Chibwibwi

Chibwibwi ndi vuto la mayankhulidwe momwe kumveka, masilabo, kapena mawu amabwerezedwa kapena kukhala nthawi yayitali kuposa zachilendo. Mavutowa amayambitsa kusamvana kwakulankhula komwe kumatchedwa kusokonekera.

Chibwibwi nthawi zambiri chimakhudza ana azaka zapakati pa 2 mpaka 5 ndipo ndizofala kwambiri mwa anyamata. Zitha kukhala milungu ingapo mpaka zaka zingapo.

Kwa ana ochepa, chibwibwi sichitha ndipo chitha kukulirakulira. Izi zimatchedwa chibwibwi chachitukuko ndipo ndi chibwibwi chofala kwambiri.

Chibwibwi chimakonda kuyenda m'mabanja. Chibadwa chomwe chimayambitsa chibwibwi chadziwika.

Palinso umboni kuti chibwibwi chimachitika chifukwa chovulala muubongo, monga kupwetekedwa mtima kapena kuvulala koopsa muubongo.

Nthawi zambiri, chibwibwi chimayambitsidwa ndi kupwetekedwa mtima (kotchedwa psychogenic chibwibwi).

Chibwibwi chimapitilira kufikira kukula kwa anyamata kuposa atsikana.

Chibwibwi chingayambe ndikubwereza makonsonati (k, g, t). Chibwibwi chikuipiraipira, mawu ndi ziganizo zimabwerezedwa.

Pambuyo pake, kutulutsa mawu kumayamba. Pali mawu okakamizidwa, pafupifupi ophulika kuyankhula. Munthuyo angaoneke ngati akuvutika kulankhula.

Kupsinjika kwamagulu ndi nkhawa zimatha kukulitsa zizindikilo.

Zizindikiro za chibwibwi zitha kukhala:

• Kukhala wokhumudwa poyesa kulankhulana

• Kupumira kapena kuzengereza poyambitsa kapena pamasentensi, ziganizo, kapena mawu, nthawi zambiri ndi milomo limodzi
• Kuyika (kusokoneza) mawu kapena mawu owonjezera ("Tidapita ku ... u ... sitolo")
• Kubwereza mawu, mawu, magawo amawu, kapena mawu ("Ndikufuna ... ndikufuna chidole changa," "Ine ... ndikukuwonani," kapena "Ca-ca-ca-can")
• Mavuto mu mawu
• Phokoso lalitali kwambiri m'mawu ("Ndine Booooobbbby Jones" kapena "Llllllllike")

Zizindikiro zina zomwe zimawoneka ndi chibwibwi ndi izi:

• Kuphethira diso
• Kugwedezeka kwa mutu kapena ziwalo zina za thupi
• Nsagwada zikugwedezeka
• Wobaya nkhonya

Ana omwe ali ndi chibwibwi chochepa nthawi zambiri samazindikira chibwibwi chawo. Zikakhala zovuta, ana amatha kudziwa zambiri. Kuyenda nkhope, nkhawa, komanso chibwibwi kumatha kuchitika akafunsidwa kuti alankhule.

Anthu ena amene amachita chibwibwi amaona kuti samachita chibwibwi akawerenga mokweza kapena akaimba.

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu adzafunsa za mbiri ya zamankhwala ndi chitukuko cha mwana wanu, monga nthawi yomwe mwana wanu adayamba chibwibwi komanso kuchuluka kwake. Wothandizira adzayang'ananso:

• Kulankhula bwino
• Kupsinjika kulikonse
• Zovuta zilizonse
• Zotsatira zachibwibwi pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku

Palibe kuyesedwa kofunikira nthawi zambiri. Kuti mupeze chibwibwi, mungafunike kufunsa wodwala amene amalankhula.

Palibe mankhwala abwino kwambiri achibwibwi. Milandu yoyambirira kwambiri imakhala yakanthawi kochepa ndipo imatha kutha palokha.

Chithandizo cha kulankhula chitha kukhala chothandiza ngati:

• Chibwibwi chatha miyezi yopitilira 3 mpaka 6, kapena kuyankhula "kotsekedwa" kumatenga masekondi angapo
• Mwanayo akuwoneka kuti akuvutika akamachita chibwibwi, kapena akuchita manyazi
• Pali mbiri yakubanja yachibwibwi

Chithandizo chamalankhulidwe chingathandize kuti mawu azilankhula bwino kapena osalala.

Makolo akulimbikitsidwa kuti:

• Pewani kufotokoza nkhawa yanu kwambiri ndi chibwibwi, chomwe chingapangitse zinthu kuipiraipira ndikumapangitsa mwana kudzidalira.
• Pewani zochitika zapanikizika ngati kuli kotheka.
• Mverani moleza mtima kwa mwanayo, yang'anani maso, musamudule mawu, ndikuwonetsa chikondi ndi kuvomereza. Pewani kuwamaliza ziganizo.
• Patulani nthawi yolankhula.
• Lankhulani momasuka za chibwibwi mwana akabwera kwa inu. Adziwitseni kuti mumvetsetsa kukhumudwa kwawo.
• Lankhulani ndi wothandizira kulankhula za nthawi yoyenera kukonza chibwibwi.

Kumwa mankhwala sikuwonetsa kuti ndi kothandiza pakumachita chibwibwi.

Sizikudziwika ngati zida zamagetsi zimathandizira chibwibwi.

Magulu azodzithandiza nthawi zambiri amakhala othandiza kwa mwana komanso banja.

Mabungwe otsatirawa ndi njira yabwino yodziwira chibwibwi ndi chithandizo chake:

• American Institute for Stuttering - chibwibwi.org
• MABWENZI: National Association of Young People Who Stutter - www.friendswhostutter.org
• Stuttering Foundation - www.stutteringhelp.org
• Bungwe la National Stuttering Association (NSA) - westutter.org

Kwa ana ambiri omwe ali ndi chibwibwi, gawo limadutsa ndikulankhula kumabwerera mwakale mkati mwa zaka zitatu kapena zinayi. Chibwibwi chimatha kukhala munthu wamkulu ngati:

• Ikupitilira zaka zopitilira 1
• Mwanayo chibwibwi atakwanitsa zaka 6
• Mwanayo ali ndi vuto lakulankhula kapena chilankhulo

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo achibwibwi amaphatikizaponso mavuto am'magulu omwe amabwera chifukwa choopa kunyozedwa, zomwe zimamupangitsa mwana kupewa kuyankhuliratu.

Lumikizanani ndi omwe amakupatsani ngati:

• Chibwibwi chimasokoneza ntchito yakusukulu ya mwana wanu kapena kukula kwamalingaliro.
• Mwanayo amawoneka wodandaula kapena wamanyazi polankhula.
• Zizindikirozi zimatha miyezi yopitilira 3 mpaka 6.

Palibe njira yodziwika yopewera chibwibwi. Ikhoza kuchepetsedwa polankhula pang'onopang'ono komanso pothana ndi zovuta.

Ana ndi chibwibwi; Kusalankhula bwino; Chibwibwi; Matenda aubwana amayamba kuchepa; Kuunjikana; Zolimbitsa thupi

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorder. Pepala la NIDCD: chibwibwi. www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/stuttering. Idasinthidwa pa Marichi 6, 2017. Idapezeka pa Januware 30, 2020.

Zithunzi MD. Kukula kwa chilankhulo ndi zovuta zolumikizirana. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 52.

Wophunzitsa DA, Nass RD. Mavuto azilankhulo. Mu: Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, Ferriero DM, et al, olemba. Swaiman's Pediatric Neurology. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 53.