Leptospirosis

Leptospirosis ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya a leptospira.

Mabakiteriyawa amatha kupezeka m'madzi abwino omwe aipitsidwa ndi mkodzo wa nyama. Mutha kutenga kachilomboka mukadya kapena mukakumana ndi madzi kapena nthaka yonyansa. Matendawa amapezeka kumadera otentha. Leptospirosis sichifalikira kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu, kupatula nthawi zina.

Zowopsa ndi izi:

• Kuwonetsedwa pantchito - alimi, oweta ziweto, ogwira ntchito yophera nyama, ogwiririra, owona za zinyama, odula mitengo, ogwira ntchito zonyamula anthu ogwira ntchito m'minda ya mpunga, komanso asitikali ankhondo
• Zosangalatsa - kusambira kwa madzi, bwato, kayaking, ndi kuyenda njinga m'malo otentha
• Kuwonetsedwa kwanyumba - agalu oweta, ziweto zoweta, makina amadzi amvula, ndi makoswe

Matenda a Weil, mawonekedwe oopsa a leptospirosis, ndi osowa ku Continental United States. Ku Hawaii kuli milandu yambiri ku United States.

Zizindikiro zimatha kutenga masiku 2 mpaka 30 (masiku pafupifupi 10) kuti zitheke, ndipo zingaphatikizepo:

• Chifuwa chowuma
• Malungo
• Mutu
• Kupweteka kwa minofu
• Nseru, kusanza, ndi kutsegula m'mimba
• Kugwedeza kuzizira

Zizindikiro zochepa zimaphatikizapo:

• Kupweteka m'mimba
• Mapapu osazolowereka amamveka
• Kupweteka kwa mafupa
• Kufiira kosakanikirana popanda madzi
• Kukula kwa ma gland
• Kukulitsa ndulu kapena chiwindi
• Kupweteka kofanana
• Kuuma kwa minofu
• Kukoma kwa minofu
• Ziphuphu pakhungu
• Chikhure

Magazi amayesedwa ngati amateteza ku mabakiteriya. Pakati pa magawo ena a matendawa, mabakiteriya enieni amatha kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito kuyesa kwa polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Mayesero ena omwe angachitike:

• Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi (CBC)
• Chilengedwe kinase
• Mavitamini a chiwindi
• Kupenda kwamadzi
• Zikhalidwe zamagazi

Mankhwala ochizira leptospirosis ndi awa:

• Ampicillin
• Azithromycin
• Ceftriaxone
• Doxycycline
• Penicillin

Milandu yovuta kapena yayikulu imafunikira chisamaliro chothandizira. Mungafunike chithandizo kuchipatala cha anthu odwala mwakayakaya (ICU).

Maganizo nthawi zambiri amakhala abwino. Komabe, vuto lovuta limatha kupha ngati silichiritsidwa mwachangu.

Zovuta zingaphatikizepo:

• Jarisch-Herxheimer amalandira penicillin
• Meningitis
• Kutaya magazi kwambiri

Lumikizanani ndi omwe amakuthandizani ngati muli ndi zizindikilo, kapena zoopsa za leptospirosis.

Pewani madera amadzimadzi kapena amadzi osefukira, makamaka m'malo otentha. Ngati muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu, samalani kuti musatenge matenda. Valani zovala zodzitetezera, nsapato, kapena nsapato mukakhala pafupi ndi madzi kapena nthaka yodetsedwa ndi mkodzo wa nyama. Mutha kutenga doxycycline kuti muchepetse chiopsezo.

Matenda a Weil; Malungo Icterohemorrhagic; Matenda a Swineherd; Kutentha kwa mpunga; Malungo odulira nzimbe; Malungo a dambo; Malungo matope; Kutsekemera kwa magazi; Matenda a Stuttgart; Malungo a Canicola

• Ma antibodies

Galloway RL, Stoddard RA, Schafer IJ. Leptospirosis. CDC Yellow Book 2020: Zambiri Zaumoyo Woyenda Padziko Lonse. Malo Othandizira Kuletsa ndi Kupewa Matenda. wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/yellowbook-home. Idasinthidwa pa Julayi 18, 2019. Idapezeka pa Okutobala 7, 2020.

Haake DA, Levett PN. Mitundu ya Leptospira (leptospirosis). Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 239.

Zaki S, Shieh WJ. Leptospirosis. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 307.