Kutupa kwa ubongo

Kuphulika kwa ubongo ndikutulutsa mafinya, maselo amthupi, ndi zinthu zina muubongo, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi matenda a bakiteriya kapena fungal.

Zotupa zamaubongo zimachitika kwambiri nthawi yomwe mabakiteriya kapena bowa zimafalikira mbali ina ya ubongo. Zotsatira zake, kutupa ndi kukwiya (kutupa) kumayamba.Maselo aubongo omwe ali ndi kachilombo, maselo oyera amwazi, mabakiteriya amoyo ndi akufa kapena bowa amasonkhana m'dera la ubongo. Mitundu ya minofu kuzungulira malowa ndikupanga misa kapena abscess.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timayambitsa ubongo titha kufika muubongo kudzera m'magazi. Kapena, amalowa muubongo mwachindunji, monga nthawi ya opaleshoni yaubongo. Nthawi zina, vuto lotuluka muubongo limayamba chifukwa cha matenda omwe amapezeka m'misunamo.

Gwero la matendawa nthawi zambiri silipezeka. Komabe, gwero lofala kwambiri ndi matenda am'mapapo. Nthawi zambiri, matenda amtima ndiye amayambitsa.

Otsatirawa akukweza mwayi wanu wokhala ndi chotupa chaubongo:

• Chitetezo chamthupi chofooka (monga anthu omwe ali ndi HIV / AIDS)
• Matenda osatha, monga khansa
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo (corticosteroids kapena chemotherapy)
• Matenda amtima obadwa nawo

Zizindikiro zimayamba pang'onopang'ono, pakadutsa milungu ingapo, kapena zimayamba mwadzidzidzi. Zitha kuphatikiza:

• Kusintha kwa malingaliro, monga kusokonezeka, kuyankha pang'onopang'ono kapena kuganiza, kulephera kuyang'ana, kapena kugona
• Kuchepetsa mphamvu yakumverera kutengeka
• Malungo ndi kuzizira
• Mutu, khunyu, kapena khosi lolimba
• Mavuto azilankhulo
• Kutayika kwa minofu, makamaka mbali imodzi
• Masomphenya akusintha
• Kusanza
• Kufooka

Kuyezetsa magazi ndi kwamanjenje (kwamitsempha) nthawi zambiri kumawonetsera kukakamizidwa mkati mwa chigaza komanso zovuta zamaubongo.

Kuyesera kuti mupeze vuto la ubongo kungaphatikizepo:

• Zikhalidwe zamagazi
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi (CBC)
• Mutu wa CT
• Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• MRI ya mutu
• Kuyesa kupezeka kwa ma antibodies ku majeremusi ena

Kawirikawiri singano ya singano imachitidwa kuti izindikire chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa.

Kutupa kwaubongo ndizovuta zamankhwala. Kupanikizika mkati mwa chigaza kumatha kukhala kokwanira kutha kupha moyo. Muyenera kukhala mchipatala mpaka zinthu zitakhala bwino. Anthu ena angafunike kuthandizidwa ndi moyo.

Mankhwala, osati opaleshoni, amalimbikitsidwa ngati muli:

• Thumba laling'ono (lochepera 2 cm)
• Thumba lakuya muubongo
• Abscess ndi meninjaitisi
• Ziphuphu zingapo (zosowa)
• Kusaka muubongo kwa hydrocephalus (nthawi zina, shunt imatha kuchotsedwa kwakanthawi kapena kusinthidwa)
• Matenda omwe amatchedwa toxoplasmosis mwa munthu yemwe ali ndi HIV / AIDS

Mutha kupatsidwa mitundu ingapo yamaantibayotiki kuti mutsimikizire kuti mankhwala akugwira ntchito.

Mankhwala opatsirana amatha kuperekedwanso ngati matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha bowa.

Kuchita opaleshoni kumafunika ngati:

• Kuwonjezeka kwapanikizika muubongo kukupitilira kapena kukulirakulira
• Kutupa kwaubongo sikuchepera pambuyo pa mankhwala
• Kutupa kwaubongo kumakhala ndi mpweya (wopangidwa ndi mitundu ina ya mabakiteriya)
• Kutupa kwa ubongo kumatha kutseguka (kutuluka)
• Kutupa kwaubongo ndi kwakukulu (kuposa 2 cm)

Kuchita opaleshoni kumaphatikizapo kutsegula chigaza, kuwonetsa ubongo, ndi kukhetsa abscess. Kuyesa kwa Laborator nthawi zambiri kumachitika kuti aone zamadzimadzi. Izi zimathandiza kuzindikira chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa, kuti mankhwala oyenera a maantibayotiki kapena mankhwala oletsa kupangidwira athe kuperekedwa.

Chikhumbo cha singano chotsogozedwa ndi CT kapena MRI scan chitha kufunikira pakaphulika kwambiri. Munthawi imeneyi, mankhwala amatha kubayidwa mwachindunji.

Ma diuretics ena (mankhwala omwe amachepetsa madzi m'thupi, amatchedwanso mapiritsi amadzi) ndi ma steroids atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuchepetsa kutupa kwa ubongo.

Ngati sanalandire chithandizo, vuto la ubongo limakhala loopsa nthawi zonse. Ndi chithandizo, kuchuluka kwaimfa kuli pafupifupi 10% mpaka 30%. Chithandizo choyambirira chimalandilidwa, ndibwino.

Anthu ena atha kukhala ndi mavuto amisala nthawi yayitali atachitidwa opaleshoni.

Zovuta zingaphatikizepo:

• Kuwonongeka kwa ubongo
• Meningitis yomwe ndi yoopsa komanso yowopseza moyo
• Kubwereranso (kubwereza) kwa matenda
• Kugwidwa

Pitani kuchipatala chodzidzimutsa kuchipatala kapena itanani nambala yadzidzidzi yakomweko (monga 911) ngati muli ndi zizindikilo za abscess yaubongo.

Mutha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi chotupa muubongo pochizidwa ndi matenda kapena mavuto azaumoyo omwe angawayambitse.

Anthu ena, kuphatikiza omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima, atha kulandira maantibayotiki asanayambe mano kapena njira zina zothandizira kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda.

Abscess - ubongo; Cerebral abscess; CNS abscess

• Opaleshoni ya ubongo - kutulutsa

• Amebic abscess ubongo
• Ubongo

Gea-Banacloche JC, Tunkel AR. Kutupa kwa ubongo. Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 90.

Nath A, Berger JR. Kutupa kwa ubongo ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 385.