Kodi Matenda a Prion Ndi Chiyani?

Zamkati

• Kodi matenda a prion ndi chiyani?
• Mitundu yamatenda a prion
• Matenda a prion amunthu
• Matenda a ziweto zanyama
• Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a prion?
• Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a prion ndi ziti?
• Kodi matenda a prion amapezeka bwanji?
• Kodi matenda a prion amachiritsidwa bwanji?
• Kodi matenda a prion amatha kupewedwa?
• Zotenga zazikulu

Matenda a Prion ndi gulu la zovuta zamatenda omwe amatha kukhudza anthu komanso nyama.

Zimayambitsidwa ndi kuyika kwa mapuloteni opindika modabwitsa muubongo, omwe amatha kusintha:

• kukumbukira
• khalidwe
• mayendedwe

Matenda a Prion ndi osowa kwambiri. Pafupifupi milandu yatsopano ya 350 ya matenda a prion imanenedwa chaka chilichonse ku United States.

Ofufuzawa akugwirabe ntchito kuti amvetsetse bwino za matendawa ndikupeza mankhwala othandiza. Pakadali pano, matenda a prion nthawi zonse amapha.

Kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda a prion ndi iti? Kodi mungatani kuti mukhale nawo? Ndipo pali njira iliyonse yopewera izi?

Pitirizani kuwerenga kuti mupeze mayankho a mafunso awa ndi zina.

Kodi matenda a prion ndi chiyani?

Matenda a Prion amachititsa kuchepa kwa ubongo chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa mapuloteni muubongo - makamaka kusokonekera kwa mapuloteni otchedwa prion protein (PrP).

Ntchito yabwinobwino ya mapuloteniwa sikudziwika pakadali pano.

Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a prion, PrP yosokonekera imatha kulumikizana ndi PrP yathanzi, yomwe imapangitsa kuti mapuloteni athanzi azipindanso mosavomerezeka.

Kukhutitsidwa kwa PrP kumayamba kudziunjikira ndikupanga ma clump mkati mwaubongo, kuwononga ndikupha ma cell amitsempha.

Kuwonongeka kumeneku kumapangitsa mabowo ang'onoang'ono kuti apange ziwalo zaubongo, kuwapangitsa kuti aziwoneka ngati siponji pansi pa microscope. M'malo mwake, mutha kuwonanso matenda a prion omwe amatchedwa "spongiform encephalopathies."

Mutha kukhala ndi matenda a prion m'njira zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zingaphatikizepo:

• Kupezeka. Kuwonetsedwa kwa PrP yachilendo kuchokera kwina kumatha kuchitika kudzera pachakudya kapena zida zachipatala.
• Choloŵa. Kusintha komwe kumapezeka mu jini komwe kumapangitsa PrP kumabweretsa kupanga PrP yolakwika.
• Nthawi zambiri. Kukhutitsidwa kwa PrP kumatha kukula popanda chifukwa chodziwika.

Mitundu yamatenda a prion

Matenda a Prion amatha kupezeka mwa anthu komanso nyama. M'munsimu muli mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda a prion. Zambiri zokhudzana ndi matenda aliwonse zimatsata tebulo.

Matenda a prion amunthu

• Matenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD). Choyamba chofotokozedwa mu 1920, CJD itha kupezeka, kulandira choloŵa, kapena kusintha apa ndi apo. Za CJD ndizochepa.
• Matenda osiyanasiyana a Creutzfeldt-Jakob (vCJD). Mtundu uwu wa CJD ungapezeke mwa kudya nyama yonyansa ya ng'ombe.
• Kupha Kwambiri Kwambiri (FFI). FFI imakhudza thalamus, yomwe ndi gawo laubongo wanu womwe umatha kugona ndikudzuka. Chimodzi mwazizindikiro zazikulu za vutoli chikuwonjezera vuto la kugona. Kusintha kumeneku kumachokera mwanjira yayikulu, kutanthauza kuti munthu wokhudzidwayo ali ndi mwayi wa 50 wowafalitsa kwa ana awo.
• Matenda a Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker (GSS). GSS imalandiridwanso. Monga FFI, imafalikira m'njira yayikulu. Zimakhudza cerebellum, yomwe ndi gawo laubongo lomwe limatha kuyendetsa bwino, kulumikizana, komanso kufanana.
• Kuru. Kuru adadziwika pagulu la anthu ochokera ku New Guinea. Matendawa amapatsirana kudzera muzochita zamwambo pomwe zotsalira za abale omwe adamwalira zidadyedwa.

Matenda a ziweto zanyama

• Matenda a spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Kawirikawiri amatchedwa "matenda a ng'ombe yamisala," matenda amtunduwu amakhudza ng'ombe. Anthu omwe amadya nyama kuchokera ku ng'ombe ndi BSE atha kukhala pachiwopsezo cha vCJD.
• Matenda osokoneza bongo (CWD). CWD imakhudza nyama monga nswala, mphalapala, ndi mphalapala. Amadzipangira dzina chifukwa chakuchepa kwambiri kolemera komwe kumawoneka munyama zodwala.
• Zowonjezera Scrapie ndiye mtundu wakale kwambiri wamatenda a prion, omwe adanenedwa kalekale ngati ma 1700s. Zimakhudza nyama monga nkhosa ndi mbuzi.
• Feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE). FSE imakhudza amphaka apanyumba ndi amphaka amtchire mu ukapolo. Milandu yambiri ya FSE yachitika ku United Kingdom ndi Europe.
• Transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME). Matenda achilendo kwambiri amakhudza mink. Mink ndi nyama yaying'ono yomwe nthawi zambiri imakwezedwa kuti apange ubweya.
• Sungani matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito spongiform. Matendawa ndi osowa kwambiri ndipo amakhudza nyama zosowa zomwe zimakhudzana ndi ng'ombe.

Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a prion?

Zinthu zingapo zimatha kukuyikani pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a prion. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Chibadwa. Ngati wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi matenda obadwa nawo, muli pachiwopsezo chambiri kuti musinthe.
• Zaka. Matenda a prionad amayamba kukhala achikulire.
• Zanyama. Kugwiritsa ntchito nyama zomwe zaipitsidwa ndi prion zitha kukupatsirani matenda a prion.
• Njira zamankhwala. Matenda a Prion amatha kufalikira kudzera mu zida zamankhwala zoyipa komanso minofu yamanjenje. Milandu yomwe izi zakhala zikuchitika zimaphatikizapo kufalikira kudzera m'matumba owonongeka kapena ziphuphu zazitali.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a prion ndi ziti?

Matenda a Prion amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri, nthawi zambiri pamadongosolo azaka zambiri. Zizindikiro zikayamba, zimangokulira pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zina mofulumira.

Zizindikiro zodziwika za matenda a prion ndi awa:

• zovuta ndi kuganiza, kukumbukira, ndi kuweruza
• kusintha kwa umunthu monga mphwayi, kukhumudwa, komanso kukhumudwa
• chisokonezo kapena kusokonezeka
• kupweteka kwa minofu (myoclonus)
• kutayika kwa mgwirizano (ataxia)
• kuvuta kugona (kusowa tulo)
• kuyankhula kovuta kapena kopanda tanthauzo
• Kulephera kuwona kapena khungu

Kodi matenda a prion amapezeka bwanji?

Popeza matenda a prion amatha kupereka zofananira ndi zovuta zina zama neurodegenerative, zimatha kukhala zovuta kuzizindikira.

Njira yokhayo yotsimikizirira kuti matenda a prion amapezeka kudzera mu biopsy yaubongo yomwe imachitika pambuyo paimfa.

Komabe, wothandizira zaumoyo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zizindikilo zanu, mbiri yazachipatala, ndi mayeso angapo kuti athandizire kupeza matenda a prion.

Mayeso omwe angagwiritse ntchito ndi awa:

• Kujambula kwamaginito (MRI). MRI imatha kupanga chithunzi chatsatanetsatane cha ubongo wanu. Izi zitha kuthandiza othandizira azaumoyo kuwona kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka ubongo komwe kumakhudzana ndi matenda a prion.
• Kuyesa kwa Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF imatha kusonkhanitsidwa ndikuyesedwa ngati zolembera zomwe zimakhudzana ndi neurodegeneration. Mu 2015, mayeso adapangidwa kuti azindikire makamaka zizindikilo za matenda amtundu wa prion.
• Electroencephalography (EEG). Kuyesaku kumalemba zochitika zamagetsi muubongo wanu.

Kodi matenda a prion amachiritsidwa bwanji?

Pakalipano palibe mankhwala ochizira matenda a prion. Komabe, chithandizo chimayang'ana kwambiri popereka chithandizo chothandizira.

Zitsanzo za chisamaliro ichi ndi monga:

• Mankhwala. Mankhwala ena amatha kuperekedwa kuti athandizire kuchiza matenda. Zitsanzo ndi izi:
  - kuchepetsa zizindikiritso zamaganizidwe ndi mankhwala opatsirana pogonana kapena mankhwala ogonetsa
  - kupereka mpumulo kupweteka pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opiate
  - kuchepetsa kupindika kwa minofu ndi mankhwala monga sodium valproate ndi clonazepam
• Kuthandiza. Matendawa akamakula, anthu ambiri amafunika kuthandizidwa kuti azisamalira komanso kuchita zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku.
• Kupereka hydration ndi michere. Pakadutsa matendawa, madzi amtundu wa IV kapena chubu chodyetsera chitha kufunikira.

Asayansi akupitiliza kugwira ntchito kuti apeze chithandizo choyenera cha matenda a prion.

Zina mwa zochiritsira zomwe zikufufuzidwa ndikuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ma anti-prion antibodies ndi "" zomwe zimalepheretsa kubwereza kwa PrP yachilendo.

Kodi matenda a prion amatha kupewedwa?

Njira zingapo zatengedwa kuti zisawononge matenda opatsirana a prion. Chifukwa cha izi, kupeza matenda a prion kuchokera ku chakudya kapena kuchipatala tsopano sikupezeka kwenikweni.

Zina mwazinthu zodzitetezera ndi izi:

• kukhazikitsa malamulo okhwima oitanitsa ng'ombe kuchokera kumayiko omwe BSE imachitika
• kuletsa ziwalo za ng'ombe monga ubongo ndi msana kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya cha anthu kapena nyama
• kuteteza omwe ali ndi mbiri yakale kapena omwe ali pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a prion kuti asapereke magazi kapena ziwalo zina
• Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zodabwitsira zolimba pazachipatala zomwe zakhudzana ndi minyewa yamunthu yemwe akumuganizira kuti ali ndi matenda a prion
• kuwononga zida zamankhwala zomwe zingatayike

Pakadali pano palibe njira yoletsera matenda obadwa nawo kapena obwera chifukwa cha matenda a prion.

Ngati wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi matenda obadwa nawo, mungaganize zokambirana ndi mlangizi wamtundu kuti mukambirane za chiopsezo chanu chodwala.

Zotenga zazikulu

Matenda a Prion ndi gulu losawerengeka la zovuta zamatenda am'mimba zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi mapuloteni opindika modabwitsa muubongo wanu.

Mapuloteni osungidwa bwino amapanga ma clump omwe amawononga maselo amitsempha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ubongo ugwire ntchito pang'onopang'ono.

Matenda ena opatsirana amatha kufalikira, pomwe ena amatha kupezeka kudzera pachakudya kapena zida zamankhwala. Matenda ena a prion amakula popanda chifukwa chodziwika.

Pakadali pano palibe mankhwala a matenda a prion. M'malo mwake, chithandizo chimayang'ana kwambiri popereka chisamaliro chothandizira komanso kuchepetsa zizindikiro.

Ofufuzawo akupitilizabe kuyesetsa kuti adziwe zambiri za matendawa ndikupanga njira zochiritsira.