Upangiri wapaulendo wopewa matenda opatsirana

Mutha kukhala athanzi paulendo potenga njira zoyenera kuti mudziteteze musanapite. Muthanso kuchita zinthu zokuthandizani kupewa matenda mukamayenda. Matenda ambiri omwe mumawapeza mukamayenda ndi ochepa. Nthawi zina, amatha kukhala owopsa, kapena owopsa.

Matenda amasiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Muyenera kutenga njira zosiyanasiyana zodzitetezera, kutengera komwe mukupita. Zinthu zotsatirazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa:

• Tizilombo ndi majeremusi
• Chikhalidwe chakomweko
• Ukhondo

Njira zabwino kwambiri zomwe anthu angakwaniritsire maulendo apa ndi awa:

• Malo Olimbana ndi Kupewa Matenda (CDC) - www.cdc.gov/travel
• World Health Organization (WHO) - www.who.int/ith/en

ASANAYENDE

Lankhulani ndi wothandizira zaumoyo wanu kapena pitani kuchipatala choyendera milungu 4 kapena 6 musananyamuke ulendo wanu. Mungafunike katemera wambiri. Zina mwa izi zimafuna nthawi kuti zigwire ntchito.

Muyeneranso kusintha katemera wanu. Mwachitsanzo, mungafunike katemera wa "chilimbikitso" cha:

• Diphtheria, tetanus, ndi pertussis (Tdap)
• Fuluwenza (chimfine)
• Chikuku - mumps - rubella (MMR)
• Poliyo

Mwinanso mungafunike katemera wa matenda omwe sapezeka ku North America. Zitsanzo za katemera woyenera ndi awa:

• Chiwindi A.
• Chiwindi B
• Meningococcal
• Mkuntho

Mayiko ena amafunika katemera. Mungafune umboni kuti mwalandira katemerayu kuti mulowe mdziko muno.

• Katemera wa yellow fever amafunika kulowa m'maiko ena akumwera kwa Sahara, Central Africa, ndi South America.
• Katemera wa Meningococcal amafunika kuti alowe Saudi Arabia paulendo wa Hajj.
• Kuti mupeze mndandanda wathunthu wazofunikira zadziko, onani masamba a CDC kapena WHO.

Anthu omwe angakhale ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za katemera ndi awa:

• Ana
• Anthu okalamba
• Anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka kapena HIV
• Anthu omwe amayembekezera kulumikizana ndi nyama zina
• Amayi omwe ali ndi pakati kapena akuyamwitsa

Funsani kwa omwe amakuthandizani kapena chipatala chapaulendo chapafupi.

KULETSA MALARIA

Malungo ndi nthenda yoopsa yomwe imafalikira mwa kulumidwa ndi udzudzu wina, womwe umaluma nthawi yayitali mpaka m'mawa. Zimapezeka makamaka kumadera otentha komanso otentha. Malungo angayambitse kutentha thupi, kugwedeza malungo, zizindikiro ngati chimfine, ndi kuchepa kwa magazi. Pali mitundu inayi ya majeremusi a malungo.

Ngati mukupita kudera la malungo, mungafunike kumwa mankhwala omwe amateteza matendawa. Mankhwalawa amatengedwa musananyamuke, paulendo wanu, komanso kwakanthawi kochepa mutabwerera. Momwe mankhwala amagwirira ntchito amasiyanasiyana. Mitundu ina ya malungo imagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala ena. Muyeneranso kuchitapo kanthu popewa kulumidwa ndi tizilombo.

ZIKA VIRUSI

Zika ndi kachilombo kamene kamawapatsira anthu chifukwa cha kulumidwa ndi udzudzu womwe uli ndi kachilomboka. Zizindikiro zake zimaphatikizapo kutentha thupi, kupweteka kwamagulu, zotupa, ndi maso ofiira (conjunctivitis). Udzudzu womwe umafalitsa Zika ndi womwewo womwe umafalitsa matenda a dengue fever ndi chikungunya virus. Udzudzuwu nthawi zambiri umadyetsa masana. Palibe katemera woteteza Zika.

Amakhulupirira kuti pali kulumikizana pakati pa amayi omwe ali ndi matenda a Zika ndi makanda obadwa ndi microcephaly ndi zovuta zina zobadwa. Zika imafalikira kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana wake m'chiberekero (mu utero) kapena panthawi yobadwa. Mwamuna yemwe ali ndi Zika amatha kufalitsa matendawa kwa omwe amagonana nawo. Pakhala pali malipoti a Zika akufalikira kudzera mu kuthiridwa magazi.

Chaka cha 2015 chisanafike, kachilomboka kanali kupezeka makamaka ku Africa, Southeast Asia, ndi Pacific Islands. Tsopano yafalikira kumayiko ambiri ndi mayiko kuphatikiza:

• Brazil
• Zilumba za Caribbean
• Central America
• Mexico
• kumpoto kwa Amerika
• South America
• Puerto Rico

Matendawa amapezeka kumadera ena ku United States. Kuti mumve zambiri, chonde pitani patsamba la Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) - www.cdc.gov/zika.

Pofuna kupewa kutenga Zika virus, chitanipo kanthu kuti mupewe udzudzu. Kupatsirana pogonana kumatha kupewedwa pogwiritsa ntchito kondomu kapena kusachita zogonana ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka.

KULETSA TINYAKWANYA TOMENYA

Pewani kulumidwa ndi udzudzu ndi tizilombo tina:

• Valani mankhwala othamangitsa tizilombo mukakhala panja, koma mugwiritseni bwino ntchito.Odzichotsera ochiritsira amaphatikizapo DEET ndi picaridin. Mankhwala ena ophera biopesticide ndi mafuta a mandimu a bulugamu (OLE), PMD, ndi IR3535.
• Muyeneranso kugwiritsa ntchito ukonde wa udzudzu mukamagona.
• Valani mathalauza ndi malaya amanja aatali, makamaka madzulo.
• Mugone kokha m'malo owunika.
• Osamavala mafuta onunkhira.

CHAKUDYA NDI KOTETEZA MADZI

Mutha kutenga mitundu ina ya matendawa mwa kudya kapena kumwa zakudya kapena madzi omwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pali chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda pakudya zakudya zosaphika kapena zosaphika.

Khalani kutali ndi zakudya zotsatirazi:

• Chakudya chophika chomwe chiloledwa kuziziritsa (monga kuchokera kwa ogulitsa mumsewu)
• Zipatso zomwe sizinatsukidwe ndi madzi oyera kenako nkuzisenda
• Masamba osaphika
• Masaladi
• Zakudya zamkaka zosasamalidwa, monga mkaka kapena tchizi

Kumwa madzi osasamalidwa kapena kudetsedwa kumatha kubweretsa matenda. Ingomwani zakumwa izi:

• Zakumwa zam'chitini kapena zosatsegulidwa (madzi, madzi, madzi amchere a kaboni, zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi)
• Zakumwa zopangidwa ndi madzi owiritsa, monga tiyi ndi khofi

Musagwiritse ntchito ayezi pakumwa kwanu pokhapokha atapangidwa ndi madzi oyera. Mutha kuyeretsa madzi mwa kuwira kapena kuwathira ndi zida zina zamankhwala kapena zosefera madzi.

NJIRA ZINA ZOPHUNZITSA MATENDA OGWIRITSA NTCHITO

Sambani m'manja nthawi zambiri. Gwiritsani ntchito sopo ndi madzi kapena choyeretsera chomwera mowa kuti muteteze matenda.

Musayime kapena kusambira m'mitsinje yamadzi, mitsinje, kapena nyanja zomwe zili ndi zimbudzi kapena ndowe zanyama. Izi zitha kubweretsa matenda. Kusambira m'mayiwe a chlorine nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotetezeka.

PAMENE MUNGAPEZE KUKHALA NDI MALANGIZO OTHANDIZA

Kutsekula m'mimba nthawi zina kumathandizidwa ndikupumula komanso madzi. Wopereka chithandizo wanu akhoza kukupatsani mankhwala oti mutenge paulendo wanu mukadwala matenda otsekula m'mimba mukamayenda.

Pezani chithandizo chamankhwala nthawi yomweyo ngati:

• Kutsekula m'mimba sikutha
• Mumayamba kutentha thupi kapena kukhala wopanda madzi m'thupi

Lumikizanani ndi omwe amakupatsani mukamabwerera kunyumba ngati mukudwala malungo mukuyenda.

Ulendo waulendo; Matenda opatsirana komanso apaulendo

• Matenda opatsirana komanso apaulendo
• Malungo

Beran J, Goad J. Katemera woyendera pafupipafupi: hepatitis A ndi B, typhoid. Mu: Keystone JS, Kozarsky PE, Connor BA, Nothdurft HD, Mendelson M, Leder, K, olemba. Mankhwala Oyendera. Wolemba 4. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 11.

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Zika kachilombo. Kwa othandizira zaumoyo: kuwunika kwazachipatala ndi matenda. www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/paring-for-zika/clinicalevaluationdisease.html. Idasinthidwa pa Januware 28, 2019. Idapezeka pa Januware 3, 2020.

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Zika virus: njira zopatsira. www.cdc.gov/zika/prevention/transmission-methods.html. Idasinthidwa pa Julayi 24, 2019. Idapezeka pa Januware 3, 2020.

Christenson JC, John CC. Malangizo azaumoyo kwa ana omwe akuyenda padziko lonse lapansi. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chaputala 200.

Omasulidwa DO, Chen LH. Yandikirani kwa wodwalayo asadafike komanso pambuyo paulendo. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 270.

Webusaiti ya World Health Organization. Mndandanda wamayiko: zofunikira za katemera wa yellow fever ndi malingaliro; vuto la malungo; ndi zina zofunika katemera. www.who.int/ith/ith_country_list.pdf. Idapezeka pa Januware 3, 2020.