Matenda osokoneza bongo

Matenda a chitetezo cha mthupi amachitika pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chimachepetsedwa kapena kulibe.

Chitetezo chamthupi chimapangidwa ndi minofu yama lymphoid mthupi, yomwe imaphatikizapo:

• M'mafupa
• Matenda am'mimba
• Mbali za ndulu ndi m'mimba
• Thymus
• Tonsils

Mapuloteni ndi maselo m'magazi nawonso ali gawo la chitetezo chamthupi.

Chitetezo cha mthupi chimateteza thupi ku zinthu zoyipa zotchedwa ma antigen. Zitsanzo za ma antigen ndi monga mabakiteriya, mavairasi, poizoni, maselo a khansa, ndi magazi akunja kapena ziwalo za munthu wina kapena nyama.

Chitetezo cha mthupi chikazindikira antigen, imayankha ndikupanga mapuloteni otchedwa ma antibodies omwe amawononga zinthu zoyipa. Kuyankha kwa chitetezo cha mthupi kumakhudzanso njira yotchedwa phagocytosis. Munthawi imeneyi, maselo oyera ammeza ndi kuwononga mabakiteriya ndi zinthu zina zakunja. Mapuloteni omwe amatchedwa kuti othandizira amathandizira pantchitoyi.

Matenda a immunodeficiency angakhudze mbali iliyonse ya chitetezo cha mthupi. Nthawi zambiri, izi zimachitika ngati maselo amwazi oyera apadera otchedwa T kapena B lymphocyte (kapena onse awiri) sagwira ntchito bwino kapena thupi lanu silitulutsa ma antibodies okwanira.

Mavuto obwera m'thupi omwe amakhudza ma B ndi awa:

• Hypogammaglobulinemia, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayambitsa matenda opuma komanso m'mimba
• Agammaglobulinemia, yomwe imabweretsa matenda opatsirana msanga, ndipo nthawi zambiri imapha

Matenda obadwa nawo omwe amakhudza ma T amtunduwu amatha kuyambitsa matenda a Candida (yisiti). Kutengera kwa thupi kophatikizana kumatengera maselo a T ndi ma B. Itha kukhala yakupha mchaka choyamba cha moyo ngati singachiritsidwe msanga.

Anthu amanenedwa kuti amatetezedwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi akakhala ndi vuto losowa chitetezo m'thupi chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe amafooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi (monga corticosteroids). Kupsinjika kwa chitetezo chamthupi ndichinthu chofala chokhudza chemotherapy yomwe imaperekedwa kuti ithetse khansa.

Kuperewera kwa chitetezo cha mthupi kungakhale vuto la matenda monga HIV / AIDS ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi (makamaka ngati munthuyo samadya mapuloteni okwanira). Khansa zambiri zingayambitsenso kusowa kwa thupi m'thupi.

Anthu omwe adachotsa nthata zawo ali ndi vuto la kuperewera kwa thupi m'thupi, ndipo ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka bakiteriya komwe nthendayo imatha kulimbana nayo. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga nawonso ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda ena.

Mukamakula, chitetezo cha mthupi chimayamba kuchepa. Matupi a chitetezo cha mthupi (makamaka minofu ya lymphoid monga thymus) imachepa, ndipo kuchuluka ndi magwiridwe antchito am'magazi oyera amagwa.

Zinthu ndi matenda otsatirawa atha kubweretsa vuto la immunodeficiency:

• Ataxia-telangiectasia
• Malizitsani zofooka
• Matenda a DiGeorge
• Hypogammaglobulinemia
• Matenda a Yobu
• Kulemala kwa leukocyte kumamatira
• Agammaglobulinemia
• Matenda a Wiskott-Aldrich

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu angaganize kuti muli ndi vuto la immunodeficiency ngati muli:

• Matenda omwe amabwerera mmbuyo kapena osatha
• Matenda owopsa ochokera kubakiteriya kapena majeremusi ena omwe samayambitsa matenda kwambiri

Zizindikiro zina ndizo:

• Kusayankha bwino kwa mankhwala opatsirana
• Kuchedwa kapena kuchira pang'ono matenda
• Mitundu ina ya khansa (monga Kaposi sarcoma kapena non-Hodgkin lymphoma)
• Matenda ena (kuphatikiza mitundu ina ya chibayo kapena kubwereza yisiti)

Zizindikiro zimadalira matendawa. Mwachitsanzo, iwo omwe ali ndi magawo ochepera a IgA kuphatikiza magawo ena ochepera a IgG atha kukhala ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi mapapu, sinus, makutu, pakhosi, komanso kugaya chakudya.

Mayeso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira kupeza matenda amthupi amatha kuphatikiza:

• Onjezerani magazi, kapena mayeso ena kuti muyese zinthu zomwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimatulutsa
• Kuyezetsa HIV
• Magulu a Immunoglobulin m'magazi
• Mapuloteni electrophoresis (magazi kapena mkodzo)
• T (thymus yotengedwa) kuchuluka kwa ma lymphocyte
• Kuwerengera kwa maselo oyera a magazi

Cholinga cha mankhwalawa ndikuteteza matenda ndikutenga matenda aliwonse omwe amapezeka.

Ngati muli ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, muyenera kupewa kucheza ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana kapena opatsirana. Muyenera kupewa anthu omwe adalandira katemera wa katemera wamoyo m'masabata awiri apitawa.

Mukakhala ndi matenda, omwe amakuthandizani adzakuchitirani nkhanza. Izi zitha kuphatikizira kugwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali mankhwala opha tizilombo kapena antifungal popewa matenda kuti abwerere.

Interferon amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi mitundu ina ya khansa. Ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chiteteze bwino.

Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV / Edzi amatha kumwa mankhwala osakaniza kuti achepetse kachilombo ka HIV mthupi lawo ndikuteteza chitetezo chawo.

Anthu omwe akufuna kukonza ndulu ayenera kulandira katemera masabata awiri asanachitike opareshoni yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya monga Chibayo cha Streptococcus ndipo Haemophilus influenzae. Anthu omwe sanalandirepo katemera m'mbuyomu kapena alibe chitetezo chokwanira ayeneranso kulandira MMR, ndi katemera wa nthomba. Kuphatikiza apo, tikulimbikitsidwanso kuti anthu azitenga katemera wa DTaP kapena kuwombera kofunikira pakufunika.

Kusintha kwa mafupa a mafupa kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ena obwera m'thupi.

Chitetezo chokwanira (kulandira ma antibodies opangidwa ndi munthu wina kapena nyama) nthawi zina amalimbikitsidwa kuti muteteze matenda mutapezeka ndi mabakiteriya kapena ma virus.

Anthu omwe ali ndi ma immunoglobulins ochepa kapena osapezeka amatha kuthandizidwa ndi intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), yoperekedwa kudzera mumtsempha.

Zovuta zina za kuchepa kwa chitetezo cha m'thupi ndizochepa ndipo zimayambitsa matenda nthawi ndi nthawi. Ena ndi owopsa ndipo amatha kufa. Chitetezo cha chitetezo cha mthupi chifukwa cha mankhwala nthawi zambiri chimatha mankhwala atayimitsidwa.

Zovuta zamatenda a immunodeficiency atha kukhala:

• Matenda omwe amapezeka pafupipafupi kapena mosalekeza
• Kuchulukitsa chiwopsezo cha khansa kapena zotupa
• Kuchulukitsa chiwopsezo cha matenda

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani nthawi yomweyo ngati muli pa chemotherapy kapena corticosteroids ndipo mukukula:

• Malungo a 100.5 ° F (38 ° C) kapena kupitilira apo
• Chifuwa ndi mpweya wochepa
• Kupweteka m'mimba
• Zizindikiro zina zatsopano

Pitani kuchipinda chodzidzimutsa kapena itanani nambala yadzidzidzi yakomweko (monga 911) ngati muli ndi khosi lolimba komanso mutu wopweteka ndi malungo.

Lumikizanani ndi omwe amakupatsani ngati mwabwereza matenda opatsirana yisiti kapena thrush m'kamwa.

Palibe njira yodziwika yopewera matenda obadwa nawo opatsirana m'thupi. Ngati muli ndi mbiri yakunyumba yamavuto amthupi, mungafunefune upangiri wamtundu.

Kugonana motetezeka ndikupewa kugawana madzi amthupi kumathandiza kupewa HIV / AIDS. Funsani omwe akukuthandizani ngati mankhwala otchedwa Truvada ndiabwino kuti muteteze kachirombo ka HIV.

Chakudya chabwino chingalepheretse kuperewera kwa thupi m'thupi chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi.

Kuponderezedwa; Kutetezedwa ndi chitetezo - chitetezo chamthupi; Kutetezedwa ndi chitetezo chamthupi - chitetezo chamthupi; Hypogammaglobulinemia - chitetezo chamthupi; Agammaglobulinemia - chitetezo chamthupi

• Ma antibodies

Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S. Congenital ndikupeza ma immunodeficiency. Mu: Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S, olemba. Ma Immunology Yama cell ndi Ma Molekyulu. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 21.

Bonanni P, Grazzini M, Niccolai G, ndi al. Katemera wovomerezeka wa odwala achikulire a asplenic ndi hyposplenic. Hum Vaccin Wina. 2017; 13 (2): 359-368. (Adasankhidwa) PMID: 27929751 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27929751/.

Cunningham-Rundles C. Matenda oyambira m'thupi. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 236.