Uveitis

Uveitis ndi kutupa ndi kutupa kwa uvea. The uvea ndiye gawo lapakati pakhoma la diso. Minyewa imapereka magazi kwa iris kutsogolo kwa diso ndi diso kumbuyo kwa diso.

Uveitis imatha kuyambitsidwa ndimatenda amthupi. Matendawa amapezeka pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chimaukira ndikuwononga minofu yathanzi mwangozi. Zitsanzo ndi izi:

• Ankylosing spondylitis
• Matenda a Behcet
• Psoriasis
• Matenda a nyamakazi
• Matenda a nyamakazi
• Sarcoidosis
• Zilonda zam'mimba

Uveitis amathanso kuyambitsidwa ndi matenda monga:

• Edzi
• Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis
• Matenda a Herpes zoster
• Histoplasmosis
• Matenda a Kawasaki
• Chindoko
• Toxoplasmosis
• Matenda a chifuwa chachikulu

Kuwonetseredwa ndi poizoni kapena kuvulala kungayambitsenso uveitis. Nthaŵi zambiri, chifukwa chake sichidziwika.

Nthawi zambiri kutupa kumangokhala gawo limodzi lokha la uvea. Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa uveitis umaphatikizapo kutupa kwa iris, kutsogolo kwa diso. Poterepa, vutoli limatchedwa iritis. Nthawi zambiri, zimachitika mwa anthu athanzi. Matendawa atha kukhudza diso limodzi lokha. Amakonda kwambiri achinyamata komanso azaka zapakati.

Posterior uveitis imakhudza kumbuyo kwa diso. Zimakhudza makamaka choroid. Uwu ndiye wosanjikiza wa mitsempha yamagazi ndi minofu yolumikizana pakati pazitsulo. Mtundu uwu wa uveitis umatchedwa choroiditis. Ngati diso limaphatikizidwanso, limatchedwa chorioretinitis.

Mtundu wina wa uveitis ndi pars planitis. Kutupa kumachitika mdera lotchedwa pars plana, lomwe limakhala pakati pa iris ndi choroid. Pars planitis nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa anyamata. Kawirikawiri sagwirizana ndi matenda ena alionse. Komabe, itha kukhala yolumikizidwa ndi matenda a Crohn komanso mwina multiple sclerosis.

Uveitis imatha kukhudza diso limodzi kapena onse awiri. Zizindikiro zimadalira gawo lomwe lafufuma. Zizindikiro zimatha kukula mwachangu ndipo zimaphatikizapo:

• Masomphenya olakwika
• Mdima wakuda, woyandama m'masomphenya
• Kupweteka kwa diso
• Kufiira kwa diso
• Kumvetsetsa kuunika

Wothandizira zaumoyo atenga mbiri yonse yazachipatala ndikuyesa maso. Mayeso a labu atha kuchitidwa kuti athetse matenda kapena chitetezo chamthupi chofooka.

Ngati muli ndi zaka zopitilira 25 ndipo muli ndi mapurusitis, omwe amakupatsirani malingaliro akuwonetsa ubongo ndi msana wa MRI. Izi zidzathetsa multiple sclerosis.

Iritis ndi irido-cyclitis (anterior uveitis) nthawi zambiri imakhala yofatsa. Chithandizo chitha kukhala:

• Magalasi amdima
• Madontho amaso omwe amachepetsa mwana kuti athetse ululu
• Steroid diso madontho

Pars planitis nthawi zambiri amachiritsidwa ndi diso la steroid. Mankhwala ena, kuphatikiza ma steroids otengedwa pakamwa, atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira chitetezo cha mthupi.

Chithandizo cha posterior uveitis chimadalira chomwe chimayambitsa. Nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo ma steroids omwe amatengedwa pakamwa.

Ngati uveitis imayamba chifukwa cha matenda amthupi (systemic), mutha kupatsidwa maantibayotiki. Muthanso kupatsidwa mankhwala amphamvu odana ndi zotupa otchedwa corticosteroids. Nthawi zina mitundu ina ya mankhwala oletsa kuteteza thupi kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza uveitis.

Mukalandira chithandizo choyenera, zovuta zambiri zamkati mwa uveitis zimatha masiku angapo mpaka milungu. Komabe, vutoli limabwerera.

Posterior uveitis imatha miyezi ndi zaka. Zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwamasomphenya kwamuyaya, ngakhale mutalandira chithandizo.

Zovuta zingaphatikizepo:

• Kupunduka
• Zamadzimadzi mkati mwa diso
• Glaucoma
• Wophunzira wosasintha
• Gulu la Retinal
• Kutaya masomphenya

Zizindikiro zomwe zimafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu ndi izi:

• Kupweteka kwa diso
• Maso ochepetsedwa

Ngati muli ndi matenda opatsirana (systemic) kapena matenda, kuchiza vutoli kumatha kupewa uveitis.

Iritis; Matenda a mapapu; Choroiditis; Chorioretinitis; Anterior uveitis; Zovuta zakubadwa; Iridocyclitis

• Diso
• Kuyesa kwamasewera owonekera

Tsamba la American Academy of Ophthalmology. Chithandizo cha uveitis. eyewiki.aao.org/Kuchiza_kwa_Uveitis. Idasinthidwa pa Disembala 16, 2019. Idapezeka pa Seputembara 15, 2020.

Cioffi GA, Liebmann JM. Matenda a mawonekedwe owoneka. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 395.

Durand ML. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a uveitis. Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 115.

Ndikufuna I, Chan CC Njira za uveitis. Mu: Yanoff M, Duker JS, olemba. Ophthalmology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 7.2.

Werengani RW. Njira zambiri zodwala uveitis komanso njira zamankhwala. Mu: Yanoff M, Duker JS, olemba. Ophthalmology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 7.3.