Khansa ya pakhungu

Melanoma ndi khansa yapakhungu yoopsa kwambiri. Komanso ndichosowa kwambiri. Ndicho chimayambitsa kufa kwa matenda akhungu.

Mitundu ina yodziwika bwino ya khansa yapakhungu ndi squamous cell carcinoma ndi basal cell carcinoma.

Matenda a khansa yapamtima amayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa maselo a khungu otchedwa melanocytes. Maselowa amapanga khungu lamtundu wotchedwa melanin. Melanin ndi amene amachititsa khungu ndi tsitsi.

Melanoma imatha kuoneka pakhungu labwinobwino. Nthawi zina zimatha kukula kuchokera ku timadontho. Timadontho tomwe timakhalapo pakubadwa titha kukhala melanomas. Timadontho tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhalapo pobadwa titha kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa ya khansa.

Pali mitundu inayi yayikulu ya khansa ya khansa:

• Pafupipafupi kufalitsa khansa ya pakhungu ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri imakhala yopyapyala komanso yopanda mawonekedwe komanso mtundu, imakhala ndi mitundu yakuda ndi yakuda. Amakonda kwambiri anthu akhungu loyera.
• Khansa ya khansa ya pakhungu Nthawi zambiri imayamba ngati dera lokwezeka lomwe lili ndi buluu wakuda kapena buluu. Ena alibe mtundu uliwonse (amelanotic melanoma).
• Lentigo maligna khansa ya pakhungu Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa anthu achikulire. Amakonda kwambiri khungu lowonongeka ndi dzuwa kumaso, khosi, ndi mikono. Malo achilendo akhungu nthawi zambiri amakhala akulu, osalala, ndi owotcha okhala ndi bulauni.
• Khansa ya khansa ya lentaninous melanoma ndiye mawonekedwe wamba. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pazikhatho, zidendene, kapena pansi pa misomali.

Chiopsezo chotenga khansa ya khansa chikuwonjezeka ndi msinkhu. Komabe, achinyamata ambiri akukula.

Mutha kukhala ndi khansa ya khansa ngati:

• Khalani ndi khungu loyera, buluu kapena maso obiriwira, kapena tsitsi lofiira kapena lofiira
• Khalani m'malo otentha kapena kumtunda
• Amakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri padzuwa lamphamvu chifukwa cha ntchito kapena zochitika zina
• Wakhala ndikutenthedwa ndi dzuwa kamodzi kapena zingapo ali mwana
• Gwiritsani ntchito zida zofufuta nsalu, monga mabedi osenda nsalu

Zina mwaziwopsezo ndizo:

• Kukhala ndi achibale apamtima a khansa ya pakhungu
• Mitundu ina ya timadontho (atypical kapena dysplastic) kapena zizindikilo zambiri zobadwa nazo
• Chitetezo chofooka chifukwa cha matenda kapena mankhwala

Mole, zilonda, chotupa, kapena kukula pakhungu kungakhale chizindikiro cha khansa ya khansa kapena khansa ina yapakhungu. Zilonda kapena kukula komwe kumatuluka magazi, kapena kusintha mtundu kungakhalenso chizindikiro cha khansa yapakhungu.

Pulogalamu ya ABCDE dongosolo lingakuthandizeni kukumbukira zomwe zingayambitse khansa ya khansa:

• Azofananira: Hafu imodzi yamalo osadziwika ndi yosiyana ndi theka lina.
• Bmalamulo: Mphepete mwa kukula ndikosazolowereka.
• C.olor: Mtundu umasintha kuchokera kudera lina kupita kumalo ena, ndi utoto wa utoto, bulauni, kapena wakuda, ndipo nthawi zina zoyera, zofiira, kapena zamtambo. Kusakaniza kwamitundu kumatha kuwoneka mkati mwa chilonda chimodzi.
• Dutali: Malowa nthawi zambiri amakhala (koma osati nthawi zonse) opitilira 5 mm m'mimba mwake - kukula kwa chofufutira pensulo.
• Evolution: Mole imasinthabe mawonekedwe.

Njira yina yofufuzira zotheka khansa ya khansa ndi "chizindikiro choyipa cha bakha." Izi zikutanthauza kuti khansa ya khansa siziwoneka ngati malo ena aliwonse mthupi. Imaima ngati kamwana koipa munkhani ya ana.

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu amayang'ana khungu lanu ndikuyang'ana kukula, mawonekedwe, utoto, ndi kapangidwe ka malo aliwonse okayikira omwe ali ndi dermatoscope.

Ngati wothandizirayo akuganiza kuti mwina muli ndi khansa yapakhungu, chidutswa cha khungu lomwe limatulukacho chimachotsedwa. Izi zimatchedwa biopsy khungu. Chitsanzocho chimatumizidwa ku labu kukayesedwa ndi microscope.

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy itha kuchitidwa mwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi khansa ya khansa kuti awone ngati khansara yafalikira ku ma lymph node apafupi.

Khansa ya khansa ikapezeka, CT scan kapena mitundu ina ya x-ray itha kuchitidwa kuti muwone ngati khansara yafalikira.

Nthawi zambiri opaleshoni imafunikira kuchiza khansa ya khansa. Khansa yapakhungu ndi madera ena oyandikira adzachotsedwa. Kuchuluka kwa khungu lomwe limachotsedwa kumatengera kukula kwa khansa ya pakhungu.

Ngati khansara yafalikira ku ma lymph node apafupi, ma lymph node amathanso kuchotsedwa. Mukatha kuchitidwa opaleshoni, kutengera kubwera kwa matendawa, mutha kulandira chemotherapy kapena immunotherapy.

Chithandizo chimakhala chovuta kwambiri khansa ya khansa ikafalikira ku ziwalo zina. Chithandizo chimaphatikizapo kuchepa khansa yapakhungu ndikuchiza khansa m'malo ena amthupi. Mutha kulandira:

• Chemotherapy: Mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha maselo a khansa mwachindunji.
• Immunotherapy: Izi zimaphatikizapo mankhwala monga interferon othandizira chitetezo chamthupi chanu kulimbana ndi khansa, kapena mankhwala ena omwe amalimbikitsa chitetezo chamthupi chanu kupeza ma cell a khansa ndikuwapha. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi chemotherapy komanso opaleshoni.
• Chithandizo cha ma radiation: Izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupha ma cell a khansa.
• Opaleshoni: Opaleshoni itha kuchitidwa kuti ichotse khansa yomwe yafalikira mbali zina za thupi. Izi zachitika kuti muchepetse ululu kapena zovuta zomwe zimakhudzana ndi khansa yomwe ikukula.
• Mankhwala apakhungu: Amalimbitsa chitetezo chamthupi mdera lanu.

Ngati muli ndi khansa ya khansa yomwe ndi yovuta kuchiza, mungaganizire kulembetsa mayeso azachipatala. Funsani dokotala wanu kuti mumve zambiri. Ochita kafukufuku akupitiliza kuphunzira zamankhwala atsopano.

Mutha kuchepetsa nkhawa zamankhwala ndikulowa nawo gulu lothandizira khansa. Kugawana ndi ena omwe akumana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo kungakuthandizeni kuti musamve nokha.

Zotsatira zotsatirazi zitha kupereka zambiri pa khansa ya khansa:

• National Cancer Institute - www.cancer.gov/about-nci
• Gulu la American Cancer - www.cancer.org/cancer/melanoma-skin-cancer
• American Melanoma Foundation - melanomafoundation.org/

Momwe mumakhalira bwino zimatengera zinthu zambiri, kuphatikiza momwe khansa idapezidwira posachedwa, komanso momwe yayandikira.

Atangoyamba kumene, khansa yambiri imatha kuchiritsidwa.

Melanoma yomwe ndi yakuya kwambiri kapena yafalikira ku ma lymph node imatha kubwerera pambuyo pa chithandizo. Ngati yakuya kupitilira 4 mm kapena yafalikira kumatenda am'mimba, khansa imatha kufalikira kumatenda ena ndi ziwalo zina.

Ngati mwadwala khansa yapakhungu ndipo mwachira, ndikofunikira kuti mupimenso thupi lanu pafupipafupi kuti musinthe. Chiopsezo chanu cha khansa ya khansa imakula mukakhala ndi khansa. Matenda a khansa amatha kubwerera patapita zaka.

Melanoma imafalikira mbali zina za thupi.

Chithandizo cha khansa ya khansa ya khansa imatha kuyambitsa zovuta zina, kuphatikiza kupweteka, nseru, ndi kutopa.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani mukawona kukula kwatsopano kapena kusintha kwina pakhungu lanu. Komanso lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani ngati pali malo omwe alipo:

• Zosintha mawonekedwe, kukula kapena utoto
• Khalani opweteka, otupa, kapena otupa
• Iyamba kutuluka magazi kapena kuyabwa

Anthu ena ayenera kukaonana ndi dokotala wa khungu kuti akayezetse khungu nthawi zonse. Izi zikuphatikiza anthu omwe ali ndi:

• Mbiri ya banja la khansa ya khansa
• Khungu lowonongeka kwambiri ndi dzuwa
• Mitundu yambiri pakhungu lawo

Dokotala wa khungu amatha kukupimani ndikukuuzani ngati mukufuna kuyang'aniridwa pakhungu pafupipafupi. Nthawi zina, timadontho tachilendo timachotsedwa kuti tipewe khansa ya khansa.

Muyeneranso kuyesa khungu lanu kamodzi pamwezi. Gwiritsani ntchito galasi kuti muwone malo osavuta kuwona. Gwiritsani ntchito kachitidwe ka ABCDE ndi chikwangwani "choyipa bakha" poyang'ana khungu lanu.

Njira yabwino yopewera khansa yapakhungu ndikuchepetsa kuchepa kwanu padzuwa. Kuwala kwa ultraviolet kumakhala kwakukulu pakati pa 10 koloko ndi 4 koloko masana. Yesetsani kupewa kuwonekera padzuwa nthawi imeneyi. Tetezani khungu lanu povala chipewa, malaya ataliatali, siketi yayitali, kapena mathalauza mukakhala panja. Malangizo otsatirawa amathanso kuthandizira:

• Ikani mafuta oteteza ku dzuwa otetezedwa ndi dzuwa (30) kapena apamwamba, ngakhale mutangopita panja kwakanthawi kochepa.
• Ikani mafuta oteteza ku dzuwa ochulukirapo m'malo onse owonekera, kuphatikiza makutu ndi mapazi.
• Fufuzani zotchinga dzuwa zomwe zimatseka kuwala kwa UVA ndi UVB. Awa adzakhala ndi dzina loti "sipekitiramu yotakata."
• Gwiritsani ntchito chilinganizo chopanda madzi mukakumana ndi madzi.
• Ikani mafuta oteteza ku dzuwa osachepera mphindi 30 musanatuluke panja. Agwiritseni ntchito nthawi zambiri, makamaka mukasambira.
• Gwiritsani ntchito zotchingira dzuwa m'nyengo yozizira, inunso. Dzitetezeni ngakhale masiku omwe kuli mitambo.

Mfundo zina zofunika kukuthandizani kupewa kupezeka padzuwa:

• Pewani malo owala kwambiri, monga madzi, mchenga, konkriti, ndi malo opaka utoto woyera.
• Samalani kwambiri pamalo okwera, pomwe khungu limatentha msanga.
• Pewani nyali zadzuwa, mabedi osenda, ndi malo opangira utoto.

Ngakhale kuti khansa ya pakhungu imatha kuphulika, ena madokotala amaona kuti palibe mwayi wochotsa timadontho toletsa melanoma.

Khansa yapakhungu - khansa ya pakhungu; Khansa yoyipa; Lentigo maligna khansa ya pakhungu; Melanoma in situ; Kungotulutsa khansa yapakhungu; Khansa ya pakhungu; Khansa ya khansa ya lentaninous melanoma

• Melanoma ya chiwindi - MRI scan
• Khansa yapakhungu - khansa ya khansa ya khansa
• Khansa yapakhungu - imakulitsa melanoma yamitundu yambiri
• Khansa yapakhungu, khansa ya pakhungu - chotupa chofiyira, chofiirira
• Khansa yapakhungu, khansa ya pakhungu pachikhadabo
• Khansa yapakhungu, pafupi ndi lentigo maligna melanoma
• Khansa yapakhungu - khansa ya pakhungu imafalikira
• Khansa ya pakhungu
• Khansa yapakhungu, khansa ya khansa - yotupa, mdima wakuda
• Khansa ya khansa yoyipa

Garbe C, Bauer J. Melanoma. Mu: Bolognia JL, Schaffer JV, Cerroni L, olemba. Matenda Opatsirana. Wolemba 4. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 113.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Matenda a Melanoma (PDQ) azaumoyo. www.cancer.gov/types/skin/hp/melanoma-kuchiza-pdq. Idasinthidwa Novembala 8, 2019. Idapezeka pa Januware 29, 2020.

Tsamba la National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Malangizo azachipatala a NCCN mu oncology: khansa ya pakhungu. Mtundu wa 2. 2018. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/melanoma.pdf. Idasinthidwa pa Disembala 19, 2019. Idapezeka pa Januware 29, 2020.