Matenda a m'mimba kapena khansa ya ureter

Khansa ya mafupa a chiuno kapena ureter ndi khansa yomwe imapanga mafupa a impso kapena chubu (ureter) yomwe imanyamula mkodzo kuchokera ku impso kupita ku chikhodzodzo.

Khansa imatha kumera mumkodzo wosonkhanitsa, koma sizachilendo. Matenda a m'mimba ndi khansa ya ureter imakhudza abambo nthawi zambiri kuposa akazi. Khansa izi ndizofala kwambiri kwa anthu achikulire kuposa 65.

Zomwe zimayambitsa khansara sizikudziwika. Kukwiya kwanthawi yayitali (kwanthawi yayitali) kwa impso kuchokera kuzinthu zoyipa zomwe zimachotsedwa mumkodzo zitha kukhala zina. Izi zitha kuyambitsidwa ndi:

• Kuwonongeka kwa impso kuchokera ku mankhwala, makamaka omwe amamva kupweteka (analgesic nephropathy)
• Kuwonetsedwa ku utoto ndi mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zikopa, nsalu, mapulasitiki, ndi mphira
• Kusuta

Anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya chikhodzodzo ali pachiwopsezo.

Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikizira izi:

• Ululu wammbuyo nthawi zonse
• Magazi mkodzo
• Kuwotcha, kupweteka, kapena kusapeza bwino pokodza
• Kutopa
• Kumva kupweteka
• Kuchepetsa thupi kosadziwika
• Kutaya njala
• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi
• Kuthamanga kwa mkodzo kapena kufulumira

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzakuyesani, ndikuyang'ana m'mimba mwanu (pamimba). Nthawi zambiri, izi zitha kuwonetsa impso zokulitsidwa.

Ngati mayesero achitika:

• Kuyeza kwamkati kumatha kuwonetsa magazi mkodzo.
• Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi (CBC) kumatha kuwonetsa kuchepa kwa magazi.
• Urine cytology (kuyang'anitsitsa maselo pang'ono) atha kuwulula maselo a khansa.

Mayesero ena omwe angayitanidwe ndi awa:

• M'mimba mwa CT scan
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Cystoscopy yokhala ndi ureteroscopy
• Mitsempha yotchedwa pyelogram (IVP)
• Impso ultrasound
• MRI ya pamimba
• Kujambula kwatsopano

Mayesowa atha kuwonetsa chotupa kapena kuwonetsa kuti khansara yafalikira kuchokera ku impso.

Cholinga cha chithandizo ndikuchotsa khansa.

Kutsatira njira zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza vutoli:

• Nephroureterectomy - Izi zimaphatikizapo kuchotsa impso zonse, ureter ndi khafu ya chikhodzodzo (minofu yolumikiza ureter ndi chikhodzodzo)
• Nephrectomy - Opaleshoni yochotsa zonse kapena gawo la impso nthawi zambiri imachitika. Izi zingaphatikizepo kuchotsa gawo la chikhodzodzo ndi ziwalo zozungulira, kapena ma lymph node.
• Ureter resection - Opaleshoni yochotsa gawo la ureter lomwe lili ndi khansa, ndi minofu yabwinobwino mozungulira. Izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zotupa zapamwamba zili m'munsi mwa ureter pafupi ndi chikhodzodzo. Izi zitha kuthandiza kuteteza impso.
• Chemotherapy - Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito khansa ikafalikira kunja kwa impso kapena ureter. Chifukwa zotupazi ndizofanana ndi khansa ya chikhodzodzo, amathandizidwa ndi mtundu womwewo wa chemotherapy.

Mutha kuchepetsa nkhawa zamankhwala ndikulowa nawo gulu lothandizira khansa. Kugawana ndi ena omwe akumana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo kungakuthandizeni kuti musamve nokha.

Zotsatira zimasiyanasiyana, kutengera komwe kuli chotupacho komanso ngati khansara yafalikira. Khansa yomwe ili mu impso kapena ureter imatha kuchiritsidwa ndikuchitidwa opaleshoni.

Khansa yomwe yafalikira ku ziwalo zina nthawi zambiri siyichiritsidwa.

Zovuta za khansa iyi ndi monga:

• Impso kulephera
• Kufalikira kwa chotupacho ndikumva kuwawa
• Kufalikira kwa khansayo kumapapu, chiwindi, ndi fupa

Lumikizanani ndi omwe amakupatsani ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa.

Njira zomwe zingathandize kupewa khansa ndi izi:

• Tsatirani malangizo a omwe amakupatsani okhudzana ndi mankhwala, kuphatikizapo mankhwala owawa.
• Lekani kusuta.
• Valani zida zodzitetezera ngati mutha kukumana ndi zinthu zakupha ndi impso.

Transitional cell khansa ya aimpso m'chiuno kapena ureter; Impso khansa - aimpso mafupa a chiuno; Khansa ya m'mimba; Urothelial carcinoma

• Matenda a impso

Makina DF. Zotupa za impso, chikhodzodzo, ureters, ndi mafupa aimpso. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 187.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/hp/transitional-cell-treatment-pdq. Idasinthidwa pa Januware 30, 2020. Idapezeka pa Julayi 21, 2020.

Wong WW, Daniels TB, Peterson JL, Tyson MD, Tan WW. Impso ndi ureteral carcinoma. Mu: Tepper JE, Foote RL, Michalski JM, olemba. Chipatala cha Gunderson & Tepper's Radiation Oncology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: chaputala 64.