Diphtheria

Diphtheria ndi matenda oyambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

Mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa diphtheria amafalikira kudzera m'malo opumira (monga kukhosomola kapena kuyetsemula) kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka kapena munthu amene wanyamula mabakiteriya koma alibe zisonyezo.

Mabakiteriya nthawi zambiri amapatsira mphuno ndi mmero. Matenda apakhosi amachititsa kuti chophimba chikhale chakuda, cholimba, chofanana ndi ulusi, chomwe chimalepheretsa mayendedwe anu. Nthawi zina, diphtheria imayambitsa khungu lanu koyamba ndipo imayambitsa zotupa pakhungu.

Mukakhala ndi kachilombo, bakiteriya amapanga zinthu zowopsa zotchedwa poizoni. The poizoni amafalikira kudzera m'magazi anu kupita ku ziwalo zina, monga mtima ndi ubongo, ndipo zimawononga.

Chifukwa cha katemera wochuluka (katemera) wa ana, diphtheria tsopano sichikupezeka m'madera ambiri padziko lapansi.

Zowopsa za diphtheria zimaphatikizapo malo okhala ndi anthu ambiri, ukhondo, komanso kusowa kwa katemera.

Zizindikiro zimapezeka masiku 1 mpaka 7 kuchokera pomwe mabakiteriya alowa m'thupi lanu:

• Malungo ndi kuzizira
• Zilonda zapakhosi, zopweteka
• Kumeza kowawa
• Kutsokomola ngati khwangwala
• Kuthira madzi (kutanthauza kutsekedwa kwa njira yandege kwatsala pang'ono kuchitika)
• Mtundu wabuluu wakhungu
• Magazi amadzi amadzimadzi ochokera m'mphuno
• Mavuto opumira, kuphatikiza kupuma movutikira, kupuma mwachangu, mawu opumira kwambiri (stridor)
• Zilonda za khungu (zomwe zimawoneka m'malo otentha)

Nthawi zina sipakhala zizindikiro.

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzakuyesani ndikuyang'ana mkamwa mwanu. Izi zitha kuwonetsa chovala chakuda mpaka chakuda (pseudomembrane) pakhosi, zokulitsa zaminyewa, ndikutupa kwa khosi kapena zingwe zamawu.

Mayeso omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito atha kukhala:

• Diso la Gram kapena chikhalidwe cha mmero kuti muzindikire bakiteriya wa diphtheria
• Kuyesa kwa poizoni (kuzindikira kupezeka kwa poizoni wopangidwa ndi bakiteriya)
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Ngati wothandizirayo akuganiza kuti muli ndi diphtheria, chithandizo chitha kuyamba pomwepo, ngakhale zotsatira za mayeso zisanabwerere.

Diphtheria antitoxin amaperekedwa ngati kuwombera mu minofu kapena kudzera mu IV (intravenous line). Matendawa amathandizidwa ndi maantibayotiki, monga penicillin ndi erythromycin.

Mungafunike kukhala mchipatala mukamalandira antitoxin. Mankhwala ena atha kukhala:

• Madzi a IV
• Mpweya
• Mpumulo wa bedi
• Kuwunika mtima
• Kuyika chubu chopumira
• Kuwongolera mayimidwe apandege

Anthu omwe alibe zizindikiro zomwe amakhala ndi diphtheria ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi maantibayotiki.

Diphtheria ikhoza kukhala yofatsa kapena yovuta. Anthu ena alibe zizindikiro. Kwa ena, matendawa amatha kukulira pang'onopang'ono. Kuchira ndikudwala kumachedwa.

Anthu amatha kufa, makamaka matendawa akakhudza mtima.

Vuto lofala kwambiri ndikutupa kwa minofu yamtima (myocarditis). Dongosolo lamanjenje limakhudzidwanso pafupipafupi komanso modetsa nkhawa, zomwe zingayambitse ziwalo zosakhalitsa.

Poizoni wa diphtheria amathanso kuwononga impso.

Pakhoza kukhala yankho losavomerezeka ku antitoxin.

Lumikizanani ndi omwe akukuthandizani nthawi yomweyo ngati mwakumana ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi diphtheria.

Diphtheria ndi matenda osowa. Imeneyinso ndi matenda onenedwa, ndipo milandu iliyonse imafalitsidwa m'nyuzipepala kapena pa TV. Izi zimakuthandizani kudziwa ngati diphtheria ilipo m'dera lanu.

Katemera wa ana pafupipafupi komanso zokulitsira achikulire zimapewa matendawa.

Aliyense amene wakumana ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka ayenera kulandira katemera kapena chimbudzi ngati sanalandire kale. Chitetezo ku katemerayu kumatenga zaka 10 zokha. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti akulu azilandira katemera wa chilimbikitso zaka khumi zilizonse. Chilimbikitso chimatchedwa tetanus-diphtheria (Td). (Mfutiyo ilinso ndi mankhwala a katemera wa matenda otchedwa tetanus.)

Ngati mwakhala mukuyandikira kwambiri ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi diphtheria, funsani omwe akukuthandizani nthawi yomweyo. Funsani ngati mukufuna maantibayotiki kuti mupewe matenda a diphtheria.

Diphtheria wopuma; Matenda am'mimba; Diphtheric cardiomyopathy; Kuphatikizika kwa polyneuropathy

• Ma antibodies

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Diphtheria. www.cdc.gov/diphtheria. Idasinthidwa Disembala 17, 2018. Idapezeka pa Disembala 30, 2019.

Saleeb PG. Corynebacterium diphtheriae (diphtheria). Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 204.

Stechenberg BW. Diphtheria. Mu: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ, olemba. Feigin ndi Cherry's Bookbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 90.