Matenda amanda

Matenda a manda ndimatenda amthupi omwe amatsogolera ku chithokomiro chopitilira muyeso (hyperthyroidism). Matenda osokoneza bongo ndi omwe amapezeka pomwe chitetezo chamthupi chimalakwitsa minyewa yathanzi.

Chithokomiro ndi gawo lofunikira la dongosolo la endocrine. Chotupacho chili kutsogolo kwa khosi pamwambapa pomwe pamakumanapo ndi makolala. Gland iyi imatulutsa mahomoni a thyroxine (T4) ndi triiodothyronine (T3), omwe amalamulira kagayidwe kake ka thupi. Kulamulira kagayidwe kake ndikofunikira pakuwongolera kusunthika, kulemera, ndi mphamvu zamaganizidwe ndi thupi.

Thupi likamapanga mahomoni ambiri a chithokomiro, vutoli limatchedwa hyperthyroidism. (Chithokomiro chosagwira ntchito chimayambitsa hypothyroidism.)

Matenda a manda ndi omwe amayambitsa matenda a hyperthyroidism. Ndi chifukwa cha mayankho achilengedwe amthupi omwe amachititsa kuti chithokomiro chipange mahomoni ambiri a chithokomiro. Matenda a manda amapezeka kwambiri mwa amayi azaka zopitilira 20. Koma vutoli limatha kuchitika msinkhu uliwonse ndipo limakhudzanso amuna.

Achinyamata atha kukhala ndi izi:

• Kuda nkhawa kapena mantha, komanso mavuto ogona
• Kukula kwa m'mawere mwa amuna (zotheka)
• Mavuto akukhazikika
• Kutopa
• Kuyenda pafupipafupi
• Kutaya tsitsi
• Kusalolera kutentha ndikutuluka thukuta
• Kuchuluka chilakolako, ngakhale kuti muli ndi kuchepa thupi
• Kusamba kosasamba kwa amayi
• Minofu kufooka kwa m'chiuno ndi mapewa
• Kukhazikika, kuphatikiza kukwiya komanso mkwiyo
• Kupindika (kutengeka kwa kugunda kwamphamvu kapena kwachilendo)
  
• Kuthamanga kwachangu kapena kosasintha
• Kupuma pang'ono ndi zochitika
• Kugwedezeka (kugwedezeka kwa manja)

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda amanda ali ndi vuto ndi maso awo:

• Meso amaso angawoneke ngati akutuluka ndipo atha kukhala opweteka.
• Maso amatha kumva kukwiya, kuyabwa kapena kung'ambika pafupipafupi.
• Kuwona kawiri kungakhalepo.
• Kuchepetsa kuwona ndi kuwonongeka kwa cornea kumathanso kuchitika pamavuto akulu.

Okalamba akhoza kukhala ndi izi:

• Kuthamanga kwachangu kapena kosasintha
• Kupweteka pachifuwa
• Kutaya kukumbukira kapena kutsikira
• Kufooka ndi kutopa

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzayesa thupi ndipo angapeze kuti mtima wanu ukuwonjezeka. Kuyesedwa kwa khosi lanu kumatha kupeza kuti chithokomiro chanu chikukulitsidwa (goiter).

Mayesero ena ndi awa:

• Kuyesa magazi kuti muyeze kuchuluka kwa TSH, T3, ndi T4 yaulere
• Kutulutsa ndi ayodini kwama radioactive

Matendawa amathanso kukhudza zotsatirazi:

• Orbit CT scan kapena ultrasound
• Chithokomiro cholimbikitsa immunoglobulin (TSI)
• Chithandizo cha chithokomiro cha peroxidase (TPO)
• Anti-TSH receptor antibody (TRAb)

Chithandizochi chikuwongolera kuyamwa kwanu kopitilira muyeso. Mankhwala otchedwa beta-blockers nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda othamanga mtima, thukuta, ndi nkhawa mpaka hyperthyroidism ikalamulidwa.

Hyperthyroidism imathandizidwa ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo zotsatirazi:

• Mankhwala a antithyroid amatha kuletsa kapena kusintha momwe chithokomiro chimagwiritsira ntchito ayodini. Izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera chithokomiro chopitilira muyeso musanachite opareshoni kapena mankhwala a radioiodine kapena ngati chithandizo chanthawi yayitali.
• Mankhwala a radioiodine omwe ayodini ya radioactive amapatsidwa pakamwa. Kenako imayang'ana mu chithokomiro chopitilira muyeso ndipo imawononga.
• Opaleshoni itha kuchitidwa kuchotsa chithokomiro.

Ngati mwalandira mankhwala a ayodini okhudzana ndi radioactive kapena opaleshoni, muyenera kumwa mahomoni a chithokomiro kwa moyo wanu wonse. Izi ndichifukwa choti mankhwalawa amawononga kapena kuchotsa gland.

CHithandizo CHA MASO

Ena mwa mavuto amaso okhudzana ndi matenda a Graves nthawi zambiri amasintha mukamalandira mankhwala, radiation, kapena opareshoni yothandizira chithokomiro chambiri. Mankhwala a radioiodine nthawi zina amatha kukulitsa mavuto amaso. Mavuto amaso ndi oyipa kwambiri mwa anthu omwe amasuta, ngakhale atachiritsidwa hyperthyroidism.

Nthawi zina, prednisone (mankhwala a steroid omwe amaletsa chitetezo chamthupi) amafunikira kuti muchepetse kukwiya kwamaso ndi kutupa.

Mungafunike kujambulitsa maso anu otseka usiku kuti musawume. Magalasi amaso ndi madontho amaso amatha kuchepetsa kukwiya kwamaso. Nthawi zambiri, opaleshoni kapena chithandizo chama radiation (chosiyana ndi ayodini wa radioactive) chitha kukhala chofunikira kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa diso ndikuwonongeka kwamaso.

Matenda amanda nthawi zambiri amayankha kuchipatala. Kuchita opaleshoni ya chithokomiro kapena ayodini wamagetsi nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa matenda a chithokomiro (hypothyroidism). Popanda kupeza mulingo woyenera wa mahomoni a chithokomiro m'malo mwake, hypothyroidism itha kubweretsa ku:

• Matenda okhumudwa
• Ulesi wamaganizidwe ndi thupi
• Kulemera
• Khungu louma
• Kudzimbidwa
• Tsankho Cold
• Kusamba kwachilendo kwa amayi

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zamatenda a Manda. Komanso itanani ngati vuto lanu la diso kapena zizindikilo zina zikukulirakulira kapena sizikusintha ndi mankhwala.

Pitani kuchipinda chodzidzimutsa kapena itanani nambala yadzidzidzi yakomweko (monga 911) ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za hyperthyroidism ndi:

• Kuchepetsa chikumbumtima
• Malungo
• Mofulumira, kugunda kwamtima mosasinthasintha
• Kupuma pang'ono mwadzidzidzi

Matenda otupa a thyrotoxic; Hyperthyroidism - Manda; Thyrotoxicosis - Manda; Exophthalmos - Manda; Ophthalmopathy - Manda; Exophthalmia - Manda; Kuchita zachiwerewere - Manda

• Matenda a Endocrine
• Kukulitsa kwa chithokomiro - scintiscan
• Matenda amanda
• Chithokomiro

Hollenberg A, Wersinga WM. Matenda a Hyperthyroid. Mu: Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Golfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, olemba. Buku la Williams la Endocrinology. Wolemba 14th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: mutu 12.

Jonklaas J, Cooper DS. Chithokomiro. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 213.

[Adasankhidwa] Marcdante KJ, Kleigman RM. Matenda a chithokomiro. Mu: Marcdante KJ, Kliegman RM, olemba. Nelson Zofunikira pa Matenda a Ana. 8th ed. Zowonjezera; 2019: chap 175.

Marino M, Vitti P, matenda a Chiovato L. Manda. Mu: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, olemba. Endocrinology: Akuluakulu ndi Ana. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 82.

Ross DS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, ndi ena. Malangizo a 2016 American Thyroid Association othandizira kudziwa ndi kuwongolera hyperthyroidism ndi zina zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a thyrotoxicosis. Chithokomiro. 2016; 26 (10): 1343-1421. PMID: 27521067 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27521067/.