Chakudya chakupha

Kupha poyizoni kumachitika mukamameza chakudya kapena madzi omwe ali ndi mabakiteriya, tiziromboti, mavairasi, kapena poizoni wopangidwa ndi tizilomboti. Matenda ambiri amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya wamba monga staphylococcus kapena E coli.

Kupha poizoni pakudya kumatha kukhudza munthu m'modzi kapena gulu la anthu omwe onse amadya chakudya chofanana. Zimakonda kupezeka mukamadya mapikiniki, malo odyera kusukulu, malo ochezera, kapena malo odyera.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikalowa mchakudyacho, amatchedwa kuipitsidwa. Izi zitha kuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

• Nyama kapena nkhuku zitha kukhudzana ndi mabakiteriya ochokera m'matumbo a nyama yomwe ikukonzedwa.
• Madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukula kapena kutumiza akhoza kukhala ndi zinyalala zanyama kapena zaumunthu.
• Chakudya chingagwiritsidwe ntchito mosatetezeka pokonzekera m'sitolo, m'malesitilanti, kapena m'nyumba.

Kupha poyizoni kumatha kuchitika mutatha kudya kapena kumwa:

• Chakudya chilichonse chokonzedwa ndi munthu amene sasamba mmanja moyenera
• Chakudya chilichonse chokonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ziwiya zophikira, matabwa odulira, ndi zida zina zomwe sizitsukidwa kwathunthu
• Zakudya za mkaka kapena chakudya chokhala ndi mayonesi (monga coleslaw kapena saladi wa mbatata) omwe achoka mufiriji motalika kwambiri
• Zakudya zozizira kapena zosazizira zomwe sizisungidwe kutentha koyenera kapena sizikutenthetsedwa kutentha koyenera
• Nsomba yaiwisi kapena oyster
• Zipatso kapena ndiwo zamasamba zosasamba bwino
• Masamba osaphika kapena timadziti ta zipatso ndi zopangidwa ndi mkaka (onani mawu oti "pasteurized," zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chakudyacho chathandizidwa kuti chiteteze kuipitsidwa)
• Zakudya zosaphika kapena mazira
• Madzi ochokera pachitsime kapena mtsinje, kapena mzinda kapena tawuni madzi omwe sanalandiridwe

Mitundu yambiri ya majeremusi ndi poizoni imatha kuyambitsa poyizoni wazakudya, kuphatikiza:

• Campylobacter enteritis
• Cholera
• E coli enteritis
• Poizoni wa nsomba kapena nkhono zomwe zawonongeka
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Salmonella
• Chinthaka

Makanda ndi achikulire ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chakupha ndi chakudya. Mulinso pachiwopsezo chachikulu ngati:

• Muli ndi matenda aakulu, monga matenda a impso, shuga, khansa, kapena HIV ndi / kapena Edzi.
• Muli ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka.
• Mumapita kunja kwa United States kupita kumadera omwe mumapezeka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timayambitsa matenda.

Amayi apakati ndi oyamwitsa ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito chisamaliro chowonjezera kuti apewe poizoni wakudya.

Zizindikiro kuchokera ku mitundu yofala kwambiri ya poyizoni wazakudya nthawi zambiri zimayamba pakadutsa maola awiri kapena 6 mutadya. Nthawiyo ikhoza kukhala yayitali kapena yayifupi, kutengera chifukwa cha poyizoni wazakudya.

Zizindikiro zina monga:

• Kupweteka m'mimba
• Kutsekula m'mimba (kungakhale kwamagazi)
• Malungo ndi kuzizira
• Mutu
• Nseru ndi kusanza
• Kufooka (kungakhale kwakukulu)

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu ayang'ana zizindikiro za poyizoni wazakudya. Izi zitha kuphatikizira kupweteka m'mimba ndikuwonetsa kuti thupi lanu lili ndimadzimadzi ochepa.

Kuyesedwa kumatha kuchitidwa pachitetezo chanu kapena chakudya chomwe mwadya kuti mudziwe mtundu wa majeremusi omwe akuyambitsa zizindikilo zanu. Komabe, mayesero sangapeze nthawi zonse chifukwa cha kutsegula m'mimba.

Nthawi zovuta kwambiri, omwe amakupatsani akhoza kuyitanitsa sigmoidoscopy. Kuyesaku kumagwiritsa ntchito chubu chopyapyala, chobowola chokhala ndi kuwala kumapeto komwe kumayikidwa mu anus ndipo kumapita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono kupita ku rectum ndi sigmoid colon kufunafuna komwe kumachokera magazi kapena matenda.

Nthawi zambiri, mudzakhala bwino m'masiku angapo. Cholinga ndikuchepetsa zizindikilo ndikuonetsetsa kuti thupi lanu lili ndi madzi okwanira.

Kupeza madzi okwanira ndikuphunzira kudya kumakuthandizani kuti mukhale omasuka. Mungafunike:

• Sinthani kutsekula m'mimba
• Chepetsani kunyansidwa ndi kusanza
• Muzipuma mokwanira

Mutha kumwa zosakaniza zakumwa zobwezeretsanso m'kamwa m'malo mwa madzi ndi mchere womwe watayika chifukwa cha kusanza ndi kutsegula m'mimba.

Phulusa lakumwa pakamwa likhoza kugulidwa ku pharmacy. Onetsetsani kusakaniza ufa m'madzi abwino.

Mutha kupanga chosakaniza chanu potulutsa by supuni (tsp) kapena magalamu atatu (g) ​​mchere ndi ½ tsp (2.3 magalamu) soda ndi supuni 4 (tbsp) kapena magalamu 50 a shuga m'madzi 4¼ (1 lita) madzi.

Ngati muli ndi kutsekula m'mimba ndipo simungathe kumwa kapena kuchepetsa madzi, mungafunike madzi amadzimadzi omwe amaperekedwa kudzera mumitsempha (ya IV). Izi zitha kukhala zofala kwambiri kwa ana aang'ono.

Ngati mutenga okodzetsa, funsani omwe akukuthandizani ngati mukufunika kusiya kumwa diuretic mukamatsegula m'mimba. Osayimitsa kapena kusintha mankhwala musanalankhule ndi omwe amakupatsani.

Pazifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa kudya poyizoni, omwe amakupatsani sadzakupatsani mankhwala opha tizilombo.

Mutha kugula mankhwala kusitolo komwe kumathandizira kutsekula m'mimba.

• Musagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa osalankhula ndi omwe akukupatsani ngati muli ndi matenda otsekula magazi, malungo, kapena kutsegula m'mimba ndikowopsa.
• Osamapereka mankhwalawa kwa ana.

Anthu ambiri amachira pamitundu yofala kwambiri ya poizoni wazakudya mkati mwa maola 12 mpaka 48. Mitundu ina ya poyizoni wazakudya imatha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu.

Imfa chifukwa cha poyizoni wazakudya mwa anthu omwe ali athanzi ndikosowa ku United States.

Kutaya madzi m'thupi ndi vuto lofala kwambiri. Izi zitha kuchitika pazifukwa zilizonse zoyambitsa chakudya.

Zosazolowereka, koma zovuta zazikulu zimadalira mabakiteriya omwe akuyambitsa poyizoni wazakudya. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• Nyamakazi
• Mavuto okhetsa magazi
• Kuwonongeka kwamanjenje
• Mavuto a impso
• Kutupa kapena kukwiya m'minyewa mozungulira mtima

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati muli ndi:

• Magazi kapena mafinya m'mipando yanu
• Kutsekula m'mimba ndipo sitingathe kumwa madzi chifukwa cha nseru ndi kusanza
• Malungo opitirira 101 ° F (38.3 ° C), kapena mwana wanu ali ndi malungo opitilira 100.4 ° F (38 ° C) limodzi ndi kutsekula m'mimba
• Zizindikiro zakusowa madzi m'thupi (ludzu, chizungulire, kupepuka)
• Posachedwa ndidapita kudziko lina ndikudwala m'mimba
• Kutsekula m'mimba komwe sikunakhale bwino m'masiku asanu (masiku awiri kwa khanda kapena mwana), kapena kukuipiraipira
• Mwana yemwe wakhala akusanza kwa maola opitilira 12 (mwa mwana wakhanda osakwana miyezi itatu muyenera kumuimbira akangoyamba kusanza kapena kutsegula m'mimba)
• Zakudya zoyipa zomwe zimachokera ku bowa (zomwe zitha kupha), nsomba kapena nsomba zina, kapena botulism (yomwe itha kupha)

Pali njira zambiri zomwe zingatengedwe kuti muchepetse poyizoni wazakudya.

• Chotsani zakudya zamadzi
• Zakudya zamadzi zonse
• Mukakhala ndi nseru ndi kusanza

• Chakudya chakupha
• Ma antibodies

Nguyen T, Akhtar S. Gastroenteritis. Mu: Makoma RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 84.

(Adasankhidwa) Schiller LR, Sellin JH. Kutsekula m'mimba. Mu: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, olemba. Sleisenger ndi Fordtran's Mimba ndi Matenda a Chiwindi: Pathophysiology / Diagnosis / Management. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 16.

Wong KK, Griffin PM. Matenda obwera chifukwa cha zakudya. Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 101.