Khansa yapakamwa

Khansa yapakamwa ndi khansa yomwe imayamba mkamwa.

Khansa yapakamwa imakhudza milomo kapena lilime. Zitha kukhalanso pa:

• Kulumikizana
• Pansi pakamwa
• Miseche (gingiva)
• Denga la pakamwa (m'kamwa)

Khansa yambiri yapakamwa ndimtundu wotchedwa squamous cell carcinoma. Khansa izi zimafalikira mwachangu.

Kusuta fodya komanso kugwiritsa ntchito fodya kumalumikizidwa ndi matenda ambiri a khansa yapakamwa. Kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa kumawonjezeranso chiopsezo cha khansa yapakamwa.

Matenda a papillomavirus (HPV) (kachilombo komweko kamene kamayambitsa matenda opatsirana pogonana) amawerengera khansa yambiri yapakamwa kuposa kale. Mtundu umodzi wa HPV, mtundu wa 16 kapena HPV-16, umalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi pafupifupi khansa yonse yamkamwa.

Zinthu zina zomwe zingapangitse chiopsezo cha khansa yapakamwa ndi monga:

• Kusisita kwanthawi yayitali (monga mano akuthwa, mano opangira mano, kapena kudzaza
• Kumwa mankhwala (immunosuppressants) omwe amachepetsa chitetezo chamthupi
• Ukhondo mano ndi m'kamwa

Khansa zina zam'kamwa zimayamba ngati chikwangwani choyera (leukoplakia) kapena ngati zilonda zam'kamwa.

Amuna amadwala khansa yapakamwa kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa momwe akazi amachitira. Amakonda kwambiri amuna azaka zopitilira 40.

Khansa yapakamwa imatha kuwoneka ngati chotupa kapena zilonda mkamwa zomwe zingakhale:

• Mng'alu wakuya, wakuthwa konsekonse mu minofu
• Wotuwa, wofiira, kapena wakuda
• Pa lilime, mlomo, kapena dera lina pakamwa
• Osapweteka poyamba, kenako kutentha kapena kupweteka pamene chotupacho chapita patsogolo

Zizindikiro zina zitha kuphatikiza:

• Kutafuna mavuto
• Zilonda zapakamwa zomwe zimatha kutuluka magazi
• Ululu ndi kumeza
• Mavuto olankhula
• Kumeza vuto
• Kutupa ma lymph node m'khosi
• Mavuto a lilime
• Kuchepetsa thupi
• Zovuta kutsegula pakamwa
• Dzanzi ndi kumasuka kwa mano
• Mpweya woipa

Dokotala wanu kapena wamano adzafufuza pakamwa panu. Mayeso atha kuwonetsa:

• Zilonda pamlomo, lilime, chingamu, masaya, kapena malo ena mkamwa
• Zilonda kapena magazi

Chidziwitso cha zilonda kapena chilonda chidzachitika. Minofuyi iyesedwanso ngati HPV.

Kufufuza kwa CT, MRI ndi PET kungachitike kuti mudziwe ngati khansara yafalikira.

Kuchita opaleshoni kuchotsa chotupacho kumalimbikitsidwa ngati chotupacho ndi chochepa mokwanira.

Ngati chotupacho chafalikira kumatenda ambiri kapena ma lymph node apafupi, opareshoni yayikulu imachitika. Kuchuluka kwa minofu ndi kuchuluka kwa ma lymph node omwe amachotsedwa kumadalira momwe khansara yafalikira.

Opaleshoni itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi radiation radiation ndi chemotherapy kwa zotupa zazikulu.

Kutengera mtundu wamankhwala omwe mungafune, mankhwala othandizira omwe angafunike ndi awa:

• Mankhwala othandizira.
• Therapy yothandizira kutafuna, kumeza.
• Kuphunzira kudya mapuloteni okwanira ndi zopatsa mphamvu kuti mukhale wonenepa. Funsani wothandizira zaumoyo wanu za zakudya zowonjezera madzi zomwe zingakuthandizeni.
• Thandizani pakamwa pouma.

Mutha kuchepetsa nkhawa zamankhwala ndikulowa nawo gulu lothandizira khansa. Kugawana ndi ena omwe akumana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo kungakuthandizeni kuti musamve nokha.

Pafupifupi theka la anthu omwe ali ndi khansa yapakamwa adzakhala ndi moyo zaka zoposa 5 atawapeza ndi kuwachiza. Ngati khansara imapezeka msanga, isanafalikire kumatenda ena, mankhwala ake amakhala pafupifupi 90%. Oposa theka la khansa yapakamwa yafalikira khansa ikapezeka. Ambiri afalikira pakhosi kapena m'khosi.

Ndizotheka, koma osatsimikiziridwa kwathunthu, kuti khansa yomwe imayesa kachilombo ka HPV ikhoza kukhala ndi chiyembekezo. Komanso, omwe amasuta zaka zosakwana 10 atha kuchita bwino.

Anthu omwe amafunikira poizoniyu wamkulu ndi chemotherapy amatha kukhala ndi mavuto akulu ndikumeza.

Khansa yapakamwa imatha kubwereranso ngati kusuta fodya kapena kumwa mowa sikuyimitsidwa.

Zovuta za khansa yapakamwa zitha kuphatikiza:

• Zovuta zamankhwala opangira radiation, kuphatikiza mkamwa wouma komanso kuvuta kumeza
• Kuwonongeka kwa nkhope, mutu, ndi khosi pambuyo pochitidwa opaleshoni
• Kufalikira kwina (metastasis) kwa khansa

Khansa yapakamwa imatha kupezeka pomwe dotolo wamano amayeretsa ndikuyezetsa.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati muli ndi zilonda pakamwa kapena pakamwa kapena chotupa m'khosi chomwe sichitha mwezi umodzi. Kuzindikira koyambirira komanso kuchiza khansa yapakamwa kumawonjezera mwayi wopulumuka.

Khansa yapakamwa itha kupewedwa ndi:

• Kupewa kusuta kapena kugwiritsa ntchito fodya
• Kukhala ndi mavuto amano kukonza
• Kuchepetsa kapena kupewa kumwa mowa
• Kuchezera mano nthawi zonse ndikuchita ukhondo pakamwa

Katemera wa HPV wolimbikitsidwa kwa ana komanso achikulire amayang'ana mitundu ing'onoing'ono ya HPV yomwe imayambitsa khansa yapakamwa. Awonetsedwa kuti ateteze matenda ambiri amkamwa a HPV. Sizikudziwika ngati atha kupewanso khansa yapakamwa.

Khansa - pakamwa; Khansa yapakamwa; Khansa ya mutu ndi khosi - pakamwa; Squamous cell khansa - pakamwa; Zotupa zotupa - pakamwa; Khansa ya Oropharyngeal - HPV; Carcinoma - pakamwa

• Pakamwa pouma mukamalandira khansa
• Kutulutsa pakamwa ndi m'khosi - kutulutsa
• Kumeza mavuto

• Kutupa kwa pakhosi
• Kutulutsa pakamwa

Wopanda C, Gourin CG. Vuto la papillomavirus komanso matenda opatsirana a khansa yamutu ndi khosi. Mu: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund V, et al, olemba. Cummings Otolaryngology: Opaleshoni ya Mutu ndi Khosi. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: chap 75.

Wamng'ono JW, Miller CS, Rhodus NL. Khansa ndi chisamaliro chapakamwa cha odwala khansa. Mu: JW wamng'ono, Miller CS, Rhodus NL, eds. Little ndi Falace's Mano Management a Wodwala Wosokonekera. 9th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 26.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Chithandizo cha khansa ya Oropharyngeal (wamkulu) (PDQ) - mtundu wazachipatala. www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/hp/adult/oropharyngeal-treatment-pdq#link/_528. Idasinthidwa pa Januware 27, 2020. Idapezeka pa Marichi 31, 2020.

Wein RO, Weber RS. Zotupa zoyipa zam'kamwa. Mu: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund V, et al, olemba. Cummings Otolaryngology: Opaleshoni ya Mutu ndi Khosi. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: chap 93.