Kuika chiwindi

Kuika chiwindi ndiko opaleshoni m'malo mwa chiwindi chodwala ndi chiwindi chathanzi.

Chiwindi chomwe wapereka chitha kukhala kuchokera:

• Wopereka yemwe wamwalira posachedwa ndipo sanavulaze chiwindi. Wopereka wamtunduyu amatchedwa wopereka mphatso.
• Nthawi zina, munthu wathanzi amapereka gawo la chiwindi chake kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi chiwindi chodwala. Mwachitsanzo, kholo lingapereke ndalama kwa mwana. Wopereka wamtunduyu amatchedwa wopereka wamoyo. Chiwindi chimatha kudziyambiranso. Anthu onse awiriwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ziwindi zogwira bwino pambuyo pobzala bwino.

Chiwindi cha woperekayo chimanyamulidwa mu madzi ozizira amchere (saline) omwe amateteza limba mpaka maola 8. Mayeso ofunikira atha kuchitidwa kuti afananitse woperekayo ndi wolandirayo.

Chiwindi chatsopano chimachotsedwa kwa woperekayo kudzera pakucheka kwa opaleshoni m'mimba mwathu. Imaikidwa mwa munthu yemwe amafunika chiwindi (wotchedwa wolandila) ndikumangirizidwa pamitsempha yamagazi ndi timadontho ta bile. Kuchita izi kumatha kutenga maola 12. Wolandirayo nthawi zambiri amafunika magazi ochulukirapo kudzera mu kuthiridwa magazi.

Chiwindi chopatsa thanzi chimagwira ntchito zoposa 400 tsiku lililonse, kuphatikiza:

• Kupanga bile, komwe ndikofunikira pakupukusa
• Kupanga mapuloteni omwe amathandiza pakumanga magazi
• Kuchotsa kapena kusintha mabakiteriya, mankhwala, ndi poizoni m'magazi
• Kusunga shuga, mafuta, chitsulo, mkuwa, ndi mavitamini

Chifukwa chofala kwambiri chopatsira chiwindi mwa ana ndi biliary atresia. Mwambiri mwa zochitikazi, kumuika kumachokera kwa wopereka moyo.

Chifukwa chofala kwambiri chopatsira chiwindi mwa akuluakulu ndi matenda enaake. Cirrhosis ndikutupa kwa chiwindi komwe kumalepheretsa chiwindi kugwira ntchito bwino. Zitha kukulira kufooka kwa chiwindi. Zomwe zimayambitsa kufooka kwa mafupa ndi izi:

• Matenda a nthawi yayitali a hepatitis B kapena hepatitis C
• Kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa kwanthawi yayitali
• Cirrhosis chifukwa cha mafuta osamwa mowa chiwindi
• Pachimake kawopsedwe chifukwa cha bongo wa acetaminophen kapena chifukwa chodya bowa wakupha.
  

Matenda ena omwe angayambitse chiwindi ndi chiwindi kulephera ndi awa:

• Matenda a hepatitis
• Mitsempha yamagazi yamagazi (thrombosis)
• Chiwindi chikuwonongeka ndi poyizoni kapena mankhwala
• Mavuto ndi ma drainage system a chiwindi (thirakiti ya biliary), monga primary biliary cirrhosis kapena primary sclerosing cholangitis
• Matenda amtundu wamkuwa kapena chitsulo (Matenda a Wilson ndi hemochromatosis)

Kuchita opaleshoni yopatsira chiwindi nthawi zambiri sikulimbikitsidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi:

• Matenda ena, monga chifuwa chachikulu kapena osteomyelitis
• Zovuta zakumwa mankhwala kangapo tsiku lililonse kwa moyo wawo wonse
• Matenda a mtima kapena mapapo (kapena matenda ena owopsa)
• Mbiri ya khansa
• Matenda, monga matenda a chiwindi, omwe amadziwika kuti akugwira ntchito
• Kusuta, kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena zizolowezi zina pamoyo wanu

Zowopsa za anesthesia iliyonse ndi:

• Mavuto kupuma
• Zomwe zimachitika ndi mankhwala

Zowopsa za opaleshoni iliyonse ndi izi:

• Magazi
• Matenda a mtima kapena sitiroko
• Matenda

Kuchita opaleshoni ya chiwindi ndi kasamalidwe pambuyo pa opaleshoni kumakhala ndi zoopsa zazikulu. Pali chiopsezo chowonjezeka chotenga kachilombo chifukwa muyenera kumwa mankhwala omwe amaletsa chitetezo cha mthupi kuti muteteze kukanidwa. Zizindikiro za matendawa ndi monga:

• Kutsekula m'mimba
• Ngalande
• Malungo
• Jaundice
• Kufiira
• Kutupa
• Chifundo

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu adzakutumizirani kuchipatala. Gulu lolowetsamo lidzafuna kuwonetsetsa kuti ndinu woyenera kubzala chiwindi. Mupanga maulendo angapo kwa milungu ingapo kapena miyezi. Muyenera kukoka magazi ndikujambula ma x-ray.

Ngati ndiwe amene ukutenga chiwindi chatsopano, mayeso otsatirawa adzachitika ndondomekoyi isanakwane:

• Matishu ndi kulemba magazi kuti muwone kuti thupi lanu silingakane chiwindi chomwe mwapereka
• Kuyezetsa magazi kapena kuyesa khungu kuti muwone ngati alibe matenda
• Mayeso amtima monga ECG, echocardiogram, kapena catheterization yamtima
• Kuyesera kuyang'ana khansa yoyambirira
• Kuyesera kuti muwone chiwindi, ndulu, kapamba, matumbo ang'onoang'ono, ndi mitsempha yamagazi yozungulira chiwindi
• Colonoscopy, kutengera msinkhu wanu

Mungasankhe kuyang'ana malo amodzi kapena angapo kuti mumvetse zomwe zingakuthandizeni.

• Funsani malowa kuti ndi zingati zomwe amapanga chaka chilichonse, komanso momwe amapulumukira. Yerekezerani manambalawa ndi malo ena okuzira.
• Funsani magulu othandizira omwe ali nawo, ndi njira zomwe amayendera komanso nyumba zomwe amapereka.
• Funsani kuti nthawi yayitali ikudikirira kuti mumange chiwindi.

Ngati gulu lakuchotsa likuganiza kuti ndinu woyenera kubzala chiwindi, mudzaikidwa pamndandanda wodikirira.

• Malo anu pamndandanda woyembekezera amatengera zinthu zingapo. Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zimaphatikizapo mtundu wa mavuto amchiwindi omwe muli nawo, momwe matenda anu aliri oopsa, komanso kuthekera kwakuti kupatsirana kumachita bwino.
• Nthawi yomwe mumakhala pagulu lodikirira nthawi zambiri sizomwe zimayambitsa chiwindi, kupatula ana.

Pamene mukuyembekezera chiwindi, tsatirani izi:

• Tsatirani zakudya zilizonse zomwe gulu lanu limakulimbikitsani.
• Osamwa mowa.
• Osasuta.
• Sungani kulemera kwanu m'njira yoyenera. Tsatirani pulogalamu yochita zolimbitsa thupi zomwe woperekayo amalimbikitsa.
• Tengani mankhwala onse omwe akupatsani. Nenani zakusintha kwa mankhwala anu ndi zovuta zilizonse zatsopano kapena zoipira zamankhwala ku gulu lakuchotsa.
• Tsatirani ndi omwe mumakhala nawo nthawi zonse ndikuyika timu pazochitika zilizonse zomwe zapangidwa.
• Onetsetsani kuti gulu losanjikiza liri ndi manambala anu olondola, kuti athe kulumikizana nanu nthawi yomweyo chiwindi chikapezeka. Onetsetsani kuti, kulikonse komwe mukupita, mutha kulumikizidwa mwachangu komanso mosavuta.
• Khalani ndi zonse zokonzeka nthawi isanakwane kuti mupite kuchipatala.

Ngati mwalandira chiwindi chomwe mwapereka, mufunika kukhala mchipatala sabata limodzi kapena kupitilira apo. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kutsatiridwa mosamalitsa ndi dokotala kwa moyo wanu wonse. Mudzayesedwa magazi pafupipafupi mukamudula.

Nthawi yobwezeretsa ili pafupi miyezi 6 mpaka 12. Gulu lanu lakuchotsa lingakufunseni kuti mukhale pafupi ndi chipatala kwa miyezi itatu yoyambirira. Muyenera kuyesedwa pafupipafupi, ndikuyesedwa magazi ndi ma x-ray kwazaka zambiri.

Anthu omwe alandila chiwindi akhoza kukana chiwalo chatsopano. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chitetezo chamthupi chawo chimawona chiwindi chatsopano ngati chinthu chachilendo ndikuyesera kuchiwononga.

Pofuna kupewa kukanidwa, pafupifupi onse omwe akumulowetsani amafunika kumwa mankhwala omwe amaletsa chitetezo chawo chamthupi m'moyo wawo wonse. Izi zimatchedwa mankhwala a immunosuppressive. Ngakhale mankhwalawa amathandiza kupewa kukana ziwalo, zimaikanso anthu pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda ndi khansa.

Ngati mumamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, muyenera kuwunika khansa pafupipafupi. Mankhwalawa amathanso kuyambitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso cholesterol, komanso kukulitsa chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga.

Kuika bwino kumafuna kutsata mwatsatanetsatane ndi omwe amakupatsani. Muyenera kumwa mankhwala anu nthawi zonse monga momwe adanenera.

Kuika chiwindi; Kuika - chiwindi; Kuika chiwindi cha Orthotopic; Kulephera kwa chiwindi - kumuika chiwindi; Matenda enaake - kumuika chiwindi

• Kuphatikiza kwa chiwindi cha opatsa
• Kuika chiwindi - mndandanda

Carrion AF, kumuika kwa Martin Liver. Mu: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, olemba. Sleisenger ndi Matenda a Mimba ndi a Fordtran Amatenda a Chiwindi. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: mutu 97.

Everson GT. Kulephera kwa hepatic ndi kupatsira chiwindi Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 145.