Noma

Noma ndi mtundu wa chilonda chomwe chimawononga mamina am'mimbamo amkamwa ndi ziwalo zina. Zimapezeka mwa ana operewera zakudya m'thupi kumadera kumene ukhondo ndi ukhondo zikusowa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa sizikudziwika, koma noma atha kukhala chifukwa cha mtundu wina wa mabakiteriya.

Matendawa amapezeka makamaka mwa ana aang'ono, osowa zakudya m'thupi azaka zapakati pa 2 mpaka 5. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda monga chikuku, fever, chifuwa chachikulu, kapena khansa. Amathanso kukhala ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka.

Zowopsa ndi izi:

• Mtundu wa kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kotchedwa Kwashiorkor, ndi mitundu ina ya kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi
• Kusowa ukhondo ndi moyo wauve
• Zovuta monga chikuku kapena leukemia
• Kukhala m'dziko lotukuka

Noma imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwadzidzidzi kwa minyewa komwe kumangokulira. Choyamba, m'kamwa ndi m'mbali mwa masaya amatupa ndi kukhala zilonda. Zilondazo zimatulutsa ngalande zonunkha, zomwe zimayambitsa kununkha komanso fungo la khungu.

Matendawa amafalikira pakhungu, ndipo ziphuphu zamilomo ndi masaya zimafa. Izi pamapeto pake zitha kuwononga minofu yofewa ndi fupa. Kuwonongeka kwa mafupa ozungulira pakamwa kumayambitsa kupindika kwa nkhope ndi mano.

Noma amathanso kukhudza ziwalo zoberekera, kufalikira mpaka pakhungu lamaliseche (nthawi zina limatchedwa noma pudendi).

Kuyezetsa thupi kumawonetsa madera otupa am'mimba, zilonda zam'kamwa, ndi zilonda pakhungu. Zilondazi zimakhala ndi ngalande zonunkha. Pakhoza kukhala zizindikiro zina za kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi.

Maantibayotiki ndi chakudya choyenera chimathandiza kuti matendawa asakuliretu. Kuchita opaleshoni yapulasitiki kungakhale kofunikira kuti muchotse matupi owonongedwa ndikukonzanso mafupa akumaso. Izi zidzasintha mawonekedwe a nkhope ndi ntchito ya pakamwa ndi nsagwada.

Nthawi zina, vutoli limatha kupha ngati silichiritsidwa. Nthawi zina, vutoli limatha kuchira pakapita nthawi, ngakhale popanda chithandizo. Komabe, zimatha kuyambitsa zipsera zazikulu ndi kupunduka.

Zovuta izi zitha kuchitika:

• Kupunduka kwa nkhope
• Kusapeza bwino
• Kuvuta kulankhula ndi kutafuna
• Kudzipatula

Chithandizo chamankhwala chimafunika ngati zilonda mkamwa ndi kutupa kumachitika ndikupitilira kapena kukulirakulira.

Kusintha zakudya, ukhondo, ndi ukhondo kungathandize.

Cancrum oris; Gangrenous stomatitis

• Zilonda za pakamwa

Chjong CM, Acuin JM, Labra PJP, Chan AL. Matenda a khutu, mphuno, ndi mmero. Mu: Ryan ET, Hill DR, Solomon T, Aaronson NE, Endy TP, olemba. Hunter’s Tropical and Emerging Matenda Opatsirana. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: mutu 12.

Kim W. Kusokonezeka kwamatumbo. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM. okonza. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 684.

Srour ML, Wong V, Wyllie S. Noma, actinomycosis ndi nocardia. Mu: Farrar J, Hotez PJ, Junghanss T, Kang G, Lalloo D, White NJ, olemba. Matenda a Manson Otentha. Wachitatu. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014: mutu 29.