H chimfine meningitis

Meningitis ndi matenda amimbidwe yophimba ubongo ndi msana. Chophimba ichi chimatchedwa meninges.

Mabakiteriya ndi mtundu umodzi wa majeremusi omwe angayambitse matendawa. Haemophilus influenzae mtundu b ndi mtundu umodzi wa mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa matenda a meningitis.

H chimfine meningitis imayambitsidwa ndi Haemophilus influenzae lembani mabakiteriya. Matendawa siofanana ndi chimfine, chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo.

Katemera wa Hib asanachitike, H chimfine ndiye amene amatsogolera ku meningitis ya bakiteriya mwa ana ochepera zaka 5. Popeza katemerayu adayamba kupezeka ku United States, matenda amtunduwu samapezeka kwambiri mwa ana.

H chimfine meninjaitisi kumachitika pambuyo matenda chapamwamba kupuma. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amafalikira kuchokera m'mapapu ndi mpweya wopita kumwazi, kenako kumalo aubongo.

Zowopsa ndi izi:

• Kupita kusamalira ana
• Khansa
• Matenda a khutu (otitis media) ndi H chimfine matenda
• Wachibale yemwe ali ndi H chimfine matenda
• Mtundu wachimereka waku America
• Mimba
• Ukalamba
• Matenda a Sinus (sinusitis)
• Zilonda zapakhosi (pharyngitis)
• Matenda apamwamba opuma
• Kufooka kwa chitetezo cha mthupi

Zizindikiro zimabwera mwachangu, ndipo zimatha kuphatikiza:

• Malungo ndi kuzizira
• Maganizo amasintha
• Nseru ndi kusanza
• Kuzindikira kuwala (photophobia)
• Mutu wopweteka kwambiri
• Khosi lolimba (meningismus)

Zizindikiro zina zomwe zingachitike ndi monga:

• Kusokonezeka
• Kukula kwazithunzi m'makanda
• Kuchepetsa chidziwitso
• Kudyetsa koyipa komanso kukwiya kwa ana
• Kupuma mofulumira
• Kukhazikika kosazolowereka, mutu ndi khosi zitabwerera chammbuyo (opisthotonos)

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzayesa. Mafunso amayang'ana kwambiri pazizindikiro komanso kuwonekera kwa munthu yemwe angakhale ndi zofananazo, monga khosi lolimba ndi malungo.

Ngati dokotalayo akuganiza kuti meningitis ndiyotheka, kupunduka kwa lumbar (tapu ya msana) kumachitika kuti atenge nyemba zam'magazi (cerebrospinal fluid, kapena CSF) kuti ziyesedwe.

Mayesero ena omwe angachitike ndi awa:

• Chikhalidwe chamagazi
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Kujambula kwa CT pamutu
• Utoto wa gramu, mabanga ena apadera, ndi chikhalidwe cha CSF

Maantibayotiki adzapatsidwa posachedwa. Ceftriaxone ndi amodzi mwa maantibayotiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ampicillin nthawi zina amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Corticosteroids itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi kutupa, makamaka kwa ana.

Anthu opanda katemera omwe amakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi munthu amene ali nawo H chimfine meningitis ayenera kupatsidwa mankhwala opewera matenda. Anthu awa ndi awa:

• Anthu apabanja
• Kukhala m'zipinda zogona
• Iwo omwe amakhudzana kwambiri ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo

Meningitis ndi matenda owopsa ndipo amatha kupha. Mukachiritsidwa mwachangu, mpata wabwino kuti achire. Ana aang'ono ndi akulu azaka zopitilira 50 ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chofa.

Zovuta zazitali zingaphatikizepo:

• Kuwonongeka kwa ubongo
• Kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi pakati pa chigaza ndi ubongo (subdural effusion)
• Kupanga kwamadzimadzi mkati mwa chigaza komwe kumatsogolera kukutupa kwa ubongo (hydrocephalus)
• Kutaya kwakumva
• Kugwidwa

Imbani 911 kapena nambala yadzidzidzi yakomweko kapena mupite kuchipinda chodzidzimutsa ngati mukukayikira kuti meningitis ili ndi mwana yemwe ali ndi izi:

• Mavuto akudya
• Kulira kwakukulu
• Kukwiya
• Malungo osatha, osadziwika

Meningitis imatha kukhala matenda owopsa.

Ana ndi ana angatetezedwe ndi katemera wa Hib.

Tsekani olumikizana nawo mnyumba yomweyo, sukulu, kapena malo osamalira ana masana ayenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti azindikire zizindikiro zoyambirira zamatenda atangopezeka munthu woyamba. Achibale onse omwe alibe katemera komanso oyandikana nawo kwambiri ayenera kuyamba mankhwala a maantibayotiki posachedwa kuti athetse kufalikira kwa kachilomboka. Funsani omwe akukuthandizani za maantibayotiki paulendo woyamba.

Nthawi zonse muziyesetsa kukhala aukhondo, monga kusamba m'manja musanadye kapena mutasintha thewera, komanso mukamaliza kubafa.

H. influenzae meningitis; H. chimfine oumitsa khosi; Haemophilus influenzae mtundu b meninjaitisi

• Central dongosolo lamanjenje ndi zotumphukira zamanjenje
• Kuwerengera kwa maselo a CSF
• Haemophilus influenzae chamoyo

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Matenda a menititis. www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html. Idasinthidwa pa Ogasiti 6, 2019. Idapezeka pa Disembala 1, 2020.

Nath A. Meningitis: bakiteriya, mavairasi, ndi zina. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 384.

Hasbun R, Van de Beek D, Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR. Pachimake meninjaitisi. Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 87.