Mlembi: Monica Porter
Tsiku La Chilengedwe: 22 Kuguba 2021
Sinthani Tsiku: 20 Novembala 2024
Anonim
Chilichonse Chimene Muyenera Kudziwa Ponena za Matenda Oopsa Am'mapapo - Thanzi
Chilichonse Chimene Muyenera Kudziwa Ponena za Matenda Oopsa Am'mapapo - Thanzi

Zamkati

Kodi matenda oopsa kwambiri ndi otani?

Matenda a m'mapapo mwanga (PAH), omwe kale ankadziwika kuti pulmonary hypertension, ndi mtundu wothamanga kwambiri wamagazi. Zimakhudza mitsempha yanu yam'mapapo ndi ma capillaries. Mitsempha yamagazi iyi imanyamula magazi kuchokera kuchipinda chakumanja chakumanja kwa mtima wanu (ventricle yakumanja) kupita m'mapapu anu.

Pamene kupanikizika kwa mitsempha yanu yam'mapapo ndi mitsempha yaying'ono yamagazi kumakulirakulira, mtima wanu uyenera kugwira ntchito molimbika kupopera magazi m'mapapu anu. Popita nthawi, izi zimafooketsa mtima wanu. Pambuyo pake, zimatha kubweretsa kulephera kwamtima ndi kufa.

Palibe mankhwala odziwika a PAH, koma njira zamankhwala zilipo. Ngati muli ndi PAH, chithandizo chingathandize kuchepetsa zizindikilo zanu, kuchepetsa mwayi wanu wamavuto, ndikuchulukitsa moyo wanu.

Zizindikiro za kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mapapo mwanga

Kumayambiriro kwa PAH, mwina simungakhale ndi zizindikiro zowonekera. Matendawa akayamba kukulirakulira, zizindikirazo zimawonekera kwambiri. Zizindikiro zodziwika ndizo:

  • kuvuta kupuma
  • kutopa
  • chizungulire
  • kukomoka
  • kuthamanga pachifuwa
  • kupweteka pachifuwa
  • kuthamanga kwambiri
  • kugunda kwa mtima
  • utoto wabuluu kumilomo yanu kapena pakhungu
  • kutupa kwa akakolo kapena miyendo yanu
  • kutupa ndimadzimadzi mkati mwa mimba yanu, makamaka magawo amtsogolo a vutoli

Mutha kuvutika kupuma panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena mitundu ina ya masewera olimbitsa thupi. Pambuyo pake, kupuma kumatha kukhala kovuta panthawi yopuma, inunso. Pezani momwe mungazindikire zizindikiro za PAH.


Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda am'mapapo

PAH imayamba pomwe mitsempha yam'mapapo ndi ma capillaries omwe amatengera magazi kuchokera mumtima mwanu kupita kumapapu anu amakhala ochepa kapena owonongeka. Izi zimaganiziridwa kuti zimayambitsidwa ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana, koma chifukwa chenicheni chomwe PAH imachitika sichidziwika.

Pafupifupi 15 mpaka 20% ya milandu, PAH idalandiridwa, malinga ndi National Organisation for Rare Disorder (NORD). Izi zimakhudza kusintha kwa majini komwe kumatha kuchitika mu BMPR2 jini kapena majini ena. Zosinthazi zitha kupitilizidwa kudzera m'mabanja, kuloleza munthu yemwe ali ndi chimodzi mwazimenezi atha kukhala ndi mwayi wopanga PAH.

Zina zomwe zingagwirizane ndi kukhala ndi PAH ndizo:

  • matenda aakulu a chiwindi
  • matenda obadwa nawo amtima
  • Matenda ena othandizira
  • matenda ena, monga kachirombo ka HIV kapena schistosomiasis
  • poizoni kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuphatikizapo mankhwala osokoneza bongo (methamphetamines) kapena pakadali pano osagulitsa chilakolako chofuna kudya

Nthawi zina, PAH imayamba popanda chifukwa chodziwika. Izi zimadziwika kuti idiopathic PAH. Dziwani momwe matenda opatsirana a PAH amapezedwera ndikuchiritsidwa.


Kuzindikira kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mapapo mwanga

Ngati dokotala akukayikira kuti mwina muli ndi PAH, atha kuyitanitsa mayeso amodzi kapena angapo kuti awone mitsempha yanu yam'mapapo ndi mtima.

Kuyesa kwa kupeza PAH kungaphatikizepo:

  • electrocardiogram kuti muwone ngati pali zovuta kapena zovuta zina mumtima mwanu
  • echocardiogram kuti muwone momwe mtima wanu umagwirira ntchito komanso kuyeza kuthamanga kwamitsempha yam'mapapo
  • X-ray pachifuwa kuti muphunzire ngati mitsempha yanu yam'mapapo kapena chipinda chakumanja chakumanja chamakulitsidwa
  • CT scan kapena MRI scan kuti ayang'ane magazi a magazi, kuchepa, kapena kuwonongeka m'mitsempha yanu yam'mapapo
  • Catheterization yamtima woyenera kuti muyese kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mitsempha yanu yam'mapapo komanso ventricle wamtima wanu
  • Kuyesa kwamapapu kuti muwone kutuluka ndi kutuluka kwa mpweya m'mapapu anu
  • Kuyezetsa magazi kuti muwone ngati pali zinthu zokhudzana ndi PAH kapena matenda ena

Dokotala wanu amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mayesowa kuti muwone ngati ali ndi PAH, komanso zina zomwe zingayambitse matenda anu. Adzayesa kuthana ndi zina zomwe zingayambitse matendawa asanazindikire kuti ndi PAH. Pezani zambiri za njirayi.


Chithandizo cha kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mapapo mwanga

Pakadali pano, palibe mankhwala odziwika a PAH, koma chithandizo chitha kuchepetsa zisonyezo, kuchepetsa mavuto azovuta, komanso kutalikitsa moyo.

Mankhwala

Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto lanu, dokotala wanu akhoza kukupatsani mankhwala amodzi kapena angapo otsatirawa:

  • Thandizo la prostacyclin kuti muchepetse mitsempha yanu
  • sungunuka guanylate cyclase othandizira kuti achepetse mitsempha yanu
  • otsutsa a endothelin receptor kuti aletse ntchito ya endothelin, chinthu chomwe chingayambitse mitsempha yanu
  • maanticoagulants kupewa mapangidwe a magazi

Ngati PAH ikukhudzana ndi matenda ena, dokotala wanu akhoza kukupatsani mankhwala ena othandizira kuthana ndi vutoli. Atha kusinthanso mankhwala aliwonse omwe mungamwe pano. Pezani zambiri za mankhwala omwe dokotala angakupatseni.

Opaleshoni

Malingana ndi momwe matenda anu aliri oopsa, dokotala wanu angakupatseni chithandizo chamankhwala. Atrial septostomy itha kuchitidwa kuti muchepetse kupanikizika kumanja kwa mtima wanu, ndipo kumuika m'mapapu kapena mtima ndi mapapo kumatha kusintha ziwalo zomwe zawonongeka.

Mu septostomy ya atrial, dokotala wanu akhoza kutsogolera catheter kudzera m'mitsempha yanu yapakati kupita kuchipinda chakumanja cha mtima wanu. M'chipinda chapamwamba cha septum (mzere pakati pa mbali yakumanja ndi kumanzere kwa mtima), kudutsa kuchokera kuchipinda chakumanja kupita kumanzere, apanga zotsegulira. Pambuyo pake, amakoka buluni yaying'ono kumapeto kwa catheter kuti ichepetse kutsegula ndikupangitsa magazi kuti azitha kuyenderera pakati pazipinda zakumwamba za mtima wanu, kuti muchepetse kupanikizika kumanja kwa mtima wanu.

Ngati muli ndi vuto lalikulu la PAH lomwe limakhudzana ndi matenda am'mapapo akulu, kumayikidwa m'mapapo kungalimbikitsidwe. Mwanjira imeneyi, dokotala wanu amachotsa mapapu anu amodzi kapena onse ndikuwasintha ndi mapapu kuchokera kwa woperekera ziwalo.

Ngati inunso muli ndi matenda a mtima kapena kulephera kwa mtima, dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni kuti muike mtima wowonjezerapo kuphatikiza pakuyika m'mapapo.

Zosintha m'moyo

Kusintha kwa moyo wanu kuti musinthe momwe mumadyera, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kapena zizolowezi zina zatsiku ndi tsiku zitha kuthandiza kuti muchepetse zovuta za PAH. Izi zikuphatikiza:

  • kudya chakudya chopatsa thanzi
  • kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi
  • kuonda kapena kukhala wathanzi labwino
  • kusiya kusuta fodya

Kutsatira ndondomeko ya chithandizo cha dokotala kungakuthandizeni kuchepetsa zizindikilo zanu, kuchepetsa mavuto omwe angakhalepo pazovuta, komanso kutalikitsa moyo wanu. Phunzirani zambiri za njira zamankhwala za PAH.

Kutalika kwa moyo wokhala ndi matenda oopsa a m'mapapo mwanga

PAH ndiyomwe ikupita patsogolo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimawonjezeka pakapita nthawi. Anthu ena amatha kuwona zizindikiro zikuwonjezereka mwachangu kuposa ena.

Kafukufuku wa 2015 wofalitsidwa posanthula zaka zisanu za kupulumuka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a PAH ndipo adapeza kuti pamene izi zikuyenda, zaka zisanu zapulumuka zimachepa.

Nawa ofufuza opulumuka azaka zisanu omwe apeza gawo lililonse.

  • Gulu 1: 72 mpaka 88%
  • Gulu 2: 72 mpaka 76%
  • Gulu 3: 57 mpaka 60 peresenti
  • Gulu 4: 27 mpaka 44 peresenti

Ngakhale kulibe mankhwala, kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa kwa chithandizo kwathandiza kukonza malingaliro a anthu omwe ali ndi PAH. Dziwani zambiri za kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi PAH.

Magawo am'mapapo ochepa oopsa

PAH imagawika magawo anayi kutengera kuopsa kwa zizindikilo.

Malinga ndi zomwe bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) linakhazikitsa, PAH imagawidwa m'magulu anayi ogwira ntchito:

  • Gulu 1. Chikhalidwe sichimachepetsa zochitika zanu zakuthupi. Simukumana ndi zizindikilo zilizonse zowonekera munthawi ya masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kupumula.
  • Gulu 2. Vutoli limalepheretsa pang'ono kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Mumakhala ndi zidziwitso zooneka bwino nthawi yakulimbitsa thupi, koma osati nthawi yopuma.
  • Gulu 3. Vutoli limakulepheretsani kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Mumakhala ndi zizindikilo panthawi yolimbitsa thupi pang'ono komanso zolimbitsa thupi, koma osati nthawi yopuma.
  • Gulu 4. Simungathe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi opanda zizindikilo. Mumakhala ndi zizindikiro zowonekera, ngakhale nthawi yopuma. Zizindikiro za kulephera kwa mtima wakumanja zimakonda kuchitika panthawiyi.

Ngati muli ndi PAH, gawo lanu lingakhudze njira yomwe dokotala angalandire. Pezani zomwe mukufuna kuti mumvetsetse momwe izi zimachitikira.

Mitundu ina yamatenda oopsa

PAH ndi amodzi mwa mitundu isanu yamatenda oopsa (PH). Amadziwikanso kuti Gulu 1 PAH.

Mitundu ina ya PH ndi iyi:

  • Gulu 2 PH, lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimakhudza mbali yakumanzere ya mtima wanu
  • Gulu 3 PH, lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi kupuma kwina m'mapapu
  • Gulu 4 PH, yomwe imatha chifukwa cha kuundana kwamagazi kosalekeza m'zotengera m'mapapu anu
  • Gulu 5 PH, lomwe lingachitike chifukwa cha matenda ena osiyanasiyana

Mitundu ina ya PH imachiritsidwa kuposa ina. Tengani kamphindi kuti mudziwe zambiri zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya PH.

Kulosera zam'mapapo mwanga kuthamanga kwa magazi

M'zaka zaposachedwa, njira zamankhwala zasintha kwa anthu omwe ali ndi PAH. Koma palibe mankhwala ochiritsira vutoli.

Kuzindikira koyambirira ndi chithandizo kumathandizira kuti muchepetse zizindikiritso zanu, kuchepetsa ziwopsezo zanu, ndikuchulukitsa moyo wanu ndi PAH. Werengani zambiri za momwe chithandizo chingakhudzire malingaliro anu ndi matendawa.

Matenda oopsa m'mimba mwa makanda obadwa kumene

Nthawi zambiri, PAH imakhudza makanda obadwa kumene. Izi zimadziwika kuti kuthamanga kwa m'mapapo kwa mwana wakhanda (PPHN). Zimachitika pamene mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imapita m'mapapu a mwana samachepetsa bwino akabadwa.

Zowopsa za PPHN ndizo:

  • matenda a fetus
  • mavuto aakulu panthawi yobereka
  • mavuto am'mapapo, monga mapapu omwe sanakule bwino kapena matenda opumira

Ngati mwana wanu amapezeka kuti ali ndi PPHN, adokotala amayesa kuchepetsa mitsempha yamagazi m'mapapu awo ndi mpweya wowonjezera. Dokotala angafunikirenso kugwiritsa ntchito makina opumira kuti athandize kupuma kwa mwana wanu.

Chithandizo choyenera komanso munthawi yake chingathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha mwana wanu pakuchedwa kukula komanso kulumala pantchito, kuthandiza kukonza mwayi wopulumuka.

Malangizo okhudzana ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mapapo mwanga

Mu 2014, American College of Chest Physicians adatulutsa chithandizo cha PAH. Kuphatikiza pa malingaliro ena, malangizowa amalangiza kuti:

  • Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi PAH komanso omwe ali ndi Kalasi 1 PAH ayenera kuyang'aniridwa pakukula kwa zizindikilo zomwe zingafune chithandizo.
  • Ngati kuli kotheka, anthu omwe ali ndi PAH ayenera kuyesedwa kuchipatala chomwe chiri ndi ukadaulo wodziwa PAH, bwino asanayambe kulandira chithandizo.
  • Anthu omwe ali ndi PAH ayenera kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala aliwonse omwe angayambitse matendawa.
  • Anthu omwe ali ndi PAH ayenera kulandira katemera wa fuluwenza ndi chibayo cha pneumococcal.
  • Anthu omwe ali ndi PAH ayenera kupewa kukhala ndi pakati. Akakhala ndi pakati, ayenera kulandira chisamaliro kuchokera ku gulu lazachipatala lomwe limaphatikizapo akatswiri omwe ali ndi vuto la kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mapapo.
  • Anthu omwe ali ndi PAH ayenera kupewa opaleshoni yosafunikira. Ngati akuyenera kuchitidwa opaleshoni, ayenera kulandira chisamaliro kuchokera ku gulu lazachipatala lomwe limaphatikizapo akatswiri omwe ali ndi ukadaulo wamagazi m'mapapo.
  • Anthu omwe ali ndi PAH ayenera kupewa kupezeka kumtunda, kuphatikizapo kuyenda pandege. Ngati akuyenera kukwera kumtunda, ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wowonjezera pakufunika.

Malangizowa amapereka ndondomeko ya momwe angasamalirire anthu omwe ali ndi PAH. Chithandizo chanu pawokha chimadalira mbiri yanu yamankhwala komanso zomwe mukukumana nazo.

Funso:

Kodi pali njira zomwe wina angatenge kuti ateteze PAH?

Wosadziwika wodwala

Yankho:

Kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mapapo sikungalephereke nthawi zonse. Komabe, zina zomwe zingayambitse PAH zitha kupewedwa kapena kuwongoleredwa kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chokhala ndi PAH. Izi zimaphatikizapo matenda amitsempha yamagazi, kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda a chiwindi (omwe nthawi zambiri amakhudzana ndi chiwindi chamafuta, mowa, ndi matenda a chiwindi), HIV, ndi matenda am'mapapo, makamaka okhudzana ndi kusuta komanso kuwonekera kwa chilengedwe.

Graham Rogers, MDAnswers akuyimira malingaliro a akatswiri athu azachipatala. Zonse zomwe zili ndizachidziwikire ndipo siziyenera kuonedwa ngati upangiri wa zamankhwala.

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