Parathyroid hyperplasia

Parathyroid hyperplasia ndikukulitsa kwa ma gland onse a 4. Zilonda za parathyroid zili pakhosi, pafupi kapena zomangirizidwa kumbuyo kwa chithokomiro.

Matenda a parathyroid amathandiza kuchepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa calcium ndi thupi. Amachita izi popanga mahomoni otchedwa parathyroid (PTH). PTH imathandiza kuchepetsa calcium, phosphorus, ndi mavitamini D m'magazi ndipo ndizofunikira kuti mafupa akhale athanzi.

Parathyroid hyperplasia imatha kupezeka mwa anthu omwe alibe banja la matendawa, kapena ngati gawo la ma syndromes atatu obadwa nawo:

• Angapo endocrine neoplasia I (MENI I)
• AMUNA IIA
• Kutalikirana kwapabanja hyperparathyroidism

Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda obadwa nawo, jini losinthidwa (losinthidwa) limaperekedwa kudzera m'banja. Muyenera kungopeza jini kuchokera kwa kholo limodzi kuti mukhale ndi vutoli.

• Mwa MENI I, mavuto am'magazi amtundu wa parathyroid amapezeka, komanso zotupa m'matumbo a pituitary ndi kapamba.
• Mu MEN IIA, kuchuluka kwa ma gland a parathyroid kumachitika, pamodzi ndi zotupa mu adrenal kapena chithokomiro.

Parathyroid hyperplasia yomwe siili mbali ya matenda obadwa nawo imakhala yofala kwambiri. Zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda ena. Zomwe zimafala kwambiri zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa parathyroid hyperplasia ndi matenda a impso komanso kuchepa kwa vitamini D. Pazochitika zonsezi, matenda a parathyroid amakula chifukwa vitamini D ndi calcium zimakhala zochepa kwambiri.

Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo:

• Kuphulika kwa mafupa kapena kupweteka kwa mafupa
• Kudzimbidwa
• Kupanda mphamvu
• Kupweteka kwa minofu
• Nseru

Kuyezetsa magazi kudzachitika kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa:

• Calcium
• Phosphorus
• Mankhwala enaake a
• PTH
• Vitamini D.
• Ntchito ya impso (Creatinine, BUN)

Kuyezetsa mkodzo kwa maola 24 kungachitike kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa calcium yomwe imasefedwa kunja kwa thupi kupita mumkodzo.

Mafupa x-ray ndi kuyesa kwa mafupa (DXA) kungathandize kuzindikira kuphulika, kutayika kwa mafupa, ndi kufewetsa mafupa. Kujambula kwa Ultrasound ndi CT kumatha kuchitidwa kuti muwone zotupa za parathyroid m'khosi.

Ngati parathyroid hyperplasia imayamba chifukwa cha matenda a impso kapena kuchepa kwa vitamini D ndipo imapezeka msanga, omwe amakupatsani mwayi angakulimbikitseni kuti mutenge vitamini D, mankhwala ngati vitamini D, ndi mankhwala ena.

Opaleshoni imachitika nthawi zambiri pomwe tiziwalo timene timatulutsa khungu limatulutsa PTH yochulukirapo ndikuwonetsa zizindikilo. Nthawi zambiri amachotsa ma gland atatu ndi theka. Minofu yotsalayo imatha kuikidwa patsogolo kapena pamutu pakhosi. Izi zimalola kufikira kosavuta minofu ngati zizindikiritso zibwerera. Minofuyi imayikidwa kuti iteteze thupi kukhala ndi PTH yocheperako, yomwe imatha kubweretsa kashiamu yotsika (kuchokera ku hypoparathyroidism).

Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, mulingo wambiri wa calcium umatha kupitilirabe kapena kubwerera. Opaleshoni nthawi zina imatha kuyambitsa hypoparathyroidism, yomwe imapangitsa kuti calcium ikhale yotsika kwambiri.

Parathyroid hyperplasia ingayambitse hyperparathyroidism, yomwe imabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa calcium m'magazi.

Zovuta zimaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa calcium mu impso, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa miyala ya impso, ndi osteitis fibrosa cystica (malo ochepetsedwa, ofooka m'mafupa).

Kuchita maopaleshoni nthawi zina kumatha kuwononga mitsempha yomwe imawongolera zingwe zamawu. Izi zingakhudze mphamvu ya mawu anu.

Zovuta zimatha kubwera chifukwa cha zotupa zina zomwe zili mgulu la MEN syndromes.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati:

• Muli ndi zizindikiro zilizonse za hypercalcemia
• Muli ndi mbiri ya banja la matenda a MEN

Ngati muli ndi mbiri yabanja yama syndromes a MEN, mungafune kukhala ndi zowunika za majini kuti muwone jini losalongosoka. Omwe ali ndi jini lopunduka amatha kuyezetsa pafupipafupi kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi vuto.

Kukulitsa kwaminyewa ya parathyroid; Kufooka kwa mafupa - parathyroid hyperplasia; Mafupa kupatulira - parathyroid hyperplasia; Osteopenia - matenda osokoneza bongo; Mkulu calcium - parathyroid hyperplasia; Matenda a impso - parathyroid hyperplasia; Impso kulephera - parathyroid hyperplasia; Kuchulukitsa parathyroid - parathyroid hyperplasia

• Matenda a Endocrine
• Matenda a Parathyroid

Otsatira LM, Kamani D, Randolph GW. Kuwongolera kwa zovuta za parathyroid. Mu: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, olemba. Cummings Otolaryngology: Opaleshoni ya Mutu ndi Khosi. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: chaputala 123.

Thakker RV. Matenda a parathyroid, hypercalcemia ndi hypocalcemia. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 232.