Khate

Khate ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amabwera chifukwa cha bakiteriya Mycobacterium leprae. Matendawa amayambitsa zilonda pakhungu, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, komanso kufooka kwa minofu komwe kumawonjezeka pakapita nthawi.

Matenda a khate sakhala opatsirana kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yakumasulira (nthawi isanayambike zizindikiro), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kudziwa komwe kapena kuti wina wagwira matendawa. Ana amatenga matendawa kuposa akulu.

Anthu ambiri omwe amakumana ndi mabakiteriya samakhala ndi matendawa. Izi ndichifukwa choti chitetezo chamthupi chawo chimatha kulimbana ndi mabakiteriya. Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti mabakiteriya amafalikira pamene munthu amapuma timadontho tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatulutsidwa ndi khate akatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula. Mabakiteriya amathanso kupitilizidwa mwa kukhudzana ndi madzi amphuno a munthu wakhate. Khate lili ndi mitundu iwiri yofala: chifuwa chachikulu ndi khate. Mitundu yonse iwiri imatulutsa zilonda pakhungu. Komabe, mawonekedwe akhate ndi owopsa kwambiri. Zimayambitsa ziphuphu zazikulu ndi ziphuphu (mitsempha).

Khate limakonda kupezeka m’mayiko ambiri padziko lonse, komanso m’madera otentha, otentha komanso otentha. Pafupifupi milandu 100 pachaka imapezeka ku United States. Milandu yambiri ili kuzilumba zakumwera, California, Hawaii, ndi US, ndi Guam.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo Mycobacterium leprae ndipo kuchuluka kwa milandu padziko lonse lapansi kwadzetsa nkhawa padziko lonse lapansi za matendawa.

Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

• Zilonda za khungu zomwe zimakhala zowala kuposa khungu lanu labwinobwino
• Zilonda zomwe zachepetsa chidwi chokhudza kukhudza, kutentha, kapena kupweteka
• Zilonda zomwe sizichira pakatha milungu ingapo mpaka miyezi
• Minofu kufooka
• Kunjenjemera kapena kusamva kanthu m'manja, mikono, mapazi, ndi miyendo

Mayeso omwe adachitika ndi awa:

• Chikopa cha khungu
• Kufufuza khungu

Kuyezetsa khungu la khate kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pouza mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya khate, koma kuyezetsa sikukugwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira matendawa.

Maantibayotiki angapo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa matendawa. Izi zimaphatikizapo dapsone, rifampin, clofazamine, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, ndi minocycline. Nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa mankhwala limodzi, ndipo kwa miyezi ingapo.

Aspirin, prednisone, kapena thalidomide amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kutupa.

Kuzindikira matenda msanga ndikofunikira. Chithandizo choyambirira chimachepetsa kuwonongeka, chimalepheretsa munthu kufalitsa matendawa, komanso chimachepetsa zovuta zomwe zimakhalapo kwanthawi yayitali.

Mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha khate ndi awa:

• Kuwonongeka
• Minofu kufooka
• Kuwonongeka kwamuyaya kwamanja ndi miyendo
• Kutaya chidwi

Anthu omwe ali ndi khate lalitali amatha kugwiritsa ntchito manja kapena mapazi awo chifukwa chovulala mobwerezabwereza chifukwa samamva kumadera amenewo.

Itanani odwala anu ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za khate, makamaka ngati mwakumana ndi munthu amene ali ndi matendawa. Milandu ya khate ku United States imanenedwa ku Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Anthu omwe amamwa mankhwala kwanthawi yayitali samakhala opatsirana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti samapereka zamoyo zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.

Matenda a Hansen

Dupnik K. Khate (Mycobacterium leprae). Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 250.

Ernst JD. Khate (matenda a Hansen). Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 310.