Osteomyelitis

Osteomyelitis ndi matenda am'mafupa. Amayamba makamaka chifukwa cha mabakiteriya kapena majeremusi ena.

Matenda a mafupa nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya. Koma amathanso kuyambitsidwa ndi bowa kapena majeremusi ena. Munthu akakhala ndi matenda a osteomyelitis:

• Mabakiteriya kapena majeremusi ena amatha kufalikira mpaka fupa kuchokera pakhungu, minofu, kapena tendon yomwe ili pafupi ndi fupa. Izi zikhoza kuchitika pansi pa khungu.
• Matendawa amatha kuyamba mbali ina ya thupi ndikufalikira kufupa kudzera m'magazi.
• Matendawa amathanso kuyamba pambuyo pochita opaleshoni ya mafupa. Izi ndizotheka ngati opareshoniyo yachitika pambuyo povulala kapena ngati ndodo zachitsulo kapena mbale zaikidwa mufupa.

Kwa ana, mafupa aatali a mikono kapena miyendo nthawi zambiri amatenga nawo mbali. Kwa akuluakulu, mapazi, mafupa a msana (vertebrae), ndi chiuno (mafupa a chiuno) zimakhudzidwa kwambiri.

Zowopsa ndi izi:

• Matenda a shuga
• Kuchepetsa magazi
• Magazi osauka
• Kuvulala kwaposachedwa
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ojambulidwa ndi jakisoni
• Kuchita opaleshoni yokhudza mafupa
• Kufooka kwa chitetezo cha mthupi

Zizindikiro za osteomyelitis sizodziwika ndipo zimasiyana ndi msinkhu. Zizindikiro zazikulu ndizo:

• Kupweteka kwa mafupa
• Kutuluka thukuta kwambiri
• Malungo ndi kuzizira
• Kusapeza bwino, kusakhazikika, kapena kudwala (malaise)
• Kutupa kwanuko, kufiira, ndi kutentha
• Bala lotseguka lomwe lingawonetse mafinya
• Ululu pamalo opatsirana

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzakufunsani ndikufunsani za matenda anu. Mayesowa atha kuwonetsa kupindika kwa mafupa komanso kutheka kotheka ndi kufiyira mdera lozungulira fupa.

Mayeso atha kuphatikiza:

• Zikhalidwe zamagazi
• Bops biopsy (chitsanzocho chimakulitsidwa ndikuyesedwa pansi pa microscope)
• Kujambula mafupa
• X-ray ya mafupa
• Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi (CBC)
• Mapuloteni othandizira C (CRP)
• Mlingo wa sedimentation wa erythrocyte (ESR)
• MRI ya fupa
• Kukhumba kwa singano mdera la mafupa omwe akhudzidwa

Cholinga cha chithandizo ndikuchotsa matenda ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mafupa ndi ziwalo zina.

Maantibayotiki amaperekedwa kuti awononge mabakiteriya omwe akuyambitsa matendawa:

• Mutha kulandira maantibayotiki angapo nthawi imodzi.
• Maantibayotiki amatengedwa kwa milungu yosachepera 4 mpaka 6, nthawi zambiri kunyumba kudzera mu IV (kudzera m'mitsempha, kutanthauza kudzera mumitsempha).

Kuchita opaleshoni kungafunike kuchotsa minofu yakufa ngati njira zomwe tafotokozazi zalephera:

• Ngati pali mbale zachitsulo pafupi ndi kachilomboka, zimafunika kuchotsedwa.
• Malo otseguka otsala ndi mafupa omwe achotsedwa atha kudzazidwa ndi zomenyera mafupa kapena zinthu zonyamula. Izi zimalimbikitsa kuthetsa matenda.

Matenda omwe amabwera pambuyo pothandizana nawo angafunike kuchitidwa opaleshoni. Izi zachitika kuti muchotse m'malo mwake ziwalo zolumikizana komanso zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka. Prosthesis yatsopano itha kuyikidwanso mu ntchito yomweyo. Nthawi zambiri, madokotala amadikirira mpaka mankhwalawo atamalizidwa ndipo matenda atha.

Ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga, amafunika kuwongolera moyenera. Ngati pali mavuto okhudzana ndi magazi m'dera lomwe muli kachilomboka, monga phazi, pamafunika opaleshoni kuti muthane ndi magazi kuti muchepetse matendawa.

Ndi chithandizo, zotsatira za osteomyelitis yovuta nthawi zambiri zimakhala zabwino.

Maganizo ndi oyipa kwambiri kwa iwo omwe ali ndi matenda a osteomyelitis okhalitsa. Zizindikiro zimatha kupitilira zaka, ngakhale zitachitidwa opaleshoni. Kudulidwa kungafunike, makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kapena osayenda bwino magazi.

Maganizo a anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda amadalira makamaka pa:

• Thanzi la munthuyo
• Mtundu wa matenda
• Kaya ziwalo zomwe zili ndi kachilombo zingathe kuchotsedwa bwinobwino

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati:

• Khalani ndi matenda a osteomyelitis
• Khalani ndi osteomyelitis yomwe imapitilira ngakhale mukuchiritsidwa

Matenda a mafupa

• Osteomyelitis - kumaliseche

• X-ray
• Mafupa
• Osteomyelitis
• Mabakiteriya

Matteson EL, Osmon DR. Matenda a bursae, mafupa, ndi mafupa. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 256.

Raukar NP, Zink BJ. Matenda a mafupa ndi mafupa. Mu: Makoma RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 128.

Tande AJ, Steckelberg JM, Osmon DR, Berbari EF. Osteomyelitis. Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 104.