Matenda a Ebola

Ebola ndi matenda owopsa ndipo nthawi zambiri amapha chifukwa cha kachilombo. Zizindikiro zake zimaphatikizapo kutentha thupi, kutsegula m'mimba, kusanza, kutuluka magazi, komanso nthawi zambiri, kufa.

Ebola imatha kupezeka mwa anthu ndi anyani ena (anyani, anyani, ndi chimpanzi).

Mliri wa Ebola ku West Africa womwe udayamba mu Marichi 2014 udali mliri waukulu kwambiri wowononga magazi m'mbiri yonse. Pafupifupi 40% ya anthu omwe adayambitsa Ebola pakuphulika uku adamwalira.

Vutoli limakhala pachiwopsezo chochepa kwambiri kwa anthu ku United States.

Kuti mumve zambiri, chonde pitani patsamba la Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC): www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola.

Komwe EBOLA ICHITIKIRA

Ebola idapezeka ku 1976 pafupi ndi Mtsinje wa Ebola ku Democratic Republic of the Congo. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, kufalikira kwazing'ono zingapo kwachitika ku Africa. Mliri wa 2014 unali waukulu kwambiri. Mayiko omwe akhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mliriwu ndi awa:

• Guinea
• Liberia
• Sierra Leone

Ebola idanenedwa kale ku:

• Nigeria
• Senegal
• Spain
• United States
• Mali
• United Kingdom
• Italy

Panali anthu anayi omwe amapezeka ndi Ebola ku United States. Awiri adalandiridwa kunja, ndipo awiri adadwala matendawa atasamalira wodwala Ebola ku United States. Munthu m'modzi adamwalira ndi matendawa. Ena atatuwo adachira ndipo alibe zisonyezo zamatendawa.

Mu Ogasiti 2018, kufalikira kwatsopano kwa Ebola kudachitika ku Democratic Republic of the Congo. Matendawa akupitilira.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri zamatendawa komanso za Ebola, pitani patsamba la World Health Organisation ku www.who.int/health-topics/ebola.

MMENE EBOLA AMAKHALA

Ebola sichifalikira mosavuta ngati matenda ofala kwambiri monga chimfine, chimfine, kapena chikuku. Pali Ayi umboni woti kachilombo koyambitsa Ebola kamafalikira mlengalenga kapena m'madzi. Munthu yemwe ali ndi Ebola SANGATHE kufalitsa matendawa mpaka zizindikilo ziwonekere.

Ebola imangofalikira pakati pa anthu ndi kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi madzi amthupi omwe ali ndi kachilombo kuphatikizapo koma osakwanira mkodzo, malovu, thukuta, ndowe, masanzi, mkaka wa m'mawere, ndi umuna. Tizilomboti tikhoza kulowa mthupi kupyola pakhungu kapena kudzera munkhungu, kuphatikizapo maso, mphuno, ndi pakamwa.

Ebola imathanso kufalikira polumikizana ndi malo aliwonse, zinthu, ndi zinthu zomwe zakhudzana ndi madzi amthupi ochokera kwa munthu wodwala, monga:

• Zovala ndi zofunda
• Zovala
• Mabandeji
• Singano ndi ma syringe
• Zida zamankhwala

Ku Africa, Ebola amathanso kufalikira ndi:

• Kusamalira nyama zakutchire zomwe zili ndi kachilombo kosaka nyama (bushmeat)
• Kukhudzana ndi magazi kapena madzi amthupi a nyama zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka
• Lumikizanani ndi mileme yomwe ili ndi kachilombo

Ebola SIYI ikufalikira kudzera:

• Mpweya
• Madzi
• Chakudya
• Tizilombo (udzudzu)

Ogwira ntchito zaumoyo komanso anthu omwe akusamalira achibale awo ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga Ebola chifukwa nthawi zambiri amabwera kudzakhudzana ndi madzi amthupi. Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera zida zoteteza PPE kumachepetsa izi.

Nthawi pakati pakuwonekera komanso pomwe zimayamba kuchitika (nthawi yosakaniza) ndi masiku 2 mpaka 21. Pafupifupi, zizindikiro zimayamba m'masiku 8 mpaka 10.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za Ebola ndi izi:

• Kutentha kwakukulu kuposa 101.5 ° F (38.6 ° C)
• Kuzizira
• Mutu wopweteka kwambiri
• Chikhure
• Kupweteka kwa minofu
• Kufooka
• Kutopa
• Kutupa
• M'mimba (m'mimba) kupweteka
• Kutsekula m'mimba
• Kusanza

Zizindikiro zakumapeto zimaphatikizapo:

• Kutuluka magazi mkamwa ndi m'mbali
• Kutuluka magazi kuchokera m'maso, makutu, ndi mphuno
• Kulephera kwa thupi

Munthu amene alibe zizindikiro masiku 21 atadwala Ebola sangadwale.

Palibe mankhwala odziwika a Ebola. Mankhwala oyeserera agwiritsidwa ntchito, koma palibe omwe adayesedwa kwathunthu kuti awone ngati akugwira ntchito bwino komanso ali otetezeka.

Anthu omwe ali ndi Ebola ayenera kuthandizidwa kuchipatala. Kumeneko, amatha kudzipatula kotero kuti matendawa sangathe kufalikira. Opereka chithandizo chamankhwala amachiza zizindikiro za matendawa.

Chithandizo cha Ebola ndichothandiza ndipo chimaphatikizapo:

• Madzi operekedwa kudzera mumtsempha (IV)
• Mpweya
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Chithandizo cha matenda ena
• Kuikidwa magazi

Kupulumuka kumatengera momwe chitetezo chamthupi cha munthu chimayankhira ndi kachilomboka. Munthu amathanso kukhala ndi moyo atalandira chithandizo chamankhwala chabwino.

Anthu omwe amapulumuka Ebola amatetezedwa ndi kachilomboko kwa zaka 10 kapena kupitilira apo. Sangathenso kufalitsa Ebola. Sizikudziwika ngati atha kutenga kachilombo kosiyanasiyana ka Ebola. Komabe, amuna omwe apulumuka amatha kunyamula kachilombo ka Ebola mu umuna wawo kwa miyezi itatu mpaka 9. Ayenera kupewa kugonana kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu kwa miyezi 12 kapena mpaka umuna wawo utapimidwa kawiri kuti ulibe.

Zovuta zazitali zingaphatikizepo zovuta zamagulu ndi masomphenya.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati mwapita ku West Africa ndipo:

• Dziwani kuti mwapezeka ndi Ebola
• Mumakhala ndi zizindikilo za matendawa, kuphatikizapo malungo

Kulandira chithandizo nthawi yomweyo kumathandizira kuti mukhale ndi mwayi wopulumuka.

Katemera (Ervebo) amapezeka kuti ateteze matenda a Ebola mwa anthu omwe akukhala m'maiko omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Ngati mukufuna kupita kudziko lina komwe kuli Ebola, a CDC amalimbikitsa kutsatira njira izi kupewa matenda:

• Khalani aukhondo mosamala. Sambani m'manja ndi sopo kapena madzi opangira mowa. Pewani kukhudzana ndi magazi ndi madzi amthupi.
• Pewani kulumikizana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi malungo, akusanza, kapena akuwoneka odwala.
• Osamagwira zinthu zomwe mwina zakumana ndi magazi a munthu wodwala kapena madzi amthupi. Izi zimaphatikizapo zovala, zofunda, singano, ndi zida zamankhwala.
• Pewani miyambo yamaliro kapena yoika maliro yomwe imafunika kusamalira thupi la munthu amene wamwalira ndi Ebola.
• Pewani kukhudzana ndi mileme ndi anyani osakhala anthu kapena magazi, madzi, ndi nyama yaiwisi yokonzedwa kuchokera kuzinyama.
• Pewani zipatala ku West Africa komwe odwala Ebola amathandizidwa. Ngati mukufuna chithandizo chamankhwala, kazembe wa United States kapena kazembe nthawi zambiri amatha kupereka upangiri pazantchito.
• Mukabwerera, yang'anirani thanzi lanu masiku 21. Pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo mukakhala ndi zizindikiro za Ebola, monga malungo. Uzani wothandizira kuti mwapita kudziko lomwe kuli Ebola.

Ogwira ntchito zaumoyo omwe atha kudwala anthu omwe ali ndi Ebola ayenera kutsatira izi:

• Valani PPE, kuphatikiza zovala zoteteza, kuphatikiza masks, magolovesi, malaya, komanso kuteteza maso.
• Gwiritsani ntchito njira zoyenera zowononga matenda komanso njira yolera yotsekemera.
• Patulani odwala Ebola kuchokera kwa odwala ena.
• Pewani kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi matupi a anthu omwe amwalira ndi Ebola.
• Adziwitseni ogwira ntchito zaumoyo ngati mwakumana ndi magazi kapena madzi amthupi a munthu yemwe akudwala Ebola.

Kutentha thupi kwa Ebola; Matenda a Ebola; Malungo hemorrhagic malungo; Ebola

• Vuto la Ebola
• Ma antibodies

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Ebola (Matenda a Kachilombo ka Ebola). www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola. Idasinthidwa Novembala 5, 2019. Idapezeka Novembala 15, 2019.

Geisbert TW. Matenda a Marburg ndi Ebola otentha magazi. Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 164.

Webusaiti ya World Health Organization. Matenda a Ebola. www.who.int/health-topics/ebola. Idasinthidwa Novembala 2019. Idapezeka Novembala 15, 2019.