Kupha poizoni

Mtovu ndi poyizoni wamphamvu kwambiri. Munthu akameza chinthu chomwe chili ndi mtovu kapena akupuma fumbi la mtovu, poizoni wina amatha kukhalabe mthupi ndipo angayambitse matenda ena.

Nkhaniyi ndi yongodziwa zambiri. MUSAMAGWIRITSE NTCHITO pofuna kuchiza kapena kusamalira poizoni weniweni. Ngati inu kapena munthu amene muli naye muli ndi chidziwitso, itanani nambala yanu yadzidzidzi (monga 911), kapena malo omwe muli poizoni kwanuko atha kufikiridwa mwachindunji poyimbira foni ya nambala yaulere ya Poison Help (1-800-222-1222) kuchokera kulikonse ku United States.

Mtsogoleri anali wofala kwambiri pamafuta ndi utoto wanyumba ku United States. Kwa ana, kuwonetsa kutsogolera nthawi zambiri kumachitika kudzera pakumeza. Ana okhala m'mizinda yokhala ndi nyumba zakale amakhala ndi mtovu wochuluka. Ku United States, akuti pafupifupi theka la miliyoni la ana azaka zapakati pa 5 mpaka 5 ali ndi mtovu wabwino m'magazi awo. Kwa achikulire, kuwonetsa kutsogolera nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha kupumira pantchito.

Ana othawa kwawo komanso othawa kwawo ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga poyizoni kuposa ana omwe amabadwira ku United States chifukwa chakudya ndi zina zowopsa asanafike ku United States.

Ngakhale mafuta ndi utoto sizipangidwanso ndi mtovu, mtovu akadali vuto laumoyo. Mtsogoleri ali paliponse, kuphatikizapo dothi, fumbi, zoseweretsa zatsopano, ndi utoto wakale wanyumba. Tsoka ilo, simukuwona, kulawa, kapena kununkhira mtovu.

Mu 2014, mabungwe azaumoyo akuti pafupifupi anthu kotala biliyoni padziko lonse lapansi anali ndi mulingo woopsa (wa poizoni) wamagazi.

Mtsogoleri amapezeka mu:

• Nyumba zopakidwa chisanafike 1978. Ngakhale utoto suzikhala, ungakhale vuto. Utoto wokhala patsogolo ndiwowopsa ukamang'ambidwa kapena kumenyedwa mumchenga. Izi zimatulutsa fumbi labwino kwambiri mumlengalenga. Makanda ndi ana omwe amakhala m'nyumba zisanafike zaka za 1960 (pomwe utoto nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi lead) amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha poyizoni wazitsulo. Ana aang'ono nthawi zambiri amameza tchipisi kapena fumbi la utoto wokhala ndi mtovu.
• Zoseweretsa ndi mipando zojambula pamaso pa 1976.
• Zojambula zojambula ndi zokongoletsa zopangidwa kunja kwa United States
• Kutsogolera zipolopolo, sinkers nsomba, zolemera nsalu yotchinga.
• Mapaipi, mapaipi, ndi mipope. Mtovu ukhoza kupezeka m'madzi akumwa m'nyumba zomwe zili ndi mapaipi omwe amalumikizidwa ndi lead solder. Ngakhale malamulo atsopano omangira nyumba amafunikira solder opanda lead, lead imapezekabe m'mapampu ena amakono.
• Nthaka yoyipitsidwa ndi utsi wazaka zambiri kapena zopaka utoto wanyumba. Mtovu umapezeka kwambiri m'nthaka pafupi ndi misewu ikuluikulu komanso nyumba.
• Zosangalatsa zophatikizira kupanga soldering, magalasi odetsedwa, kupanga zodzikongoletsera, kupanga poto, ndi ziwonetsero zazing'ono (nthawi zonse yang'anani zolemba).
• Maseti opaka ana ndi zinthu zaluso (nthawi zonse yang'anani zolemba).
• Pewter, magalasi ena, mitsuko yadongo kapena yonyezimira komanso chakudya chamadzulo.
• Mabatire a lead-acid, monga omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini zamagalimoto.

Ana amatenga mtovu m'matupi awo akaika zinthu zotsogolera mkamwa mwawo, makamaka ngati amezera zinthuzo. Amathanso kutenga poyizoni ndi zala zawo pogwira chinthu chafumbi kapena chosenda, kenako ndikuyika zala zawo pakamwa kapena kudya chakudya pambuyo pake. Ana amathanso kupuma tinthu tating'ono tating'ono.

Pali zizindikiro zambiri za poizoni wa mtovu. Mtovu ungakhudze magawo osiyanasiyana amthupi. Kutsogolera kamodzi kokha kumatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo zoopsa zadzidzidzi.

Komabe, ndizofala kwambiri kuti poyizoni wazitsulo amatha pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chodziwitsidwa mobwerezabwereza ndi mtovu wochepa. Poterepa, sipangakhale zisonyezo zowonekera. Popita nthawi, ngakhale kuchuluka kotsika kwa kutsogolera kumatha kuvulaza kukula kwamaganizidwe a mwana. Mavuto azaumoyo amakula pamene mulingo wa mtovu m'magazi ukukwera.

Mtsogoleri ndiwovulaza kwambiri ana kuposa achikulire chifukwa amatha kukhudza ana omwe akukula misempha ndi ubongo. Mwana wamng'ono, mtovu wovulaza kwambiri umatha. Ana osabadwa ndi amene ali pachiopsezo chachikulu.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo ndi awa:

• Khalidwe kapena mavuto
• Kulephera kusukulu
• Mavuto akumva
• Kuwonongeka kwa impso
• Kuchepetsa IQ
• Kuchepetsa kukula kwa thupi

Zizindikiro zakupha ndi lead zingaphatikizepo:

• Kupweteka m'mimba ndi kuphwanya (nthawi zambiri chimakhala chizindikiro choyamba cha mankhwala owopsa, owopsa a poizoni)
• Khalidwe lankhanza
• Kuchepa kwa magazi (kuchuluka kwama cell ofiira ofiira)
• Kudzimbidwa
• Zovuta kutenga pakati
• Kuvuta kugona
• Kupweteka mutu
• Kutaya kwakumva
• Kukwiya
• Kutaya maluso otukuka am'mbuyomu (mwa ana aang'ono)
• Chilakolako chochepa komanso mphamvu
• Kuchepetsa kutengeka

Kutsogola kwambiri kumatha kubweretsa kusanza, kutuluka magazi mkati, kuyenda modabwitsa, kufooka kwa minofu, kukomoka, kapena kukomoka.

Mutha kuchepetsa kupezeka kwa lead ndi izi:

• Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwina muli ndi utoto m'nyumba mwanu, pemphani upangiri wokhudza kuchotsedwa bwino ku National Lead Information Center - www.epa.gov/lead ku (800) 424-5323.
• Sungani nyumba yanu yopanda fumbi momwe mungathere.
• Muuzeni aliyense kuti asambe m'manja asanadye.
• Ponyani zoseweretsa zakale zopaka utoto ngati simukudziwa ngati utoto uli ndi lead.
• Lolani madzi apampopi azithamanga kwa miniti musanamwe kapena kuphika nawo.
• Ngati madzi anu ayesa kutsogola kwambiri, lingalirani kuyika chida chosungira bwino kapena kusinthana ndi madzi am'mabotolo kuti muzimwa ndi kuphika.
• Pewani zinthu zamzitini zochokera kumayiko akunja mpaka kuletsa kuyika zitini zogulitsa zitayamba kugwira ntchito.
• Ngati muli zotengera zakumwa zakunja zomwe zili ndi chojambulacho, pukutani mkombero ndi khosi la botolo ndi chopukutira chothira mandimu, viniga, kapena vinyo musanagwiritse ntchito.
• Musasunge vinyo, mizimu, kapena mavitamini opangidwa ndi vinyo wosasa m'miyeso yama kristalo kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa mtovu ungalowe m'madzi.

Fotokozerani izi:

• Msinkhu wa munthuyo, kulemera kwake, ndi mkhalidwe wake
• Dzinalo la chinthucho kapena chinthu chomwe mukuganiza kuti chidatsogolera
• Tsiku / nthawi yomwe mtsogoleriyo adameza kapena kupumira
• Ndalamazo zimameza kapena kupuma

Komabe, MUSachedwe kupempha thandizo ngati izi sizikupezeka nthawi yomweyo.

Ngati wina ali ndi zizindikilo zoopsa chifukwa chotsitsidwa ndi lead (monga kusanza kapena khunyu) imbani 911 mwachangu.

Kwa zizindikilo zina zomwe mukuganiza kuti zingayambitsidwe ndi poyizoni wa lead, imbani foni malo akomweko.

Malo anu olamulirako poizoni amatha kufikiridwa mwachindunji poyimbira foni yaulere ya dziko lonse (1-800-222-1222) kuchokera kulikonse ku United States. Nambala yoyimbira iyi ikulolani kuti mulankhule ndi akatswiri pankhani yakupha. Akupatsani malangizo ena.

Uwu ndi ntchito yaulere komanso yachinsinsi. Malo onse oletsa poizoni ku United States amagwiritsa ntchito nambala iyi. Muyenera kuyimba ngati muli ndi mafunso aliwonse okhudzana ndi poyizoni kapena kupewa poyizoni. SIYENERA kukhala mwadzidzidzi. Mutha kuyimba pazifukwa zilizonse, maola 24 patsiku, masiku 7 pasabata.

Kupatula pamavuto akulu pomwe wina wapezeka ndi chiwongolero chachikulu, ulendo wopita kuchipinda chadzidzidzi sofunikira. Lumikizanani ndi omwe amakuthandizani pa zaumoyo kapena dipatimenti yazaumoyo wa anthu ngati mukuganiza kuti kuthekera kotsika kungachitike.

Kuyezetsa magazi kungathandize kudziwa ngati pali vuto. Oposa 10 mcg / dL (0.48 µmol / L) ndichinthu chotsimikizika. Mipata pakati pa 2 ndi 10 mcg / dL (0.10 ndi 0.48 µmol / L) iyenera kukambidwa ndi dokotala wanu. M'mayiko ambiri, kuyezetsa magazi kumalimbikitsa ana ang'ono omwe ali pachiwopsezo.

Mayeso ena a labu atha kuphatikizira:

• Mafupa a mafupa (chitsanzo cha mafupa)
• Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwamagazi (CBC) ndi kuundana (kuthekera kwa magazi kuundana) maphunziro
• Erythrocyte protoporphyrin (mtundu wa protein / lead wopanga m'maselo ofiira amwazi)
• Mulingo wotsogolera
• X-ray ya mafupa ndi mimba yayitali

Kwa ana omwe magazi awo amatsogola pang'ono, zindikirani magwero onse oyambitsa kutsogolera ndikumusiyitsa mwanayo. Kutsata magazi motsatira kungafunike.

Chithandizo cha Chelation (mankhwala omwe amamangiriza kutsogolera) ndi njira yomwe imatha kuchotsa milingo yayikulu kwambiri yomwe yamanga mthupi la munthu pakapita nthawi.

Zikakhala kuti wina wadya mankhwala otsogolera pakanthawi kochepa, mankhwalawa akhoza kuchitidwa:

• Kuthirira matumbo (kutuluka kunja) ndi yankho la polyethylene glycol
• Kuchapa m'mimba (kutsuka m'mimba)

Akuluakulu omwe akhala akutsogolera bwino nthawi zambiri amachira popanda zovuta. Kwa ana, ngakhale poyizoni wofatsa atha kumakhudza chidwi cha anthu komanso IQ.

Anthu omwe ali ndi milingo yayikulu kwambiri amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chazovuta zanthawi yayitali. Ayenera kutsatira mosamala.

Mitsempha ndi minofu yawo imatha kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndipo mwina singagwire ntchito moyenera. Machitidwe ena amthupi amatha kuvulazidwa ndimadigiri osiyanasiyana, monga impso ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Anthu omwe amapulumuka mulingo woyambitsa wa poizoni amatha kuwonongeka ubongo nthawi zonse. Ana ali pachiwopsezo chazovuta zazitali.

Kuchira kwathunthu ku poyizoni wambiri kungatenge miyezi mpaka zaka.

Plumbism

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Mtsogoleri. www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/default.htm. Idasinthidwa pa Okutobala 18, 2018. Idapezeka pa Januware 11, 2019.

Markowitz M. Kutsogolera poyizoni. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 739.

Theobald JL, Mycyk MB. Iron ndi zitsulo zolemera. Mu: Makoma RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 151.