Nthomba

Chickenpox ndi matenda opatsirana omwe munthu amakhala ndi zotupa zoyipa mthupi lonse. Zinali zofala kwambiri m'mbuyomu. Matendawa ndi osowa masiku ano chifukwa cha katemera wa nthomba.

Chikuku chimayambitsidwa ndi varicella-zoster virus. Ndi membala wa banja la herpesvirus. Vuto lomweli limayambitsanso anthu achikulire.

Nkhuku ya nkhuku imatha kufalikira mosavuta kwa ena kuyambira masiku 1 mpaka 2 matuza asanatuluke mpaka matuza onse atha. Mutha kupeza nthomba:

• Kuchokera pakukhudza madzi kuchokera ku chotupa cha nkhuku
• Ngati wina ali ndi matenda akutsokomola kapena kuyetsemula pafupi ndi iwe

Matenda ambiri a nkhuku amapezeka mwa ana ochepera zaka 10. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhala ofatsa, ngakhale zovuta zazikulu zimatha kuchitika. Akuluakulu ndi ana okulirapo amadwala kuposa ana aang'ono nthawi zambiri.

Ana omwe amayi awo adalandira nkhuku kapena adalandira katemera wa nkhuku sangawone msanga asanakwanitse chaka chimodzi. Ngati agwira nthomba, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto lochepa. Izi ndichifukwa choti ma antibodies am'magazi a amayi awo amathandizira kuwateteza. Ana osaposa chaka chimodzi omwe amayi awo sanakhale ndi nkhuku kapena katemerayu amatha kutenga nthomba.

Zizindikiro zoopsa za nkhuku ndizofala kwambiri kwa ana omwe chitetezo chamthupi chawo sichitha bwino.

Ana ambiri omwe ali ndi nthomba amakhala ndi zizindikiro izi asanawonekere:

• Malungo
• Mutu
• Kuwawa kwam'mimba

Kutupa kwa nthomba kumachitika patatha masiku 10 kapena 21 mutakumana ndi munthu amene anali ndi matendawa. Nthawi zambiri, mwana amakula matuza ang'onoang'ono okwanira 250 mpaka 500, okhala ndi zotupa pakhungu.

• Matuza nthawi zambiri amawonekera kumaso, pakati pa thupi, kapena khungu.
• Pakatha tsiku limodzi kapena awiri, matuzawo amachita mitambo kenako nkukhalabe. Pakadali pano, matuza atsopano amapanga m'magulu. Nthawi zambiri zimawoneka mkamwa, kumaliseche, ndi zikope.
• Ana omwe ali ndi mavuto akhungu, monga chikanga, amatha kukhala ndi zotupa zambiri.

Matenda ambiri sasiya mabala pokhapokha ngati atenga kachilombo koyambitsa matenda.

Ana ena omwe adalandira katemerayu amakhalabe ndi vuto la nthomba. Nthawi zambiri, amachira mwachangu kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi poizoni ochepa (ochepera 30). Milanduyi nthawi zambiri imakhala yovuta kuzindikira. Komabe, ana awa amathabe kufalitsa nthomba kwa ena.

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu nthawi zambiri amatha kudziwa nthomba poyang'ana pa zotupa ndikufunsa mafunso okhudza mbiri yazachipatala ya munthuyo. Matuza ang'ono pamutu amatsimikizira kuti matendawa amapezeka nthawi zambiri.

Mayeso a labu atha kuthandizira kutsimikizira matendawa, ngati angafunike.

Chithandizo chimaphatikizapo kusunga munthuyo kukhala womasuka momwe angathere. Nazi zinthu zofunika kuyesera:

• Pewani kukanda kapena kusisita malo oyabwa. Khalani zikhadabo zazifupi kuti musawononge khungu kuti lisakandike.
• Valani zovala zofunda, zopepuka, zotayirira. Pewani kuvala zovala zoyipa, makamaka ubweya, pamalo oyenda.
• Sambani madzi ofunda pogwiritsa ntchito sopo pang'ono ndi kutsuka bwinobwino. Yesani oatmeal kapena khungu losambira la khungu.
• Pakani chinyezi chotsitsimula mukatha kusamba kuti muchepetse khungu.
• Pewani kutentha kwanthawi yayitali komanso chinyezi.
• Yesani ma antihistamine am'kamwa monga diphenhydramine (Benadryl), koma dziwani zovuta zomwe zingachitike, monga kugona.
• Yesani kirimu wa hydrocortisone m'malo owuma.

Mankhwala olimbana ndi kachilombo ka nkhuku amapezeka, koma samaperekedwa kwa aliyense. Kuti mugwire bwino ntchito, mankhwalawa ayenera kuyambitsidwa mkati mwa maola 24 oyamba.

• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo samaperekedwa kwa ana athanzi omwe alibe zizindikiro zowopsa. Akuluakulu komanso achinyamata, omwe ali pachiwopsezo chazizindikiro zowopsa, atha kupindula ndi mankhwala ochepetsa ma virus ngati ataperekedwa msanga.
• Mankhwala a ma virus sangakhale ofunikira kwa iwo omwe ali ndi vuto la khungu (monga chikanga kapena kutentha kwaposachedwa), matenda am'mapapo (monga asthma), kapena omwe atenga ma steroids posachedwa.
• Ena operekera mankhwalawa amaperekanso mankhwala kwa anthu am'banja lomwelo omwe amakhalanso ndi nthomba, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zizindikilo zowopsa.

MUSAPATSE aspirin kapena ibuprofen kwa munthu yemwe angakhale ndi nthomba. Kugwiritsa ntchito aspirin kumalumikizidwa ndi vuto lalikulu lotchedwa Reye syndrome. Ibuprofen yakhala ikugwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri achiwiri. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mwana yemwe ali ndi nthomba sayenera kubwerera kusukulu kapena kusewera ndi ana ena mpaka zilonda zonse za nkhuku zitauma kapena kuwuma. Akuluakulu ayenera kutsatira lamulo lomweli akaganizira zobwerera kuntchito kapena kukhala ndi ena.

Nthawi zambiri, munthu amachira popanda zovuta.

Mukakhala ndi nthomba, kachilomboka nthawi zambiri kamangokhala matalala kapena kugona mthupi lanu moyo wanu wonse. Pafupifupi 1 mwa 10 akulu amakhala ndi ziphuphu pomwe kachilomboka kamatulukiranso munthawi yamavuto.

Nthawi zambiri, matenda aubongo adachitika. Mavuto ena atha kuphatikiza:

• Matenda a Reye
• Kutenga kwa minofu ya mtima
• Chibayo
• Ululu wophatikizana kapena kutupa

Cerebellar ataxia imatha kuwoneka munthawi yobwezeretsa kapena mtsogolo. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyenda kosakhazikika kwambiri.

Amayi omwe amatenga nthomba pa nthawi yapakati amatha kupatsira mwanayo khanda. Ana akhanda amakhala pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda akulu.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati mukuganiza kuti mwana wanu ali ndi nthomba kapena ngati mwana wanu ali ndi miyezi yopitilira 12 ndipo sanalandire katemera wa nkhuku.

Chifukwa chakuti nthomba imatha kuwuluka ndipo imafalikira mosavuta ngakhale izi zisanachitike, zimakhala zovuta kuzipewa.

Katemera wopewera nkhuku ndi gawo la nthawi zonse katemera wa mwana.

Katemerayu nthawi zambiri amateteza matenda a nthomba kapena amapangitsa matendawa kukhala ofatsa kwambiri.

Lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani ngati mukuganiza kuti mwana wanu akhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha zovuta ndipo atha kuwululidwa. Kuchita zinthu zodzitetezera nthawi yomweyo kungakhale kofunikira. Kupatsa katemerayo koyambirira atangowonekera kungachepetse kuopsa kwa matendawa.

Varicella; Nthomba

• Chikuku - chotupa pa mwendo
• Nthomba
• Chickenpox - zotupa pachifuwa
• Nthomba, chibayo pachimake - chifuwa x-ray
• Chikuku - kutseka

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Chidziwitso cha katemera. Katemera wa Varicella (nkhuku). www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statement/varicella.pdf. Idasinthidwa pa Ogasiti 15, 2019. Idapezeka pa Seputembara 5, 2019.

LaRussa PS, Marin M, Gershon AA. Varicella-zoster virus. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: mutu 280.

[Mawu a M'munsi] Robinson CL, Bernstein H, Romero JR, Szilagyi P; Komiti Yaupangiri pa Ntchito Zakutemera (ACIP) Gulu Lantchito Yoteteza Ana / Achinyamata. Komiti Yaupangiri pa Katemera imalimbikitsa dongosolo la katemera kwa ana ndi achinyamata azaka 18 kapena kupitilira apo - United States, 2019. MMWR Morb Wachivundi Wkly Rep. 2019; 68 (5): 112-114. PMID: 30730870 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30730870. (Adasankhidwa)

Nkhaniyi imagwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chilolezo kuchokera kwa Alan Greene, MD, © Greene Ink, Inc.