Kumvetsetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere

Zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya m'mawere ndi zinthu zomwe zimakulitsa mwayi woti mutenge khansa. Zina mwaziwopsezo zomwe mutha kuwongolera, monga kumwa mowa. Zina, monga mbiri ya banja, simungathe kuwongolera.

Zomwe mumakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu, chiwopsezo chanu chimakulirakulira. Komabe, sizitanthauza kuti mwamtheradi mudzakhala ndi khansa. Amayi ambiri omwe amatenga khansa ya m'mawere alibe zoopsa zilizonse kapena mbiri yakubanja.

Kumvetsetsa zoopsa zanu kungakupatseni chithunzi chabwino cha zomwe mungachite kuti muteteze khansa ya m'mawere.

Zowopsa zomwe simungathe kuzilamulira ndizo:

• Zaka. Chiopsezo chanu cha khansa ya m'mawere chikuwonjezeka mukamakula. Khansa zambiri zimapezeka mwa amayi azaka 55 kapena kupitilira apo.
• Kusintha kwa majini. Kusintha kwa majini okhudzana ndi khansa ya m'mawere, monga BRCA1, BRCA2, ndi ena kumawonjezera chiopsezo chanu. Kusintha kwa majini kumakhala pafupifupi 10% mwa milandu yonse ya khansa ya m'mawere.
• Minyewa yambiri yamawere. Kukhala ndi minofu ya m'mawere yochulukirapo komanso mafuta ochepera mafuta kumaonjezera ngozi. Komanso, minofu yolimba ya m'mawere imatha kupangitsa zotupa kukhala zovuta kuziwona pa mammography.
• Kuwonetsedwa kwa ma radiation. Chithandizo chothandizira ma radiation pakhoma pachifuwa ngati mwana chitha kukulitsa chiopsezo.
• Mbiri ya banja la khansa ya m'mawere. Ngati amayi anu, mlongo, kapena mwana wanu adapezeka ndi khansa ya m'mawere, muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
• Mbiri yanga ya khansa ya m'mawere. Ngati mwakhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere, muli pachiwopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere kubwerera.
• Mbiri ya khansa ya m'mimba.
• Maselo achilendo omwe amapezeka nthawi yachisokonezo. Ngati minofu yanu ya m'mawere inayesedwa mu labu ndipo inali ndi zovuta zina (koma osati khansa), chiopsezo chanu ndi chachikulu.
• Mbiri yakubala ndi msambo. Kutenga nthawi yanu musanakwanitse zaka 12, kuyamba kutha msinkhu mutatha zaka 55, kutenga pakati mutakwanitsa zaka 30, kapena kusakhala ndi pakati zonse zimawonjezera chiopsezo chanu.
• DES (Diethylstilbestrol). Imeneyi inali mankhwala operekedwa kwa amayi apakati pakati pa 1940 ndi 1971. Amayi omwe adatenga DES panthawi yapakati kuti ateteze padera anali pachiwopsezo chochepa pang'ono.Azimayi omwe adapezeka ndi mankhwalawa m'mimba adakhalanso pachiwopsezo chokulirapo.

Zowopsa zomwe mutha kuwongolera ndi izi:

• Thandizo la radiation. Mankhwala othandizira ma radiation pachifuwa asanakwanitse zaka 30 amachulukitsa chiopsezo chanu.
• Kumwa mowa. Mukamamwa mowa kwambiri, mumakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitalimankhwala a mahomoni. Kutenga estrogen ndi progestin limodzi kusamba kwa zaka 5 kapena kupitilira apo kumawonjezera ngozi. Sizikudziwika ngati, kapena kuchuluka kwake, kumwa mapiritsi oletsa kubereka omwe ali ndi estrogen kumawonjezera ngozi.
• Kulemera. Akazi onenepa kwambiri kapena onenepa pambuyo pa kusamba amakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu kuposa azimayi olemera kwambiri.
• Kusagwira ntchito. Amayi omwe samachita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse pamoyo wawo akhoza kukhala ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka.

Chifukwa choti muli ndi zoopsa zomwe simungathe kuletsa sizikutanthauza kuti simungathe kuchitapo kanthu kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu. Yambani posintha zina ndi zina pamoyo wanu ndikukhala ndi othandizira azaumoyo. Nazi zinthu zina zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere:

• Pitirizani kulemera bwino.
• Muzichita masewera olimbitsa thupi osachepera maola 4 pa sabata.
• Pewani mowa, kapena musamwe zakumwa zoledzeretsa zosapitirira chimodzi patsiku.
• Ngati ndi kotheka, muchepetse kapena muchepetse cheza kuchokera kumayeso azithunzi, makamaka mukamatha msinkhu.
• Kuyamwitsa, ngati kuli kotheka, kungachepetse chiopsezo chanu.
• Lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsirani za kuwopsa kwake ndi maubwino ake musanamwe mankhwala a mahomoni. Mungafune kupewa kumwa estrogen pamodzi ndi progesterone kapena progestin.
• Ngati muli ndi mbiri yapa khansa ya m'mawere, funsani omwe akukuthandizani za kuyesa kwa majini.
• Ngati muli ndi zaka zopitilira 35, ndipo muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya m'mawere, lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsirani mankhwala kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere poletsa kapena kuchepetsa ma estrogen m'mthupi. Amaphatikizapo tamoxifen, raloxifene, ndi aromatase inhibitors.
• Ngati muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu, lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsirani za opaleshoni yodzitetezera kuti muchotse minofu ya m'mawere (mastectomy). Ikhoza kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu ndi 90%.
• Ganizirani za opaleshoni kuti muchotse mazira anu. Idzachepetsa estrogen m'thupi ndipo imatha kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere ndi 50%.

Madera ena sakudziwika kapena sanatsimikizidwebe. Kafukufuku akuyang'ana zinthu monga kusuta fodya, zakudya, mankhwala, ndi mitundu ya mapiritsi oletsa kubereka ngati zoopsa zomwe zingachitike. Lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani ngati mukufuna kulowa nawo kuchipatala popewa khansa ya m'mawere.

Muyenera kuyimbira omwe akukuthandizani ngati:

• Muli ndi mafunso kapena nkhawa zokhudzana ndi chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere.
• Mukusangalatsidwa ndi kuyesa kwa majini, mankhwala othandizira, kapena chithandizo chamankhwala.
• Mukuyenera chifukwa cha mammogram.

Carcinoma-lobular - chiopsezo; DCIS; LCIS ​​- chiopsezo; Ductal carcinoma in situ - chiopsezo; Lobular carcinoma in situ - chiopsezo; Khansa ya m'mawere - kupewa; Kuopsa kwa khansa ya m'mawere ya BRCA

Henry NL, Shah PD, Haider I, Freer PE, Jagsi R, Sabel MS. Khansa ya m'mawere. Mu: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, olemba. Chipatala cha Abeloff's Oncology. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 88.

Moyer VA; Gulu Lachitetezo la U.S. Kuwunika zowopsa, upangiri wa majini, ndi kuyesa kwa majini kwa khansa yokhudzana ndi BRCA mwa akazi: Ndemanga yothandizidwa ndi US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2014; 160 (4): 271-281. PMID: 24366376 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24366376/.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Kupewa khansa ya m'mawere (PDQ) - mtundu wa akatswiri azaumoyo. www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/breast-prevention-pdq. Idasinthidwa pa Epulo 29, 2020. Idapezeka pa Okutobala 24, 2020.

Siu AL; Gulu Lachitetezo la U.S. Kuunika kwa khansa ya m'mawere: Ndemanga ya US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2016; 164 (4): 279-296. [Adasankhidwa] PMID: 26757170 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26757170/.

• Khansa ya m'mawere