Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala - inhalants

Inhalants ndi nthunzi zamankhwala zomwe zimapumidwa mwa cholinga kuti zizikwera.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kunayamba kutchuka m'ma 1960 ndi achinyamata omwe ankanunkhiza guluu. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, mitundu ina ya inhalants yatchuka. Mavitamini amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi achinyamata komanso ana azaka zopita kusukulu, ngakhale akuluakulu nthawi zina amawagwiritsanso ntchito.

Mayina amisewu okhudzana ndi inhalants amaphatikizira kuphulika kwa mpweya, kulimba mtima, chroming, discorama, chisangalalo, hippie ufa, mpweya wa mwezi, oz, mphika wa munthu wosauka, kuthamanga, omenyera, zikwapu, ndi kuyera.

Zinthu zambiri zapakhomo zimakhala ndi mankhwala osasinthasintha. Kusakhazikika kumatanthauza kuti mankhwala amatulutsa nthunzi, zomwe zimatha kupumira mpweya (kupumira). Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya mankhwala oponderezedwa ndi awa:

• Ma aerosol, monga mpweya wabwino, zonunkhiritsa, zotchinjiriza nsalu, kutsitsi tsitsi, kutsitsi mafuta mafuta, ndi kupopera utoto.
• Mpweya, monga butane (madzi opepuka), kutsuka makompyuta, freon, helium, nitrous oxide (mpweya woseketsa), womwe umapezeka muzotengera zonona, ndi propane.
• Ma nitriti, omwe sagulitsidwanso movomerezeka. Ma nitrites akagulidwa mosaloledwa, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "zotsukira zikopa," "fungo lamadzi," "chipinda chonunkhira," kapena "kutsuka mutu wamavidiyo."
• Zosungunulira, monga kukonzanso madzimadzi, degreaser, gulu lowumitsa mwachangu, chikhomo chodzikongoletsera, mafuta, chotsitsa cha msomali, ndi utoto wocheperako.

Inhalants amapumidwa kudzera mkamwa kapena mphuno. Slang mawu amtunduwu ndi awa:

• Kulongedza. Kulowetsa mpweya m'thupi mwathu atapopera kapena kuuika mu pepala kapena thumba la pulasitiki.
• Kusintha. Kutulutsa mpweya kuchokera kubaluni.
• Phulusa. Kuwaza aerosol m'mphuno kapena mkamwa.
• Kukula. Kulowetsa mpweya wabwino.
• Kudzikuza.Kutulutsa mpweya kuchokera pachisanza chonyowa ndi chinthucho kenako nkugwiranso kumaso kapena kukodzedwa pakamwa.
• Kununkhiza. Kulowetsa zinthu m'mphuno.
• Kukwapula. Kulowetsa mankhwala kudzera pakamwa.

Zinthu zina zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungitsa mankhwala opumira zimaphatikizira zitini zopanda soda, mabotolo opanda mafuta, ndi machubu apapepala achimbudzi odzaza nsanza kapena pepala lachimbudzi lodzaza ndi mankhwalawo.

Akapuma, mankhwalawo amalowetsedwa m'mapapu. M'masekondi ochepa, mankhwalawo amapita muubongo, ndikupangitsa kuti munthu amve kuledzera, kapena kukwera. Kukwera pamwamba nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo kukhala wokondwa komanso wosangalala, kumverera kofanana ndi kuledzera ndikumwa mowa.

Mankhwala ena amachititsa ubongo kumasula dopamine. Dopamine ndi mankhwala omwe amakhudzidwa ndimalingaliro ndi kuganiza. Amatchedwanso kuti ubongo wabwino wa mankhwala.

Chifukwa chakuti kutalika kumatenga mphindi zochepa, ogwiritsa ntchito amayesetsa kuti azikhala motalika mwa kupuma mobwerezabwereza kwa maola angapo.

Mitengo ya nitriti ndi yosiyana ndi inhalants ena. Nitrites amakulitsa mitsempha yamagazi ndipo mtima umagunda mwachangu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti munthuyo azimva kutentha komanso kusangalala. Nthawi zambiri ma nitrites amalimbikitsidwa kuti athetse magwiridwe antchito m'malo mokwera.

Mankhwala mu inhalants amatha kuvulaza thupi m'njira zambiri, kumabweretsa mavuto azaumoyo monga:

• Kuwonongeka kwa mafupa
• Kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi
  
• Coma
• Kutaya kwakumva
• Mavuto amtima, monga mayendedwe osakhazikika kapena othamanga
• Kutaya matumbo ndi kuwongolera kwamikodzo
• Kusintha kwa zinthu, monga kusasamala za chilichonse (mphwayi), nkhanza, kusokonezeka, kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo, kapena kukhumudwa
• Mavuto osatha aminyewa, monga dzanzi, kulira kwa manja ndi mapazi, kufooka, ndi kunjenjemera

Inhalants amathanso kupha:

• Malingaliro osasinthasintha kapena othamanga a mtima amatha kupangitsa mtima kusiya kupopa magazi mthupi lonse. Vutoli limatchedwa kuti kununkhiza mwadzidzidzi.
• Kudzuka kumatha chifukwa mapapu ndi ubongo sizipeza mpweya wokwanira. Izi zitha kuchitika milingo ya nthunzi ya mankhwala ikakhala yayikulu mthupi kotero kuti imatenga malo a mpweya m'magazi. Kukwanitsa kumathanso kuchitika ngati thumba la pulasitiki litayikidwa pamutu panu mutanyamula (kutulutsa mpweya muthumba).

Anthu omwe amalowetsa nitrites ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza kachilombo ka HIV / Edzi komanso matenda a chiwindi a B ndi C. Izi ndichifukwa choti ma nitrites amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokweza magwiridwe antchito. Anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito nitrites atha kugonana mosatetezeka.

Inhalants imatha kubweretsa zilema zikagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yapakati.

Anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kuledzera nawo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti malingaliro ndi thupi lawo zimadalira ma inhalants. Satha kuwongolera momwe amagwiritsira ntchito ndipo amafunikira (kuwalakalaka) kuti adutse moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.

Kuledzera kumatha kubweretsa kulolerana. Kulolerana kumatanthauza kuti zochulukirapo za inhalant zimafunika kuti zizimva chimodzimodzi. Ndipo ngati munthuyo akufuna kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito inhalant, zomwe zimachitika zimatha kubwera. Izi zimatchedwa zizindikiritso zakutha ndipo zimatha kuphatikiza:

• Zolakalaka zamphamvu za mankhwalawa
• Kukhala ndimasinthidwe kuchokera pakumva kupsinjika mpaka kukwiya mpaka kuda nkhawa
• Osatha kuyika chidwi

Zochita zathupi zimatha kuphatikizira kupweteka mutu, zopweteka ndi zowawa, kuchuluka kwa njala, komanso kusagona bwino.

Sizovuta nthawi zonse kudziwa ngati wina akugwiritsa ntchito mpweya. Chenjerani ndi izi:

• Mpweya kapena zovala zimanunkhiza ngati mankhwala
• Kukhosomola ndi mphuno nthawi zonse
• Maso ndi madzi kapena ana ali otseguka (otambasuka)
• Kumva kutopa nthawi zonse
• Kumva kapena kuwona zinthu zomwe kulibe (kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo)
• Kubisa zotengera zopanda pake m'nyumba kapena nsanza
• Maganizo amasintha kapena kukwiya komanso kukwiya popanda chifukwa
• Palibe njala, nseru ndi kusanza, kuonda
• Utoto kapena zipsera kumaso, manja, kapena zovala
• Kutupa kapena matuza kumaso

Chithandizo chimayamba ndikazindikira vuto. Gawo lotsatira ndikupeza thandizo ndi chithandizo.

Mapulogalamu azachipatala amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosinthira machitidwe popereka upangiri (chithandizo chamankhwala). Cholinga ndikuti athandize munthuyo kumvetsetsa machitidwe ake komanso chifukwa chomwe amagwiritsira ntchito zinthu zopumira. Kuphatikizira abale ndi abwenzi panthawi yolangiza kumatha kuthandiza kuthandizira munthuyo kuti aleke kugwiritsa ntchito (kubwerera).

Pakadali pano, palibe mankhwala omwe angathandize kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma inhalants poletsa zovuta zawo. Koma, asayansi akufufuza za mankhwalawa.

Pamene munthuyo akuchira, limbikitsani zotsatirazi kuti muteteze kuyambiranso:

• Pitilizani kupita kuchipatala.
• Pezani zochitika ndi zolinga zatsopano m'malo mwa zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mosavutikira.
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikudya zakudya zabwino. Kusamalira thupi kumathandizira kuchira pazotsatira zoyipa za ma inhalants.
• Pewani zoyambitsa. Zomwe zimayambitsa izi zimatha kukhala anthu komanso abwenzi omwe munthu amagwiritsira ntchito ma inhalants. Zitha kukhalanso malo, zinthu, kapena zotengeka zomwe zingamupangitse munthuyo kuti agwiritsenso ntchito.

Zida zothandizira ndi monga:

• LifeRing - www.lifering.org/
• Alliance for Consumer Education - Inhalant Abuse - www.consumered.org/programs/inhalant-abuse-prevention
• National Institute on Abuse Abuse for Teens - teens.drugabuse.gov/drug-facts/inhalants
• Kubwezeretsa kwa SMART - www.smartrecovery.org/
• Mgwirizano wa Ana Opanda Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo - drugfree.org/

Kwa achikulire, pulogalamu yothandizira ogwira nawo ntchito (EAP) ndichinthu chabwino.

Itanani nthawi yoti mudzakumane ndi wothandizira zaumoyo wanu ngati inu kapena munthu wina yemwe mumamudziwa ali wokonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndipo akusowa thandizo kuti asiye. Muyimbenso ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zakusowa komwe kumakudetsani nkhawa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo - inhalants; Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo - inhalants; Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo - inhalants; Glue - inhalants

National Institute on Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza bongo. Kupuma mankhwala osokoneza bongo. www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/inhalants. Idasinthidwa mu Epulo 2020. Idapezeka pa June 26, 2020.

Nguyen J, O'Brien C, Schapp S. Achinyamata amagwiritsa ntchito njira zopewera, kuwunika, ndi chithandizo: kaphatikizidwe ka zolemba. Int J Ndondomeko Ya Zamankhwala. 2016; 31: 15-24. PMID: 26969125 adatulutsidwa.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26969125/.

Bungwe la Breuner CC. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 140.

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