Mlembi: Gregory Harris
Tsiku La Chilengedwe: 12 Epulo 2021
Sinthani Tsiku: 1 Kulayi 2024
Anonim
Acidosis and Alkalosis MADE EASY
Kanema: Acidosis and Alkalosis MADE EASY

Acidosis ndimkhalidwe wokhala ndi asidi wambiri m'madzi amthupi. Ndizosiyana ndi alkalosis (vuto lomwe mumakhala madzi ochulukirapo m'thupi).

Impso ndi mapapo zimakhazikika (pH mulingo woyenera) wa mankhwala omwe amatchedwa zidulo ndi mabowo mthupi. Acidosis imachitika asidi akamakula kapena bicarbonate (m'munsi) itayika. Acidosis imagawidwa ngati kupuma kapena kagayidwe kachakudya acidosis.

Respiratory acidosis imayamba pakakhala mpweya woipa wochuluka (asidi) m'thupi. Mtundu uwu wa acidosis nthawi zambiri umayamba thupi likalephera kuchotsa mpweya wokwanira kudzera pakupuma. Mayina ena a kupuma acidosis ndi hypercapnic acidosis ndi carbon dioxide acidosis. Zomwe zimayambitsa kupuma acidosis ndizo:

  • Zofooka pachifuwa, monga kyphosis
  • Kuvulala pachifuwa
  • Kufooka kwa minofu pachifuwa
  • Matenda a m'mapapo a nthawi yayitali
  • Matenda a Neuromuscular, monga myasthenia gravis, muscular dystrophy
  • Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mopitirira muyeso

Metabolic acidosis imayamba pamene asidi ochulukirapo amapangidwa mthupi. Zitha kuchitika pomwe impso sizingachotse asidi wokwanira mthupi. Pali mitundu ingapo ya metabolic acidosis:


  • Ashuga acidosis (omwe amatchedwanso kuti ashuga ketoacidosis ndi DKA) amakula pomwe zinthu zotchedwa ketone bodies (zomwe zimakhala ndi acidic) zimakhazikika nthawi ya matenda ashuga osalamulirika.
  • Hyperchloremic acidosis imayamba chifukwa chotaya sodium bicarbonate yochulukirapo m'thupi, yomwe imatha kuchitika ndikutsekula m'mimba kwambiri.
  • Impso (uremia, distal renal tubular acidosis kapena proximal renal tubular acidosis).
  • Lactic acidosis.
  • Poizoni wa aspirin, ethylene glycol (yemwe amapezeka mu antifreeze), kapena methanol.
  • Kutaya madzi m'thupi kwambiri.

Lactic acidosis ndikumanga kwa lactic acid. Lactic acid imapangidwa makamaka m'maselo a minofu ndi maselo ofiira amwazi. Amapanga thupi likawononga chakudya kuti ligwiritse ntchito mphamvu mpweya ukakhala wochepa. Izi zitha kuyambitsidwa ndi:

  • Khansa
  • Kumwa mowa kwambiri
  • Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri
  • Kulephera kwa chiwindi
  • Shuga wamagazi ochepa (hypoglycemia)
  • Mankhwala, monga salicylates, metformin, anti-retrovirals
  • MELAS (matenda osowa kwambiri a mitochondrial omwe amakhudza kupanga mphamvu)
  • Kusowa kwa okosijeni kwakanthawi chifukwa chadzidzidzi, kulephera kwa mtima, kapena kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi
  • Kugwidwa
  • Sepsis - matenda akulu chifukwa chotenga mabakiteriya kapena majeremusi ena
  • Mpweya wa carbon monoxide
  • Mphumu yoopsa

Zizindikiro zama metabolic acidosis zimadalira matenda kapena vuto. Metabolic acidosis imayambitsa kupuma mwachangu. Kusokonezeka kapena ulesi kumatha kuchitika. Kuchepetsa kagayidwe kachakudya acidosis kumatha kubweretsa mantha kapena imfa.


Zizindikiro za kupuma kwa acidosis zitha kuphatikiza:

  • Kusokonezeka
  • Kutopa
  • Kukonda
  • Kupuma pang'ono
  • Kugona

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzakufufuza ndikufunsa za zizindikiro zanu.

Mayeso a Laborator omwe atha kulamulidwa ndi awa:

  • Kusanthula kwa magazi kwamagazi
  • Gawo loyambira la kagayidwe kachakudya (gulu la mayeso amwazi omwe amayesa kuchuluka kwa sodium ndi potaziyamu, ntchito ya impso, ndi mankhwala ena ndi ntchito) kuwonetsa ngati mtundu wa acidosis ndi kagayidwe kachakudya kapena kupuma
  • Maketoni amwazi
  • Kuyesa kwa Lactic acid
  • Mkodzo ketoni
  • Mkodzo pH

Mayesero ena omwe angafunike kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa acidosis ndi awa:

  • X-ray pachifuwa
  • CT pamimba
  • Kupenda kwamadzi
  • Mkodzo pH

Chithandizo chimadalira chifukwa. Wopereka wanu adzakuwuzani zambiri.

Acidosis ikhoza kukhala yoopsa ngati singalandire chithandizo. Milandu yambiri imayankha bwino kuchipatala.

Zovuta zimadalira mtundu wa acidosis.


Mitundu yonse ya acidosis imayambitsa zizindikilo zomwe zimafunikira chithandizo ndi omwe amakupatsani.

Kupewa kumatengera chifukwa cha acidosis. Zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa metabolic acidosis zitha kupewedwa, kuphatikiza matenda ashuga ketoacidosis ndi zina zomwe zimayambitsa lactic acidosis. Nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi impso ndi mapapo athanzi samakhala ndi acidosis yoopsa.

  • Impso

Effros RM, Swenson ER. Kulimbitsa pakati pa acid. Mu: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, olemba. Murray ndi Nadel's Bookbook of Respiratory Medicine. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: mutu 7.

Oh MS, Briefel G. Kuwunika kwa ntchito yaimpso, madzi, ma electrolyte, ndi acid-base balance. Mu: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, olemba., Eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. Wachitatu. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 14.

Seifter JL. Mavuto amadzimadzi. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 110.

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