Mlembi: Janice Evans
Tsiku La Chilengedwe: 23 Kulayi 2021
Sinthani Tsiku: 15 Novembala 2024
Anonim
Maumivu ya Mifupa na Joint, Osteoarthritis
Kanema: Maumivu ya Mifupa na Joint, Osteoarthritis

Osteoporosis ndi matenda omwe mafupa amakhala osalimba ndipo amatha kusweka.

Osteoporosis ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wamatenda amfupa.

Kufooka kwa mafupa kumawonjezera chiopsezo chophwanya fupa. Pafupifupi theka la azimayi azaka zopitilira 50 azithyoka chiuno, dzanja, kapena mafupa a msana nthawi ya moyo wawo. Mafupa a msana ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri.

Thupi lanu limafunikira mchere wa calcium ndi phosphate kuti apange ndi kusunga mafupa athanzi.

  • Mmoyo wanu, thupi lanu limapitilizanso kukonzanso fupa lakale ndikupanga fupa latsopano.
  • Malingana ngati thupi lanu lili ndi fupa latsopano komanso lakale, mafupa anu amakhala athanzi komanso olimba.
  • Kutaya mafupa kumachitika pamene fupa lakale limabwezeretsanso kuposa fupa latsopano.

Nthawi zina, kutayika kwa mafupa kumachitika popanda chifukwa chodziwika. Nthawi zina, kutayika kwa mafupa ndi mafupa owonda amathamanga m'mabanja. Mwambiri, azungu, azimayi achikulire ndi omwe amakhala ndi vuto la mafupa.

Mafupa osalimba, osalimba amatha kuyambitsa chilichonse chomwe chimapangitsa thupi lanu kuwononga fupa lochulukirapo, kapena kupangitsa kuti thupi lanu lisapangitse fupa latsopano lokwanira. Mukamakalamba, thupi lanu limatha kubwezeretsanso calcium ndi phosphate m'mafupa anu m'malo mosunga mchere m'mafupa anu. Izi zimapangitsa mafupa anu kufooka.


Chiwopsezo chachikulu ndikusowa kashiamu wokwanira womanga minofu yatsopano. Ndikofunika kudya / kumwa zakudya zokwanira za calcium. Muyeneranso vitamini D, chifukwa imathandizira thupi lanu kuyamwa calcium. Mafupa anu amatha kuphulika ndipo amatha kuthyoka ngati:

  • Ngati simudya chakudya chokwanira ndi calcium ndi vitamini D
  • Thupi lanu silitenga calcium yokwanira kuchokera pachakudya chanu, monga pambuyo pakuchitidwa opaleshoni yam'mimba

Zina mwazifukwa zotayika mafupa ndi monga:

  • Kuchepa kwa estrogen mwa akazi panthawi yoleka kusamba ndi kuchepa kwa testosterone mwa amuna akamakalamba
  • Kutsekedwa pabedi chifukwa chodwala kwakanthawi (makamaka kumakhudza mafupa mwa ana)
  • Kukhala ndi zovuta zina zamankhwala zomwe zimayambitsa kutupa m'thupi
  • Kutenga mankhwala ena, monga mankhwala ena olanda, mankhwala a mahomoni a prostate kapena khansa ya m'mawere, ndi mankhwala a steroid omwe amamwa kwa miyezi yopitilira 3

Zina mwaziwopsezo ndizo:

  • Kusapezeka kwa msambo kwa nthawi yayitali
  • Mbiri ya banja la kufooka kwa mafupa
  • Kumwa mowa wambiri
  • Kulemera kwa thupi
  • Kusuta
  • Kukhala ndi vuto la kudya, monga anorexia nervosa

Palibe zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a kufooka kwa mafupa. Nthawi zambiri, anthu amathyoka asanadziwe kuti ali ndi matendawa.


Kupindika kwa mafupa a msana kumatha kupweteketsa pafupifupi kulikonse msana. Izi zimatchedwa kuti compression fractures. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika popanda kuvulala. Ululu umachitika mwadzidzidzi kapena pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi.

Pakhoza kukhala kuchepa kwa kutalika (pafupifupi mainchesi 6 kapena 15 masentimita) pakapita nthawi. Kukhazikika kopindika kapena vuto lotchedwa hump la dowager limatha kuyamba.

Kujambula kwa DEXA ndi x-ray yotsika kwambiri yomwe imayeza kuchuluka kwa mchere m'mafupa anu. Nthawi zambiri, imayesa kuchuluka kwa msana ndi mafupa amchiuno. Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu amagwiritsa ntchito mayeso awa ku:

  • Dziwani za kutayika kwa mafupa ndi kufooka kwa mafupa.
  • Kuneneratu za chiopsezo chanu cha mafupa amtsogolo.
  • Onani momwe mankhwala a kufooka kwa mafupa akugwirira ntchito. (DEXA imabwerezedwa kawiri zaka ziwiri zilizonse.)

X-ray yosavuta ya msana kapena ntchafu imatha kuwonetsa kusweka kapena kugwa kwa mafupa a msana. Komabe, ma x-ray osavuta am'mafupa ena siolondola pakuneneratu ngati mungakhale ndi matenda a osteoporosis. X-ray yatsopano yotchedwa radiation-radiation yotchedwa vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) tsopano imachitika ndi DEXA kuti izindikire bwino zophulika zomwe zilibe zisonyezo.


Mungafunike kuyezetsa magazi ndi mkodzo ngati wothandizira anu akuganiza kuti chifukwa cha matenda anu a m'mimba ndi matenda, osati kuchepa kwa mafupa komwe kumachitika ndi ukalamba.

Zotsatira za scan za DEXA zimafanizira kuchuluka kwa mchere wamafupa ndi wachikulire yemwe alibe fupa komanso ndi anthu amsinkhu wanu komanso ogonana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ali ndi zaka 80, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa atatu mwa amayi omwe ali ndi mafupa okhudzana ndi ukalamba amakhala ndi matenda otupa mafupa, kutengera zotsatira zawo za DEXA.

Chithandizo cha kufooka kwa mafupa kungaphatikizepo:

  • Kusintha moyo wanu, monga kusintha kadyedwe ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi
  • Kutenga zowonjezera calcium ndi vitamini D
  • Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala

Mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbitsa mafupa pamene:

  • Osteoporosis yapezeka ndi kafukufuku wamafupa, kaya mwakhala mukuphwanyidwa kapena ayi, ndipo chiwopsezo chanu chovulala ndichokwera.
  • Mudasweka fupa, ndipo kuyezetsa magazi kumawonetsa kuti muli ndi mafupa owonda, koma osati kufooka kwa mafupa.

Mankhwala omwe amachiza kufooka kwa mafupa ndi awa:

  • Bisphosphonates - mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewera ndi kuchiza kufooka kwa mafupa kwa amayi omwe atha msambo. Amatha kuperekedwa pakamwa kapena mwa IV.
  • Denusomab - amachepetsa kutayika kwa mafupa ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mafupa. Woperekedwa ndi jakisoni pansi pa khungu.
  • Teriparatide kapena abaloparatide - mitundu yopangidwa ndi anthu yamtundu wa mahomoni yomwe thupi lanu limapangitsa kuti ichulukitse mafupa.
  • Romosozumab - mankhwala atsopano ochepetsa mafupa.
    Ma modulators a Estrogen receptor.
    Calcitonin - mtundu wa mahomoni wopangidwa ndi anthu womwe thupi lanu limapanga womwe umakulitsa kuchuluka kwa mafupa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochiza ululu mwadzidzidzi wovulala msana

Kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe mayi akuyenera kumwa mankhwalawa kutengera mulingo wake wowopsa. Malangizo ndi awa:

  • Chiwopsezo chochepa - zaka 5 zamankhwala amkamwa kapena zaka zitatu za mankhwala a IV
  • Kuwonongeka kwakukulu - zaka 10 zamankhwala amkamwa kapena zaka 6 za mankhwala a IV

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandiza kwambiri kuti anthu achikulire azikhala ochepa. Zina mwazochita zomwe zalimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse mwayi wanu wophulika ndi monga:

  • Zochita zolimbitsa thupi, monga kuyenda, kuthamanga, kusewera tenisi, kapena kuvina kwa mphindi zosachepera 30, katatu pamlungu.
  • Zolemera zaulere, makina olemera, zotambasulira
  • Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, monga tai chi ndi yoga
  • Makina opalasa

Pewani zolimbitsa thupi zilizonse zomwe zitha kukupatsani chiopsezo. Komanso, musamachite masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe angayambitse okalamba.

Tsatirani malangizo awa kuti mupeze calcium ndi vitamini D wokwanira:

  • Akuluakulu azaka zosakwana 50 ayenera kukhala ndi calcium mg wa 1 mg ndi 400 mpaka 800 Mayunitsi Amayiko (IU) a vitamini D patsiku.
  • Amayi azaka 51 mpaka 70 ayenera kukhala ndi 1,200 mg ya calcium ndi 400 mpaka 800 IU ya vitamini D patsiku.
  • Amuna azaka 51 mpaka 70 ayenera kukhala ndi 1,000 mg ya calcium ndi 400 mpaka 800 IU wa vitamini D patsiku.
  • Akuluakulu azaka zoposa 70 ayenera kukhala ndi 1,200 mg ya calcium ndi 800 IU ya vitamini D patsiku.
  • Wopereka wanu atha kulangiza chowonjezera cha calcium.
  • Tsatirani zakudya zomwe zimakupatsani calcium yokwanira ndi vitamini D. Gwiritsani ntchito zowonjezera kuti muthandizire kusowa kokha ngati zakudya zanu zilibe ndalama zokwanira.
  • Omwe amakupatsirani mankhwala angakulimbikitseni kuchuluka kwa vitamini D ngati mungakhale pachiwopsezo cha matenda ofooka kwa mafupa kapena mavitamini ochepa.

(Dziwani: Magulu ena akatswiri sadziwa kuti phindu la chitetezo cha mavitamini D ndi calcium ndizochulukirapo kuposa zoopsa zawo. Onetsetsani kuti mukambirane ndi omwe amakupatsirani mwayi wopeza zowonjezera mavutowo.)

Siyani zizolowezi zosayenera:

  • Siyani kusuta, ngati mumasuta.
  • Chepetsani kumwa mowa. Kumwa mowa kwambiri kumawononga mafupa anu. Izi zimayika pachiwopsezo chugwa ndikuthyoka fupa.

Ndikofunika kupewa kugwa ndi achikulire. Malangizo awa atha kuthandiza:

  • Musamamwe mankhwala omwe amakupangitsani kuti mukhale osinza komanso osakhazikika. Ngati muyenera kuwatenga, samalani kwambiri mukadzuka ndikuyenda mozungulira. Mwachitsanzo, gwiritsitsani matebulo kapena mipando yolimba kuti musagwe.
  • Chotsani zoopsa zapanyumba, monga kuponya zopondera, kuti muchepetse kugwa.
  • Siyani magetsi usiku kuti muwone bwino mukamayenda mozungulira nyumba yanu.
  • Ikani ndikugwiritsa ntchito mipiringidzo yachitetezo kubafa.
  • Ikani zipilala za antislip m'mabafa ndi mvula.
  • Onetsetsani kuti masomphenya anu ndi abwino. Yang'anirani maso anu kamodzi kapena kawiri pachaka ndi dokotala wamaso.
  • Valani nsapato zomwe zimakhala bwino komanso zazitali. Izi zimaphatikizapo ma slippers. Slippers omwe alibe zidendene amatha kukupangitsani kugwa ndikugwa.
  • Osangoyenda panja panokha masiku achisanu.

Kuchita opaleshoni kuti muzitha kupweteka kwambiri, kulepheretsa kupweteka kwa msana chifukwa cha kufooka kwa mafupa kumaphatikizapo:

  • Kyphoplasty (chinthu chimayikidwa mufupa la msana wanu kuti mubwezeretse kutalika kwa ma vertebrae)
  • Kusakanikirana kwa msana (mafupa a msana wanu adalumikizidwa kotero kuti sayenda motsutsana)

Mankhwala ochizira kufooka kwa mafupa angathandize kupewa zophulika mtsogolo. Mafupa a msana omwe agwa kale sangathe kulimba.

Osteoporosis imatha kupangitsa munthu kukhala wolumala chifukwa cha mafupa ofowoka. Kuphulika kwa mchiuno ndichimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zomwe anthu amalozedwera kumalo osungira anthu okalamba.

Onetsetsani kuti mwapeza calcium ndi vitamini D wokwanira kuti mumange ndikukhala ndi mafupa athanzi. Kutsata chakudya chopatsa thanzi, choyenera kumatha kukuthandizani kupeza izi ndi zina zofunika.

Malangizo ena othandiza kupewa:

  • Musamamwe mowa wambiri.
  • Osasuta.
  • Muzichita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse.

Mankhwala amatha kuchiza kufooka kwa mafupa komanso kupewa mafupa. Wopereka wanu akhoza kukuwuzani ngati ena ali oyenera kwa inu.

Mafupa owonda; Kutsika kwa mafupa ochepa; Kagayidwe mafupa matenda; M'chiuno wovulala - kufooka kwa mafupa; Psinjika wovulala - kufooka kwa mafupa; Kuphulika kwa dzanja - kufooka kwa mafupa

  • M'chiuno wovulala - kumaliseche
  • Kupewa kugwa
  • Kupanikizika kwachinyengo
  • Kuwonjezeka kwa mafupa
  • Kufooka kwa mafupa
  • Kufooka kwa mafupa
  • Kuphulika m'chiuno
  • Gwero la Vitamini D
  • Calcium phindu
  • Gwero la calcium
  • Zochita zolimbitsa mafupa
  • Kusintha kwa msana ndi ukalamba

Adler RA, El-Hajj Fuleihan G, Bauer DC, ndi al. Kusamalira kufooka kwa mafupa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi chithandizo cha bisphosphonate cha nthawi yayitali: lipoti la Task Force ya American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. J Bone Mgodi Res. 2016; 31 (10): 1910. PMID: 27759931 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27759931.

Black DM, Rosen CJ. Zochita zamankhwala: postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 2016; 374 (3): 254-262. PMID: 26789873 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26789873.

Compston JE, McClung MR, Leslie WD. Kufooka kwa mafupa. Lancet. 2019; 393 (10169): 364-376. (Adasankhidwa) PMID: 30696576 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30696576.

Cosman F, wochokera ku Beur SJ, LeBoff MS, et al; National Osteoporosis Foundation. Upangiri wazachipatala popewa komanso kuchiza matenda a kufooka kwa mafupa. Osteoporos Int. 2014; 25 (10): 2359-2381. PMID: 25182228 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25182228. (Adasankhidwa)

De Paula FJA, Black DM, Rosen CJ. Osteoporosis: zoyambira komanso zamankhwala. Mu: Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Loenig RJ, et al, olemba. Buku la Williams la Endocrinology. Wolemba 14th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 30.

Eastell R, Rosen CJ, Black DM, ndi al. Kusamalira mankhwala a kufooka kwa mafupa kwa amayi omwe atha kumwalira kumwezi: bungwe la Endocrine Society. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Mpweya. 2019; 104 (5): 1595-1622. PMID: 30907593 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30907953.

Kemmler W, Bebenek M, Kohl M, von Stengel S. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kuphulika kwa azimayi omwe atha msinkhu. Zotsatira zomaliza za Erlangen Fitness ndi Osteoporosis Prevention Study (EFOPS). Osteoporos Int. 2015; 26 (10): 2491-2499. PMID: 25963237 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25963237.

Moyer VA; Gulu Lachitetezo la U.S. Vitamini D ndi calcium supplementation kupewa kuphulika kwa akulu: Ndemanga ya US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2013; 158 (9): 691-696. PMID: 23440163 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23440163.

Qaseem A, Forciea MA, McLean RM, ndi al. Chithandizo cha kuchepa kwa mafupa kapena kufooka kwa mafupa kupewa kuphulika kwa abambo ndi amai: malangizo othandizira achipatala ochokera ku American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2017; 166 (11): 818-839. (Adasankhidwa) PMID: 28492856 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28492856.

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