Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) ndimkhalidwe womwe minofu yamtima imakhala yolimba. Nthawi zambiri, gawo limodzi lokha la mtima limakhala lolimba kuposa mbali zina.

Kukula kumatha kupangitsa kuti magazi asachoke mumtima, kukakamiza mtima kugwira ntchito molimbika kupopera magazi. Zingapangitsenso kuti zikhale zovuta kuti mtima upumule ndikudzaza magazi.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy nthawi zambiri imadutsa m'mabanja (obadwa nawo). Amaganiziridwa kuti amachokera ku zolakwika m'majini zomwe zimathandizira kukula kwa minofu yamtima.

Achinyamata atha kukhala ndi vuto loopsa la hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Komabe, vutoli limawoneka mwa anthu azaka zonse.

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi vutoli sangakhale ndi zisonyezo. Amatha kuyamba kupeza kuti ali ndi vutoli panthawi yoyezetsa magazi.

Mwa achinyamata ambiri achikulire, chizindikiro choyamba cha hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ndi kugwa mwadzidzidzi komanso kufa. Izi zimatha kuyambitsidwa ndi mikhalidwe yachilendo (arrhythmias). Zitha kukhalanso chifukwa cha kutsekeka komwe kumalepheretsa kutuluka kwa magazi kuchokera pamtima kupita ku thupi lonse.

Zizindikiro zodziwika ndizo:

• Kupweteka pachifuwa
• Chizungulire
• Kukomoka, makamaka panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi
• Kutopa
• Kupepuka, makamaka ndi ntchito kapena pambuyo pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi
• Kumva mtima ukugunda mofulumira kapena mosasinthasintha (palpitations)
• Kupuma pang'ono ndi zochitika kapena mutagona (kapena kugona kwakanthawi)

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzayesa thupi ndikumvetsera mtima ndi mapapo ndi stethoscope. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:

• Mtima wosazolowereka umamveka kapena kung'ung'uza mtima. Izi zimatha kusintha ndimatupi osiyanasiyana.
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Maganizo m'manja ndi m'khosi mwanu adzafufuzidwa. Wothandizirayo amatha kumva kugunda kwamtima pachifuwa.

Mayeso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire kukula kwa minofu ya mtima, mavuto akutuluka kwa magazi, kapena mavavu amtima otayikira (mitral valve regurgitation) atha kukhala:

• Zojambulajambula
• ECG
• Maola 24 owunika a Holter (kuwunika kokometsera mtima)
• Catheterization yamtima
• X-ray pachifuwa
• MRI yamtima
• Kujambula kwa CT pamtima
• Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)

Mayeso amwazi atha kuchitidwa kuti athetse matenda ena.

Achibale apafupi a anthu omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi hypertrophic cardiomyopathy atha kuwunikidwa kuti adziwe vutoli.

Nthawi zonse tsatirani malangizo a omwe akukuthandizani pankhani zolimbitsa thupi ngati muli ndi hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Mutha kuuzidwa kuti mupewe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Komanso, onani omwe akukuthandizani kuti azikupimirani pafupipafupi.

Ngati muli ndi zizindikilo, mungafunike mankhwala monga beta-blockers ndi calcium channel blockers kuti muthandize mgwirizano wamtima komanso kumasuka moyenera. Mankhwalawa amatha kuchepetsa kupweteka pachifuwa kapena kupuma pang'ono mukamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Anthu omwe ali ndi arrhythmias angafunikire chithandizo, monga:

• Mankhwala othandizira kuchira kwachilendo.
• Ochepetsa magazi kuti achepetse kuwopsa kwa magazi (ngati arrhythmia imachitika chifukwa cha atril fibrillation).
• Wokhazikika pacemaker wolamulira kugunda kwamtima.
• Chida chokhazikitsira chomwe chimazindikira maphokoso a mtima wowopsa ndikuwatumizira magetsi. Nthawi zina defibrillator imayikidwa, ngakhale wodwalayo alibe arrhythmia koma amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha arrhythmia yoopsa (mwachitsanzo, ngati minofu ya mtima ndi yolimba kwambiri kapena yofooka, kapena wodwalayo ali ndi wachibale yemwe wamwalira mwadzidzidzi).

Magazi akatuluka mumtima atsekedwa kwambiri, zizindikilo zimatha kukhala zazikulu. Opaleshoni yotchedwa myectomy ingachitike. Nthawi zina, anthu amatha kupatsidwa jakisoni wa mowa m'mitsempha yomwe imadyetsa gawo lolimba la mtima (mowa wochotsa mowa). Anthu omwe ali ndi njirayi nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kusintha kwakukulu.

Mungafunike kuchitidwa opaleshoni kuti mukonze valavu yamitral ya mtima ngati ikudontha.

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi hypertrophic cardiomyopathy sangakhale ndi zizindikilo ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wathanzi. Ena amatha kukulira pang'onopang'ono kapena mwachangu. Nthawi zina, vutoli limatha kukhala kukhathamira kwa mtima.

Anthu omwe ali ndi hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chomwalira mwadzidzidzi kuposa anthu omwe alibe vutoli. Imfa mwadzidzidzi imatha kuchitika akadali aang'ono.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, yomwe imakhala ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana. Maganizo amatha kukhala abwinoko matendawa akamachitika mwa anthu okalamba kapena pakakhala makulidwe amtundu wina wamtundu wamtima.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ndi chifukwa chodziwika bwino chomwe chimapha mwadzidzidzi othamanga. Pafupifupi theka la anthu omwalira chifukwa cha vutoli amachitika kapena atangotha ​​kumene masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati:

• Muli ndi zizindikilo zilizonse za hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
• Mumakhala ndi kupweteka pachifuwa, kupweteka, kukomoka, kapena zizindikilo zina zatsopano kapena zosadziwika.

Cardiomyopathy - hypertrophic (HCM); IHSS; Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis; Asymmetric septal hypertrophy; Phulusa; HOCM; Hypertrophic yotseka mtima

• Mtima - gawo kupyola pakati
• Mtima - kuwonera kutsogolo
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Maron BJ, Maron MS, Olivotto I. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Mu: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, olemba. Matenda a Mtima a Braunwald: Buku Lophunzitsira la Mankhwala Amtima. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 78.

McKenna WJ, Mtsogoleri wa Elliott. Matenda a myocardium ndi endocardium. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 54.