Kodi Peyer's Patches Ndi Chiyani?

Zamkati

• Tanthauzo
• Kodi amapezeka kuti?
• Ntchito yawo ndi yotani?
• Yankho ku matenda
• Kulekerera kwa m'thupi
• Zomwe zimakhudza zigamba za Peyer
• Matenda a bakiteriya
• Matenda a kachilombo
• Matenda a Crohn ndi ulcerative colitis
• Matenda a Prion
• Mfundo yofunika

Tanthauzo

Magulu a Peyer ndi magulu amadzimadzi am'mimba mumatumbo omwe amalumikizitsa matumbo anu ang'onoang'ono. Mafinya a lymphoid ndi ziwalo zazing'ono mumayendedwe anu amitsempha omwe amafanana ndi ma lymph node.

Lymphhatic system yanu imapangidwa ndimatumba ndi ziwalo zomwe zimakhala ndimaselo oyera a magazi, omwe amathandiza thupi lanu kulimbana ndi matenda. Nkhumba zanu, mafupa, ndi ma lymph node zonse ndi gawo lanu lamitsempha yamagazi.

Magulu a Peyer amatenga gawo lofunikira pakuwunika chitetezo cha m'thupi lanu. Kuyang'anira chitetezo cha mthupi kumatanthawuza njira yomwe chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chimazindikira ndikuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Kodi amapezeka kuti?

Mawanga a Peyer amapezeka m'matumbo anu aang'ono, nthawi zambiri m'dera la ileum. Lileamu ndilo gawo lomaliza la m'matumbo anu aang'ono. Kuphatikiza pa kugaya chakudya chomwe mumadya, ileamu imathandizanso madzi ndi michere kuchokera pachakudya.

Anthu ambiri amakhala ndi zigamba za Peyer pakati pa 30 ndi 40, ndipo achinyamata amakonda kukhala ndi achikulire kuposa achikulire. khulupirirani kuchuluka kwa zigamba za Peyer m'mitengo yanu ya ileum ikakwera zaka 20.

Kukula, mawonekedwe, ndikugawa kwathunthu kwa zigamba za Peyer zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi munthu.

Ntchito yawo ndi yotani?

Magamba a Peyer ali ndi ntchito ziwiri zofunika zokhudzana ndi chitetezo chanu chamthupi komanso momwe zimayankhira kumatenda omwe angabwere.

Yankho ku matenda

Zigamba za Peyer zili ndi maselo osiyanasiyana amthupi, kuphatikiza ma macrophages, ma dendritic cell, T cell, ndi ma B cell. Palinso maselo apadera, otchedwa M maselo, pafupi ndi zigamba za Peyer. Maselo a Mwa amadyetsa ma antigen ku ma macrophages ndi ma dendritic cell am'magazi anu a Peyer. Antigen ndi chinthu, monga kachilombo, kamene kangabweretse yankho m'thupi lanu.

Ma macrophages ndi ma dendritic cell ndiye amawonetsa ma antigen awa ku ma T anu maselo a B, omwe amatsimikizira ngati antigen imafunikira chitetezo chamthupi. Ngati azindikira kuti antigen ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ma T cell ndi ma B m'matumba anu a Peyer amawonetsa chitetezo chamthupi mwanu.

Nthawi zina, mabakiteriya ndi ma virus amatha kuthyola njirayi ndikuigwiritsa ntchito kulowa mthupi lanu lonse kudzera m'matumbo anu ang'ono.

Kulekerera kwa m'thupi

Chilichonse chomwe mumadya pamapeto pake chimapita m'matumbo anu ang'onoang'ono. Thupi lanu silimazindikira zakudya ngati zinthu zakunja chifukwa cha china chake chotchedwa kulolerana m'kamwa. Izi zikutanthawuza kuletsa kuyankha kwama chitetezo kumatenda ena. Mitengo ya Peyer yanu nthawi zambiri imakhala zitsanzo m'matumbo anu ang'onoang'ono, motero amatenga gawo podziwitsa zinthu zomwe zimafunikira chitetezo chamthupi.

Palibe amene akudziwa za gawo lenileni la zigamba za Peyer panthawiyi. Kafukufuku woyenera wokhudza mbewa. Mbewa zokhala ndi kuchepa kwa chigamba cha Peyer zidakhala ndi nthawi yovuta kulekerera mapuloteni ngati achikulire, koma osati mankhwala ena. Komabe, kuwunikiranso komweku kunanenanso kuti kafukufuku wina watsimikizira kuti kusakhala ndi zigamba za Peyer sikuwoneka kuti kumakhudza kulekerera m'kamwa.

Zigamba za Peyer zikuyenera kukhala ndi gawo lina pakukula kwa kulekerera m'kamwa, koma ofufuza akupezabe tsatanetsatane.

Zomwe zimakhudza zigamba za Peyer

Matenda a bakiteriya

Mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana amatha kulowerera thupi lanu polunjika ma M cell ndi zigamba za Peyer. Mwachitsanzo, 2010 idazindikira Listeria monocytogenes, zomwe zimayambitsa listeria, zimagwirizana ndi ma M cell ndi zigamba za Peyer. Pulogalamu ya L. monocytogenes mabakiteriya akhoza:

• amasuntha moyenera kudzera m'maselo a M ndikusunthira mwachangu m'magulu a mbewa za Peyer
• onaninso mkati mwa zigamba za Peyer
• suntha msanga kuchoka pamatumba a Peyer kupita kumalo ena amkati

Mitundu ina ya mabakiteriya omwe amadziwika kuti amachita izi ndi monga enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, zomwe zimayambitsa E. coli matenda, ndi Salmonella typhimurium, zomwe zingayambitse chakudya poyizoni.

Matenda a kachilombo

Mavairasi amathanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma M cell kuti alowetse zigamba za Peyer zanu ndikuyamba kuzibwereza. Mwachitsanzo, awona kuti polio, yomwe imayambitsa poliyo, imakonda kubwereza m'matumbo mwanu.

Ma virus ena omwe amadziwika kuti amachita izi ndi HIV-1, yomwe imayambitsa mtundu wofala kwambiri wa HIV.

Matenda a Crohn ndi ulcerative colitis

Matenda a Crohn ndi ulcerative colitis ndi mitundu iwiri ya matenda opatsirana. Matenda a Crohn nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo kutukusira kwa ileamu yanu, pomwe ulcerative colitis imakhudzanso colon yanu.

Anthu omwe ali ndi mwina ndipo amakhala ndi zilonda kapena pafupi ndi zigamba za Peyer, kuwonetsa kuti atenga nawo gawo pokhazikitsa izi.

Matenda a Prion

Prions ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe angasinthe mawonekedwe kapena mapuloteni, makamaka omwe ali muubongo. Zomwe zimakhudza ma prion amadziwika kuti matenda a prion. Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino ndi matenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob, omwe mwina amayamba chifukwa cha prion yemweyo yemwe amachititsa matenda amisala amphongo ng'ombe.

Nthawi zambiri, ma prion amalowetsedwa ndi chakudya, chifukwa chake amalowa m'matumbo mwanu musanalandire ziwalo zina za thupi lanu, monga ubongo wanu. Ena apeza ma prion ambiri m'matumba a Peyer amitundu ingapo ya nyama. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewa zokhala ndi zigamba zochepa za Peyer zikuwoneka kuti ndi matenda a prion.

Mfundo yofunika

Mapazi a Peyer ndi malo ang'onoang'ono m'matumbo anu aang'ono, makamaka gawo lakumunsi. Pamodzi ndi ma M maselo, amathandiza kwambiri pakuzindikira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'mimba mwanu. Komabe, zigamba za Peyer zitha kuthandizanso pakukula kwa mikhalidwe ingapo, kuphatikiza matenda opatsirana am'matumbo, ngakhale ntchitoyi siyikumveka bwino.