Matenda a meningococcal meningitis

Meningitis ndi matenda amimbidwe yophimba ubongo ndi msana. Chophimba ichi chimatchedwa meninges.

Mabakiteriya ndi mtundu umodzi wa majeremusi omwe angayambitse matendawa. Mabakiteriya a meningococcal ndi mtundu umodzi wa mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa matenda a meningitis.

Meningococcal meningitis imayambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya Neisseria meningitidis (yemwenso amadziwika kuti meningococcus).

Meningococcus ndiye chifukwa chofala kwambiri cha bacterial meningitis mwa ana ndi achinyamata. Ndi omwe amatsogolera kwambiri kubacteria meningitis mwa akulu.

Matendawa amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'nyengo yozizira kapena yamasika. Zitha kuyambitsa miliri yakomweko kusukulu zogona, malo ogona aku koleji, kapena malo ankhondo.

Zowopsa zimaphatikizapo kupezeka kwaposachedwa kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi meningococcal meningitis, kuthandizira kuchepa, kugwiritsa ntchito eculizumab, ndikuwonetsa kusuta ndudu.

Zizindikiro zimabwera mwachangu, ndipo zimatha kuphatikiza:

• Malungo ndi kuzizira
• Maganizo amasintha
• Nseru ndi kusanza
• Malo ofiira, ofundira (purpura)
• Ziphuphu, onetsani mawanga ofiira (petechiae)
• Kuzindikira kuwala (photophobia)
• Mutu wopweteka kwambiri
• Khosi lolimba

Zizindikiro zina zomwe zingachitike ndi matendawa:

• Kusokonezeka
• Kukula kwazithunzi m'makanda
• Kuchepetsa chidziwitso
• Kudyetsa osauka kapena kukwiya kwa ana
• Kupuma mofulumira
• Kukhazikika kosazolowereka kumutu ndi khosi kumbuyo (opisthotonus)

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzayesa. Mafunso amayang'ana kwambiri pazizindikiro komanso kuwonekera kwa munthu yemwe angakhale ndi zofananazo, monga khosi lolimba ndi malungo.

Ngati wothandizirayo akuganiza kuti meningitis ndiyotheka, kupindika kwa lumbar (mpopi wamtsempha) kumachitika kuti mupeze mtundu wa madzi amtsempha oyeserera.

Mayesero ena omwe angachitike ndi awa:

• Chikhalidwe chamagazi
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Kujambula kwa CT pamutu
• Kuwerengera kwa maselo oyera a magazi (WBC)
• Mafuta a gramu, madontho ena apadera

Maantibayotiki ayambitsidwa posachedwa.

• Ceftriaxone ndi amodzi mwa maantibayotiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
• Penicillin pamlingo wambiri amakhala wothandiza nthawi zonse.
• Ngati pali zovuta za penicillin, chloramphenicol itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Nthawi zina, ma corticosteroids amatha kuperekedwa.

Anthu omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi omwe ali ndi meningococcal meningitis ayenera kupatsidwa maantibayotiki kuti ateteze matenda.

Anthu awa ndi awa:

• Anthu apabanja
• Kukhala m'zipinda zogona
• Asitikali omwe amakhala moyandikana
• Omwe amalumikizana pafupipafupi komanso kwanthawi yayitali ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo

Kuchiza msanga kumawongolera zotsatira zake. Imfa ndiyotheka. Ana aang'ono ndi akulu azaka zopitilira 50 ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chomwalira.

Zovuta zazitali zingaphatikizepo:

• Kuwonongeka kwa ubongo
• Kutaya kwakumva
• Kupanga kwamadzimadzi mkati mwa chigaza komwe kumatsogolera kukutupa kwa ubongo (hydrocephalus)
• Kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi pakati pa chigaza ndi ubongo (subdural effusion)
• Kutupa kwa mtima waminyewa (myocarditis)
• Kugwidwa

Imbani 911 kapena nambala yadzidzidzi yakomweko kapena mupite kuchipinda chodzidzimutsa ngati mukukayikira kuti meningitis ili ndi mwana yemwe ali ndi izi:

• Kudyetsa zovuta
• Kulira kwakukulu
• Kukwiya
• Malungo osaneneka

Meningitis imatha kukhala matenda owopsa.

Tsekani olumikizana nawo mnyumba yomweyo, sukulu, kapena malo osamalira ana masana ayenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti azindikire zizindikiro zoyambirira zamatenda atangopezeka munthu woyamba. Mabanja onse komanso oyandikana nawo kwambiri ayenera kuyamba kumwa mankhwalawa posachedwa kuti apewe kufalikira kwa kachilomboka. Funsani omwe akukuthandizani za izi paulendo woyamba.

Nthawi zonse muziyesetsa kukhala aukhondo, monga kusamba m'manja musanadye kapena mutasintha thewera kapena mukamaliza kubafa.

Katemera wa meningococcus ndiwothandiza poletsa kufalikira. Pakadali pano akulimbikitsidwa kuti:

• Achinyamata
• Ophunzira aku Koleji mchaka chawo choyamba akukhala m'malo ogona
• Asitikali ankhondo
• Apaulendo kumadera ena adziko lapansi

Ngakhale ndizochepa, anthu omwe adalandira katemera amatha kukhalabe ndi matendawa.

Meninjaitisi ya meningococcal; Galamu alibe - meningococcus

• Zilonda za meningococcal kumbuyo
• Central dongosolo lamanjenje ndi zotumphukira zamanjenje
• Kuwerengera kwa maselo a CSF
• Chizindikiro cha Brudzinski cha meningitis
• Chizindikiro cha Kernig cha meningitis

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Matenda a menititis. www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html. Idasinthidwa pa Ogasiti 6, 2019. Idapezeka pa Disembala 1, 2020.

Pollard AJ, Sadarangani M. Neisseria meningitides (meningococcus). Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 218.

Stephens DS. Neisseria meningitidis. Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 211.