Kuwonjezeka kwachangu

Kuwonjezeka kwa kupanikizika kosakwanira ndikutuluka kwa kupanikizika mkati mwa chigaza komwe kumatha kuyambitsa kapena kuvulaza ubongo.

Kuwonjezeka kwa kupanikizika kwapadera kungakhale chifukwa cha kukwera kwa kuthamanga kwa madzi a m'mimba. Awa ndiwo madzimadzi ozungulira ubongo ndi msana. Kuwonjezeka kwa kupanikizika kosakanikirana kungakhalenso chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu mkati mwa ubongo wokha. Izi zimatha kuyambitsidwa ndi misa (monga chotupa), kutuluka magazi muubongo kapena madzimadzi ozungulira ubongo, kapena kutupa mkati mwaubongo momwemo.

Kuwonjezeka kwa kupanikizika kwapadera ndi vuto lalikulu lachipatala. Kupanikizika kumatha kuwononga ubongo kapena msana mwa kukanikiza pazinthu zofunika komanso poletsa magazi kulowa muubongo.

Zinthu zambiri zimatha kukulitsa kukakamira. Zomwe zimayambitsa zimaphatikizapo:

• Kuphulika kwa Aneurysm ndi kukha magazi kwa subarachnoid
• Chotupa chaubongo
• Kukwiya kwa Encephalitis ndi kutupa, kapena kutupa, kwaubongo)
• Kuvulala pamutu
• Hydrocephalus (madzi owonjezera kuzungulira ubongo)
• Kutaya magazi kwambiri muubongo (kutuluka magazi muubongo kuchokera kuthamanga kwa magazi)
• Kutuluka kwa magazi m'mitsempha yam'mimba (kutuluka magazi m'malo amadzimadzi, kapena ma ventricles, mkati mwa ubongo)
• Meninjaitisi (matenda a nembanemba yophimba ubongo ndi msana)
• Subdural hematoma (kutuluka magazi pakati pa chophimba cha ubongo ndi pamwamba pa ubongo)
• Epidural hematoma (kutuluka magazi mkati mwa chigaza ndi chophimba chakunja cha ubongo)
• Kulanda
• Sitiroko

Makanda:

• Kusinza
• Osiyanasiyana sutures pa chigaza
• Kutupa kwa malo ofewa pamwamba pamutu (bulging fontanelle)
• Kusanza

Ana okalamba ndi akulu:

• Khalidwe limasintha
• Kuchepetsa kuchepa
• Mutu
• Kukonda
• Zizindikiro zamanjenje, kuphatikizapo kufooka, kufooka, mavuto amaso, komanso masomphenya awiri
• Kugwidwa
• Kusanza

Wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala nthawi zambiri amapangitsa kuti wodwalayo akhale pafupi ndi bedi m'chipinda chadzidzidzi kapena kuchipatala. Madokotala oyang'anira pulayimale nthawi zina amatha kuwona zisonyezo zoyambirira zakuchulukirachulukira monga kupweteka mutu, kugwidwa, kapena mavuto ena amanjenje.

Kujambula kwa MRI kapena CT pamutu kumatha kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa kupanikizika kosakwanira ndikutsimikizira kuti ali ndi vutoli.

Kupsinjika kwamkati kumatha kuyezedwa pakampope ka msana (kuboola lumbar). Ikhozanso kuyerekezedwa mwachindunji pogwiritsa ntchito chida chomwe chaboowedwa kudzera mu chigaza kapena chubu (catheter) chomwe chimalowetsedwa m'malo abowo muubongo wotchedwa ventricle.

Kuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi kwachangu kwadzidzidzi ndi mwadzidzidzi. Munthuyo amuthandizira kuchipatala cha anthu odwala mwakayakaya. Gulu lazachipatala lidzayeza ndikuwunika zizindikiritso zamunthu zamisala komanso zofunikira, kuphatikiza kutentha, kugunda, kupuma, komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Chithandizo chingaphatikizepo:

• Kupuma thandizo
• Kutulutsa madzi a cerebrospinal kuti muchepetse kuthamanga kwa ubongo
• Mankhwala ochepetsa kutupa
• Kuchotsa gawo la chigaza, makamaka masiku awiri oyamba a sitiroko yomwe imakhudza kutupa kwa ubongo

Ngati chotupa, kukha mwazi, kapena vuto lina ladzetsa kuchuluka kwa kupsinjika kwamphamvu, mavutowa adzachiritsidwa.

Kuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi kwapanikizika ndikowopsa ndipo nthawi zambiri kumawopseza moyo. Chithandizo chofulumira chimabweretsa chiyembekezo.

Ngati kupanikizika kowonjezeka kukankhira pazida zofunikira zaubongo ndi mitsempha yamagazi, kumatha kubweretsa mavuto akulu, osatha kapena imfa.

Vutoli nthawi zambiri silingapewe. Ngati mukumva kupweteka mutu, kusawona bwino, kusintha magwiridwe anu, mavuto amanjenje, kapena khunyu, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo.

ICP - yakweza; Kupanikizika kwapakati - kukwezedwa; Kuthamanga kwa magazi; Kuthamanga kwakukulu kosakanikirana; Kuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi kwapanikizika

• Ventriculoperitoneal shunt - kutulutsa

• Matenda a hematoma
• Central dongosolo lamanjenje ndi zotumphukira zamanjenje

Mpira JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW. Zochitika zadzidzidzi kapena zowopsa. Mu: Mpira JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW, eds. Upangiri wa Seidel ku Kuyesa Thupi. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chaputala 26.

Beaumont A. Physiology yamadzimadzi a cerebrospinal fluid and intracranial pressure. Mu: Winn HR, mkonzi. Opaleshoni ya Youmans ndi Winn Neurological. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 52.

Kelly AM Zadzidzidzi za Neurology. Mu: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, olemba. Buku Lophunzitsira la Mankhwala Achikulire Achikulire. Wolemba 4. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2015: 386-427.