Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) ndi khansa yamagulu am'mimba. Minofu ya mitsempha imapezeka m'mitsempha, ndulu, ndi ziwalo zina za chitetezo cha mthupi.

Maselo oyera amagazi, omwe amatchedwa ma lymphocyte, amapezeka m'matenda am'mimba. Amathandiza kupewa matenda. Ma lymphomas ambiri amayamba mumtundu wamagazi oyera wotchedwa B lymphocyte, kapena B cell.

Kwa anthu ambiri, chifukwa cha NHL sichidziwika. Koma ma lymphomas amatha kukula mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, kuphatikiza anthu omwe adalowetsedwa kapena omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.

NHL nthawi zambiri imakhudza akulu. Amuna amakula NHL nthawi zambiri kuposa akazi. Ana amathanso kupanga mitundu ina ya NHL.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya NHL. Gulu limodzi (gulu) ndi momwe khansa imafalikira mwachangu. Khansara ikhoza kukhala yotsika pang'ono (kukula pang'ono), kalasi yapakatikati, kapena masitepe apamwamba (kukula mwachangu).

NHL imagawidwanso ndi momwe ma cell amawonekera pansi pa microscope, ndi mtundu wanji wamaselo oyera amwazi omwe amachokera, komanso ngati pali kusintha kwina kwa DNA m'maselo a chotupacho.

Zizindikiro zimadalira gawo lomwe thupi limakhudzidwa ndi khansara komanso momwe khansa ikukulira.

Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo:

• Kukhetsa thukuta usiku
• Malungo ndi kuzizira komwe kumabwera ndikupita
• Kuyabwa
• Kutupa ma lymph nodes m'khosi, kumikono, m'mimba, kapena madera ena
• Kuchepetsa thupi
• Kukhosomola kapena kupuma movutikira ngati khansara ikukhudza thymus gland kapena ma lymph node m'chifuwa, kuyika mphepo (trachea) kapena nthambi zake
• Kupweteka m'mimba kapena kutupa, komwe kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa njala, kudzimbidwa, nseru, ndi kusanza
• Mutu, mavuto azisokonezo, kusintha kwa umunthu, kapena khunyu ngati khansa imakhudza ubongo

Wothandizira zaumoyo amayeza thupi ndikuwunika malo omwe ali ndi ma lymph node kuti amve ngati akutupa.

Matendawa amatha kupezeka pambuyo pofufuza za minofu yomwe akukayikira, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi lymph node biopsy.

Mayesero ena omwe angachitike ndi awa:

• Kuyezetsa magazi kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, chiwindi, kugwira ntchito kwa impso, ndi uric acid
• Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi (CBC)
• Kujambula kwa CT pachifuwa, pamimba ndi m'chiuno
• Kutupa kwa mafupa
• Kujambula PET

Ngati mayeso akuwonetsa kuti muli ndi NHL, mayeso ena adzachitika kuti muwone momwe afalitsira. Izi zimatchedwa staging. Kuyika masitepe kumathandizira kuwongolera chithandizo chamtsogolo ndikutsatira.

Chithandizo chimadalira:

• Mtundu wa NHL
• Gawo lomwe mumapezeka koyamba
• Msinkhu wanu komanso thanzi lanu lonse
• Zizindikiro, kuphatikizapo kuchepa thupi, malungo, ndi thukuta usiku

Mutha kulandira chemotherapy, radiation radiation, kapena onse awiri. Kapenanso simusowa chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu. Wothandizira anu akhoza kukuwuzani zambiri zamankhwala anu.

Radioimmunotherapy itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina. Izi zimaphatikizapo kulumikiza chinthu chama radioactive ndi antibody yomwe imalunjika m'maselo a khansa ndikubaya mankhwala m'thupi.

Mtundu wa chemotherapy womwe umadziwika kuti chithandizo chofunikira ungayesedwe.Amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuti athe kuyang'ana pazolunjika (ma molekyulu) mkati kapena m'maselo a khansa. Pogwiritsa ntchito zolingazi, mankhwalawa amalepheretsa maselo a khansa kuti asafalikire.

Chemotherapy ya mlingo waukulu ingaperekedwe NHL ikabwereranso kapena ikapanda kuyankha kuchipatala choyamba chomwe mwalandira. Izi zimatsatiridwa ndi kuponyedwa kwa ma cell a autologous (pogwiritsa ntchito maselo anu) kuti mupulumutse mafupa atatha mankhwala a chemotherapy. Ndi mitundu ina ya NHL, njira izi zimagwiritsidwira ntchito poyambira kukhululukidwa kuti athe kupeza mankhwala.

Kuika magazi kapena kupatsidwa magazi m'maplatelet kungafune ngati kuchuluka kwa magazi kuli kotsika.

Inu ndi wothandizira wanu mungafunike kuthana ndi mavuto ena mukamalandira khansa ya m'magazi, kuphatikizapo:

• Kukhala ndi chemotherapy kunyumba
• Kusamalira ziweto zanu pa chemotherapy
• Mavuto okhetsa magazi
• Pakamwa pouma
• Kudya zopatsa mphamvu zokwanira

Mutha kuchepetsa nkhawa zamankhwala ndikulowa nawo gulu lothandizira khansa. Kugawana ndi ena omwe akumana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo kungakuthandizeni kuti musamve nokha.

NHL yotsika kwambiri sangachiritsidwe ndi chemotherapy yokha. NHL yotsika pang'ono imapita pang'onopang'ono ndipo imatha kutenga zaka zambiri matendawa asanawonjezeke kapena amafunikira chithandizo. Kufunika kwa chithandizo nthawi zambiri kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zizindikilo, momwe matendawa akuyendera mofulumira, komanso ngati kuchuluka kwa magazi kumakhala kotsika.

Chemotherapy imatha kuchiritsa mitundu yambiri yamatenda am'magazi apamwamba. Ngati khansara sakuyankha chemotherapy, matendawa amatha kufa mwachangu.

NHL palokha komanso chithandizo chake chitha kudzetsa mavuto azaumoyo. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, momwe maselo ofiira amawonongeka ndi chitetezo chamthupi
• Matenda
• Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala a chemotherapy

Pitirizani kutsatira wothandizira amene amadziwa za kuwunika ndi kupewa mavutowa.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati mukukula ndi matendawa.

Ngati muli ndi NHL, itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati mukudwala malungo kapena zizindikilo zina za matenda.

Lymphoma - osakhala Hodgkin; Lymphocytic lymphoma; Histiocytic lymphoma; Lymphoblastic lymphoma; Khansa - non-Hodgkin lymphoma; NHL

• Kuika mafuta m'mafupa - kutulutsa
• Chemotherapy - zomwe mungafunse dokotala wanu
• Thandizo la radiation - mafunso omwe mungafunse dokotala wanu

• Lymphoma, yoyipa - CT scan
• Ma chitetezo amthupi

Abramson JS. Matenda a non-Hodgkin. Mu: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, olemba. Chipatala cha Abeloff's Oncology. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 103.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Mankhwala achikulire omwe si a Hodgkin lymphoma (PDQ) - mtundu wa akatswiri azaumoyo. www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/adult-nhl-kuchiza-pdq. Idasinthidwa pa Seputembara 18, 2019. Idapezeka pa February 13, 2020.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Chithandizo chaubwana chosakhala Hodgkin lymphoma chithandizo (PDQ) - mtundu wazachipatala. www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/child-nhl-kuchiza-pdq. Idasinthidwa pa February 5, 2020. Idapezeka pa February 13, 2020.