Mlembi: Randy Alexander
Tsiku La Chilengedwe: 2 Epulo 2021
Sinthani Tsiku: 27 Jayuwale 2025
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Zamkati

Kodi jaundice ndi mitundu iti?

Jaundice imachitika pamene bilirubin yochuluka imakula m'magazi anu. Izi zimapangitsa khungu lanu komanso azungu anu kuwoneka achikaso modabwitsa.

Bilirubin ndi mtundu wachikasu wopangidwa chifukwa hemoglobin - gawo limodzi la maselo ofiira amwazi - imagawanika.

Nthawi zambiri, bilirubin imaperekedwa kuchokera m'magazi kupita m'chiwindi. Kenako, imadutsa m'machubu yotchedwa bile ducts. Mimbayi imanyamula chinthu chotchedwa bile m'matumbo mwanu. Pambuyo pake, bilirubin imatulutsidwa mthupi lanu kudzera mumkodzo kapena chopondapo.

Mitundu ya jaundice imagawidwa m'mene imachitikira mkati mwa chiwindi cholowetsera ndi kusefa bilirubin:

  • chisanachitike: pamaso pa chiwindi
  • chiwindi: pachiwindi
  • pambuyo pa chiwindi: pambuyo chiwindi

Zonse zokhudzana ndi jaundice isanachitike

Pre-hepatic jaundice imayambitsidwa ndi mikhalidwe yomwe imakulitsa kuchuluka kwa magazi anu a hemolysis. Imeneyi ndiyo njira yomwe maselo ofiira amagawanika, kutulutsa hemoglobin ndikusintha kukhala bilirubin.


Chifukwa chiwindi chimatha kupanga bilirubin wochuluka nthawi imodzi, bilirubin imasefukira m'matumba amthupi.

Matenda a pre-hepatic jaundice ndi awa:

  • malungo, matenda am'magazi amayamba chifukwa cha tiziromboti
  • sickle cell anemia, chibadwa chomwe ma cell ofiira ofiira amakhala owoneka ngati kachigawo m'malo mokhala ngati disc
  • spherocytosis, chibadwa cha maselo ofiira am'magazi omwe amawapangitsa kuti azikhala ozungulira m'malo mozungulira
  • thalassemia, chibadwa chomwe chimapangitsa thupi lanu kupanga mtundu wosazolowereka wa hemoglobin womwe umachepetsa kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira amwazi m'magazi anu

Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za jaundice zisanachitike zimaphatikizapo:

  • kupweteka m'mimba
  • malungo, kuphatikizapo kuzizira kapena thukuta lozizira
  • kuwonda kwapadera
  • kumva kuyabwa
  • mkodzo wamdima kapena chopondapo

Zina mwaziwopsezo zamtunduwu wa jaundice ndi izi:

  • kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
  • kukhala ndi wachibale yemwe ali ndi vuto lamagazi
  • Kuyenda madera omwe ali ndi malungo

Kuti mupeze matenda a jaundice asanakwane, dokotala wanu atha kuyitanitsa mayeso otsatirawa:


  • kusanthula kwamkodzo kuyeza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina mumkodzo wanu
  • kuyesa magazi, monga kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi (CBC) kapena kuyesa kwa chiwindi kuti muyese bilirubin ndi zinthu zina m'magazi
  • mayesero ojambula, monga MRI kapena ultrasound, kuti mufufuze chiwindi, ndulu, ndi ma ducts kuti muchepetse mitundu ina ya jaundice
  • kujambula kwa HIDA kuthandiza kupeza zotchinga kapena zina m'chiwindi, ndulu, ma ducts am'mimba, ndi matumbo ang'onoang'ono

Dokotala wanu angakudziwitseni kuti muli ndi jaundice isanachitike ngati mulibe vuto lililonse ndi bilirubin yomwe ikukonzedwa ndi chiwindi chanu kapena mkati mwa ndulu ndi ma biliary ducts.

Chithandizo cha matendawa asanachitike chiwindi chingaphatikizepo:

Za malungo:

  • mankhwala othandiza kuwononga tiziromboti komanso kupewa tizilomboti kuti tisayambitsenso chiwindi chanu

Kuchepetsa magazi m'thupi la sickle cell:

  • kuthiridwa magazi kuchokera kwa wopereka wathanzi
  • kukhazikitsanso madzi m'thupi mwa mtsempha (IV)
  • mankhwala amtundu uliwonse wamatenda omwe angayambitse vuto la khungu la zenga

Kwa spherocytosis:


  • kupatsidwa folic acid zowonjezera
  • Kuika magazi magazi m'thupi
  • opaleshoni yochotsa ndulu kuti athandizire kukulitsa moyo wama cell ofiira ndikuchepetsa mwayi wamiyala

Kwa thalassemia:

  • kuikidwa magazi
  • Kufalikira kwa mafupa
  • ndulu kapena opaleshoni yochotsa ndulu

Zonse zokhudzana ndi jaundice ya hepatic

Hepatic jaundice imachitika chiwindi cha chiwindi chanu chikakhala ndi zipsera (chotchedwa cirrhosis), chowonongeka, kapena chosagwira ntchito. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zisamagwire bwino ntchito poyerekeza ndi bilirubin m'magazi anu.

Popeza kuti silingathe kusefedwa m'thupi lanu kuti muchotse, bilirubin imakula mpaka m'magazi anu ambiri.

Matenda a hepatic jaundice ndi awa:

  • chiwindi cha chiwindi, chomwe chimatanthauza kuti ziwindi za chiwindi zimawonongeka chifukwa chokhala ndi matenda kwa nthawi yayitali kapena zinthu zowopsa, monga mowa wambiri
  • matenda a chiwindi, kutupa chiwindi chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi amodzi mwa ma virus omwe angalowe mthupi lanu kudzera mu chakudya, madzi, magazi, chopondapo, kapena kugonana
  • cirrhosis yoyamba ya biliary, yomwe imachitika ma ducts a bile akawonongeka ndipo sangathe kukonza bile, kuyipangitsa kuti izikhala mchiwindi ndi kuwononga minofu ya chiwindi
  • mowa wodwala chiwindi, momwe ziwindi za chiwindi zimasokonekera chifukwa chakumwa mowa kwambiri, kwakanthawi
  • leptospirosis, ndi kachilombo ka bakiteriya kamene kangafalitsidwe ndi nyama zomwe zili ndi kachilombo kapenanso mkodzo wa nyama kapena ndowe
  • khansa ya chiwindi, momwe ma cell a khansa amakula ndikuchulukana mkati mwa ziwindi za chiwindi

Zizindikiro zofala za jaundice ya hepatic ndi monga:

  • kusowa chilakolako
  • mphuno yamagazi
  • kuyabwa pakhungu
  • kufooka
  • kuwonda kwapadera
  • kutupa kwa mimba kapena miyendo yanu
  • mkodzo wamdima kapena chopondapo
  • kupweteka kwa minofu kapena mafupa anu
  • khungu lakuda
  • malungo
  • kumva kudwala
  • kutaya

Zina mwaziwopsezo zamtunduwu wa jaundice ndi izi:

  • kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
  • kumwa mowa wambiri nthawi yayitali
  • kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe angayambitse chiwindi, monga acetaminophen kapena mankhwala amtima
  • Matenda am'mbuyomu omwe adakhudza chiwindi chanu

Kuti mupeze matenda a jaundice a hepatic, dokotala wanu atha kuyitanitsa mayeso otsatirawa:

  • kusanthula kwamkodzo kuyeza kuchuluka kwa zinthu mumkodzo wanu zokhudzana ndi chiwindi chanu
  • kuyesa magazi, monga kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi (CBC) ndi mayeso a antibody, kapena kuyesa kwa chiwindi kuti muyese bilirubin m'magazi ndi magawo azinthu zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti chiwindi chanu sichingakonze bwino bilirubin
  • mayesero ojambula, monga MRI kapena ultrasound, kuti mufufuze chiwindi ngati sichikuwonongeka kapena ngati pali maselo a khansa
  • endoscopy, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuyika kachubu kocheperako, kounikira kaching'onoting'ono kuti muyang'ane chiwindi chanu ndikutenga minofu (biopsy) ngati kuli kofunikira kuti mufufuze za khansa kapena zinthu zina.

Dokotala wanu angakudziwitseni kuti ali ndi chiwindi cha hepatic ngati awona kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi pazotsatira zoyeserera kapena akuwona zinthu zina za chiwindi, monga albumin, kapena ma antibodies a matenda kapena khansa.

Chithandizo cha hepatic jaundice chingaphatikizepo:

Matenda a chiwindi:

  • kusiya kumwa
  • otchinga beta
  • mankhwala a intravenous (IV)
  • zakudya zopanda mapuloteni

Matenda a chiwindi:

  • mankhwala antiviral
  • Katemera wa chiwindi
  • kupumula ndi madzi ambiri

Kwa biliary cirrhosis woyambirira:

  • bile acids kuthandiza ndi chimbudzi
  • mankhwala ochepetsa ndulu
  • antihistamines ngati diphenhydramine (Benadryl) yoyabwa

Za matenda a chiwindi a mowa:

  • kusiya mowa
  • zowonjezera zakudya
  • Kuika chiwindi, pamavuto akulu

Kwa leptospirosis:

  • maantibayotiki opatsirana
  • mpweya wabwino wopumira
  • dialysis chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa impso

Khansa ya chiwindi:

  • chemotherapy kapena radiation kupha ma cell a khansa
  • chiwindi chotsalira
  • Kuika chiwindi

Zonse zokhudzana ndi jaundice pambuyo pa chiwindi

Post-hepatic, kapena obstundic jaundice, imachitika pamene bilirubin sichitha kuthiridwa bwino m'matope a bile kapena mundawo chifukwa chotseka.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a jaundice ndi awa:

  • ndulu, calcium yolimba imayika mu ndulu yomwe imatha kuletsa ma ducts
  • khansa ya kapamba, kukula ndi kufalikira kwa maselo a khansa m'matumba, chiwalo chomwe chimathandiza kutulutsa zakudya m'mimba
  • khansa ya bile, kukula ndi kufalikira kwa maselo a khansa m'mayendedwe anu a bile
  • kapamba, kutupa kapena matenda am'mimba
  • , chibadwa chomwe mumakhala ndi zotupa zochepa kapena zosowa

Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za jaundice pambuyo pa chiwindi ndi monga:

  • kumva kudwala
  • kutaya
  • mkodzo wamdima kapena chopondapo
  • kupweteka m'mimba
  • kutsegula m'mimba
  • kuwonda kwapadera
  • kuyabwa pakhungu
  • kutupa m'mimba
  • malungo

Zina mwaziwopsezo zamtunduwu wa jaundice ndi izi:

  • kukhala wonenepa kwambiri
  • kudya zakudya zamtundu wambiri, zopanda mafuta
  • kukhala ndi matenda ashuga
  • kukhala ndi mbiri yabanja yamiyala
  • kukhala wamkazi
  • kukalamba
  • kusuta fodya
  • kumwa mowa wambiri
  • kukhala ndi kutupa kapamba kapena matenda m'mbuyomu
  • kuwonetsedwa ndi mankhwala a mafakitale

Kuti mupeze matenda a jaundice omwe amabwera pambuyo pake, dokotala wanu atha kuyitanitsa mayeso otsatirawa:

  • kusanthula kwamkodzo kuyeza milingo yazinthu mkodzo wanu
  • kuyesa magazi, monga kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi (CBC) ndi mayeso a antibody a khansa, kapena kuyesa kwa chiwindi kuti athetse vuto la jaundice
  • mayesero ojambula, monga MRI kapena ultrasound, kuti mufufuze chiwindi, ndulu, ndi ma ducts a zotchinga monga ma gallstones kapena zotupa
  • endoscopy, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuyika chubu chowonda, chowala pansi pam'mero ​​kuti muwone chiwindi chanu, ndulu, kapena ma ducts ndikutenga nyemba ngati kuli kofunikira kuti mufufuze za khansa kapena zinthu zina.

Ngati dokotala akuwona cholepheretsa pazotsatira zoyeserera kapena atapeza ma antibodies ena omwe angasonyeze kuti ali ndi matenda kapena khansa, atha kuzindikira kuti jaundice yanu ndi yotsatira.

Chithandizo cha jaundice yotsatira yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha chiwindi chidzathetsa vutoli. Izi zikuphatikiza:

Kwa miyala yamtengo wapatali:

  • kusintha zakudya zanu kuti musiye kupanga miyala yamtengo wapatali
  • kuchotsa ndulu kapena ndulu yako kwathunthu
  • kumwa mankhwala kapena mankhwala osungunula ma gallstones

Khansa ya kapamba:

  • opaleshoni kuchotsa minofu ya khansa kapena kapamba wanu wonse
  • radiation kapena chemotherapy yowononga ma cell a khansa

Khansa ya bile:

  • Opaleshoni yochotsa timitsempha ta ndulu komanso ziwalo zina za chiwindi ndi kapamba
  • radiation kapena chemotherapy yowononga ma cell a khansa
  • Kuika chiwindi

Kwa kapamba:

  • kupumula
  • madzi amkati (IV) kapena mankhwala opweteka
  • opaleshoni kuti achotse chilichonse chomwe chimayambitsa kutupa (monga miyala yamtengo wapatali)

Kwa biliary atresia:

  • Ndondomeko ya Kasai yochotsa ndi kusintha ngalande
  • Kuika chiwindi

Zonse zokhudzana ndi jaundice ya neonatal

Jaundice ya Neonatal ndi mtundu wamba wa jaundice womwe umachitika kwa ana obadwa kumene.

Ana ambiri amabadwa ndi maselo ofiira ambiri, ndipo chifukwa chiwindi sichinakule bwino, bilirubin sichingakonzedwe mwachangu. Chotsatira chake, mwana wanu akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro za jaundice masiku angapo atabadwa.

Mitundu yamatenda amtundu wa neonatal ndi awa:

  • Zachilengedwe. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chiwindi sichinapangidwe bwino.
  • Kutha msanga. Izi zimadza chifukwa mwana amabadwa molawirira kwambiri ndikulephera kutulutsa bilirubin moyenera.
  • Kuyamwitsa. Mkaka wa m'mawere jaundice umachokera kwa mwana yemwe ali ndi vuto loyamwitsa kapena osapeza mkaka wa m'mawere wokwanira.
  • Mtundu wamagazi wosayenderana. Izi zimachokera kwa mwana ndi mayi kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagazi, zomwe zimatha kupangitsa kuti mayi apange ma antibodies omwe amawononga maselo ofiira a mwana wake.

Jaundice ya Neonatal sikumakhala nkhawa. Koma ngati bilirubin imakula kwambiri, mwana wanu amatha kuwonongeka ubongo (wotchedwa kernicterus) kuchokera ku bilirubin kulowa m'mitsempha yaubongo.

Pitani kuchipatala mwadzidzidzi mukawona kuti mwana wanu ali ndi izi:

  • nthawi yayitali yakulira kwambiri
  • kugwedeza khosi ndi kumbuyo kwawo
  • malungo
  • kutaya
  • kukhala ndi vuto kudyetsa

Maganizo ake

Jaundice momveka bwino amatanthauza kuti muli bilirubin wochuluka m'magazi anu, koma chomwe chimayambitsa chimasiyana mosiyanasiyana.

Onani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo ngati muwona khungu lanu lachikasu kapena maso anu oyera. Zina mwazifukwa zimatha kuchiritsidwa ndi kusintha kwa zakudya zanu kapena moyo wanu, koma ena angafunikire chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu kapena kwa nthawi yayitali.

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