda chapansi (kumanzere kwamitsempha yamagetsi). Kenako imatseka, kuletsa magazi kuti asatuluke chammbuyo.

Mitral stenosis amatanthauza kuti valavu siyingathe kutsegula mokwanira. Zotsatira zake, magazi ochepa amayenda mthupi. Chipinda cham'mwamba cham'mimba chimafufuma chifukwa chamapanikizidwe. Magazi ndi madzi amatha kusonkhanitsa m'mapapu (pulmonary edema), ndikupangitsa kuti kupuma kukhale kovuta.

Kwa achikulire, mitral stenosis imachitika nthawi zambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi rheumatic fever. Ichi ndi matenda omwe amatha kukhala ndi matenda am'mero ​​omwe sanalandire chithandizo choyenera.

Mavuto a valavu amakhala zaka 5 mpaka 10 kapena kupitilira atakhala ndi rheumatic fever. Zizindikiro sizitha kuwonekera kwa nthawi yayitali. Rheumatic fever ikusowa kwambiri ku United States chifukwa matenda opatsirana amathandizidwa nthawi zambiri. Izi zapangitsa kuti mitral stenosis ichepetse.

Nthawi zambiri, zinthu zina zimatha kuyambitsa mitral stenosis mwa akulu. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Ma calcium amapangika mozungulira ma mitral valve
• Chithandizo cha ma radiation pachifuwa
• Mankhwala ena

Ana amatha kubadwa ndi mitral stenosis (kobadwa nawo) kapena zovuta zina zobadwa zomwe zimakhudza mtima zomwe zimayambitsa mitral stenosis. Nthawi zambiri, pamakhala zovuta zina zamtima zomwe zimapezeka pamodzi ndi mitral stenosis.

Mitral stenosis ikhoza kuyenda m'mabanja.

Akuluakulu sangakhale ndi zizindikilo. Komabe, zizindikilo zitha kuwonekera kapena kuwonjezeka ndikulimbitsa thupi kapena zochitika zina zomwe zimakweza kugunda kwa mtima. Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimayamba pakati pa zaka 20 mpaka 50.

Zizindikiro zimatha kuyamba ndi gawo la kutsekeka kwamatenda (makamaka ngati kuyambitsa kugunda kwamtima). Zizindikiro zimatha kuyambanso kutenga mimba kapena zovuta zina m'thupi, monga matenda amtima kapena mapapu, kapena zovuta zina zamtima.

Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo:

• Kusapeza pachifuwa komwe kumawonjezeka ndikumagwira ntchito ndikufikira mkono, khosi, nsagwada kapena madera ena (izi ndizochepa)
• Chifuwa, mwina ndi phlegm yamagazi
• Kuvuta kupuma panthawi kapena pambuyo pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi (Ichi ndiye chizindikiro chofala kwambiri.)
• Kudzuka chifukwa cha mavuto a kupuma kapena kugona pansi
• Kutopa
• Matenda opuma pafupipafupi, monga bronchitis
• Kumverera kwa kugunda kwa mtima (kugunda)
• Kutupa kwa mapazi kapena akakolo

Kwa makanda ndi ana, zizindikilo zimatha kupezeka kuyambira pakubadwa (kobadwa nako). Zikhala pafupi nthawi zonse mzaka ziwiri zoyambirira za moyo. Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

• Tsokomola
• Kudya moperewera, kapena kutuluka thukuta mukamadyetsa
• Kukula kosauka
• Kupuma pang'ono

Wothandizira zaumoyo amvera mtima ndi mapapo ndi stethoscope. Kung'ung'udza, chithunzithunzi, kapena mawu ena achilendo akumveka. Kudandaula komwe kumakhalapo ndikumveka kwamphamvu komwe kumamveka pamtima panthawi yopuma ya kugunda kwa mtima. Phokoso nthawi zambiri limamveka kwambiri mtima usanayambe kugunda.

Mayeserowa amathanso kuwonetsa kugunda kwamtima kapena kusokonezeka kwamapapu. Kuthamanga kwa magazi nthawi zambiri kumakhala koyenera.

Kupatulira kapena kutseka kwa valavu kapena kutupa kwa zipinda zam'mwamba kumatha kuwoneka pa:

• X-ray pachifuwa
• Zojambulajambula
• ECG (electrocardiogram)
• MRI kapena CT yamtima
• Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)

Chithandizo chimadalira zizindikiro komanso mkhalidwe wa mtima ndi mapapo. Anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiritso zochepa kapena sangathenso chithandizo. Pazizindikiro zazikulu, mungafunike kupita kuchipatala kuti mukapezeke ndi matenda.

Mankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthana ndi zizindikilo za kulephera kwa mtima, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndikuchepetsa kapena kuwongolera kayendedwe ka mtima ndi monga:

• Odzetsa (mapiritsi amadzi)
• Ma nitrate, otchinga beta
• Oletsa ma calcium
• Zoletsa za ACE
• Angiotensin receptor blockers (ma ARB)
• Digoxin
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Maanticoagulants (ochepetsa magazi) amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa magazi kuundana ndikupita mbali zina za thupi.

Maantibayotiki amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina a mitral stenosis. Anthu omwe ali ndi rheumatic fever angafunikire chithandizo chotalikirana ndi maantibayotiki monga penicillin.

M'mbuyomu, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la valavu yamtima amapatsidwa maantibayotiki asanayambe ntchito yamano kapena njira zowononga, monga colonoscopy. Maantibayotiki amaperekedwa kuti ateteze matenda a valavu yamtima yowonongeka. Komabe, maantibayotiki tsopano sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Funsani dokotala ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki.

Anthu ena angafunike kuchitidwa opaleshoni yamtima kapena njira zochiritsira mitral stenosis. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy (yotchedwanso valvuloplasty). Pochita izi, chubu (catheter) imalowetsedwa mumtsempha, nthawi zambiri mwendo. Idakulungidwa mpaka mumtima. Baluni pamphepete mwa catheter imakhudzidwa, kukulitsa valavu ya mitral ndikuwongolera magazi. Njirayi ingayesedwe m'malo mochita opareshoni mwa anthu omwe ali ndi valavu ya mitral yosawonongeka (makamaka ngati valavu siyikutuluka kwambiri). Ngakhale atachita bwino, mchitidwewo ungafunike kuwubwereza miyezi kapena zaka pambuyo pake.
• Kuchita opaleshoni kuti mukonze kapena musinthe valavu ya mitral. Mavavu obwezeretsa amatha kupangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana. Zina zimatha zaka makumi ambiri, ndipo zina zimatha ndipo zimafuna kusintha zina.

Ana nthawi zambiri amafunika kuchitidwa opaleshoni kuti akonze kapena kusintha ma mitral valve.

Zotsatira zimasiyanasiyana. Matendawa atha kukhala ofatsa, opanda zizindikilo, kapena atha kukhala owopsa ndikulemala pakapita nthawi. Zovuta zitha kukhala zowopsa kapena zowopseza moyo. Nthawi zambiri, mitral stenosis imatha kuwongoleredwa ndi chithandizo chamankhwala ndikusinthidwa ndi valvuloplasty kapena opaleshoni.

Zovuta zingaphatikizepo:

• Matenda a Atrial ndi flutter atrial
• Magazi amatundikira kuubongo (sitiroko), matumbo, impso, kapena madera ena
• Kulephera kwa mtima
• Edema ya m'mapapo
• Matenda oopsa

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati:

• Muli ndi zizindikiro za mitral stenosis.
• Muli ndi mitral stenosis ndipo zizindikilo sizikusintha ndikamachiza, kapena zizindikilo zatsopano zimawoneka.

Tsatirani malingaliro a omwe akukuthandizani pochiza zinthu zomwe zingayambitse matenda a valavu. Chitani matenda opatsirana mwachangu kuti mupewe rheumatic fever. Uzani omwe amakupatsani ngati muli ndi mbiri yoti makolo anu ali ndi matenda amtima obadwa nawo.

Kupatula kuchiza matenda opatsirana, mitral stenosis palokha nthawi zambiri siyingapewe, koma zovuta zomwe zingachitike zimatha kupewedwa. Uzani wothandizira wanu za matenda anu a valavu yamtima musanalandire chithandizo chilichonse. Kambiranani ngati mukufuna maantibayotiki oteteza.

Kulepheretsa kwa Mitral valve; Mtima mitral stenosis; Valvular mitral stenosis

• Mitral stenosis
• Mavavu amtima
• Opaleshoni ya valve yamtima - mndandanda

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