Matenda okhumudwa

Kukhumudwa kumatha kufotokozedwa ngati kumva chisoni, buluu, wosasangalala, womvetsa chisoni, kapena wotsika m'malo otayira. Ambiri a ife timamva motere nthawi ina kapena nthawi ina kwakanthawi kochepa.

Matenda okhumudwa ndimatenda amisala momwe kukhumudwa, kutayika, mkwiyo, kapena kukhumudwitsidwa kumasokoneza moyo watsiku ndi tsiku kwamasabata kapena kupitilira apo.

Kukhumudwa kumatha kuchitika mwa anthu azaka zonse:

• Akuluakulu
• Achinyamata
• Okalamba okalamba

Zizindikiro zakukhumudwa ndi monga:

• Kusakhazikika kapena kukwiya nthawi zambiri
• Kuvuta kugona kapena kugona kwambiri
• Kusintha kwakukulu pakudya, nthawi zambiri ndi kunenepa kapena kutaya
• Kutopa ndi kusowa mphamvu
• Kudzimva wopanda pake, kudzida, komanso kudziimba mlandu
• Zovuta kukhazikika
• Pang`onopang`ono kapena kudya kayendedwe
• Kusachita ntchito komanso kupewa zochitika zanthawi zonse
• Kukhala wopanda chiyembekezo kapena wopanda thandizo
• Maganizo obwereza kapena akudzipha
• Kusakhala ndi zosangalatsa zomwe mumakonda, kuphatikizapo kugonana

Kumbukirani kuti ana atha kukhala ndi zizindikilo zosiyana ndi za akulu. Onani zosintha zakusukulu, kugona, ndi machitidwe. Ngati mumakayikira ngati mwana wanu akhoza kukhala wopanikizika, kambiranani ndi omwe akukuthandizani. Wothandizira anu akhoza kukuthandizani kuphunzira momwe mungathandizire mwana wanu wamavuto.

Mitundu yayikulu ya kukhumudwa ndi monga:

• Kukhumudwa kwakukulu. Zimachitika pomwe kukhumudwa, kutayika, mkwiyo, kapena kukhumudwitsidwa kusokoneza moyo watsiku ndi tsiku kwamasabata kapena nthawi yayitali.
• Kukhalitsa kwachisokonezo. Ichi ndi chisokonezo chomwe chimatha zaka 2. Pakapita nthawi yayitali, mutha kukhala ndi nthawi yachisoni chachikulu, nthawi zina pamene matenda anu amakhala ochepa.

Mitundu ina yodziwika ya kukhumudwa ndi monga:

• Kukhumudwa pambuyo pa kubereka. Amayi ambiri amakhumudwa akakhala ndi mwana. Komabe, kukhumudwa koona pambuyo pobereka kumakhala koopsa kwambiri ndipo kumaphatikizaponso zizindikiro zakukhumudwa kwakukulu.
• Matenda a Premenstrual dysphoric (PMDD). Zizindikiro zakukhumudwa zimachitika sabata imodzi musanabadwe ndipo zimasowa mukatha msambo.
• Matenda osokoneza nyengo (SAD). Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri kugwa ndi nthawi yozizira, ndipo zimasowa nthawi yachilimwe ndi chilimwe. Zili choncho chifukwa cha kusowa kwa dzuwa.
• Kukhumudwa kwakukulu ndi mawonekedwe a psychotic. Izi zimachitika ngati munthu ali ndi vuto la kukhumudwa komanso kusagwirizana ndi zenizeni (psychosis).

Bipolar disorder imachitika kukhumudwa kumasintha ndi mania (omwe kale ankatchedwa manic depression). Matenda a bipolar amakhala ndi vuto la kukhumudwa ngati chimodzi mwazizindikiro zake, koma ndi mtundu wina wamatenda amisala.

Matenda okhumudwa nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mabanja. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha majini anu, makhalidwe omwe mumaphunzira kunyumba, kapena malo omwe mumakhala. Kukhumudwa kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi zovuta kapena zosasangalatsa pamoyo. Nthawi zambiri, ndizophatikiza izi.

Zinthu zambiri zimatha kubweretsa kukhumudwa, kuphatikiza:

• Mowa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Matenda azachipatala, monga khansa kapena ululu wanthawi yayitali
• Zochitika pamoyo wopanikizika, monga kuchotsedwa ntchito, kusudzulana, kapena kumwalira kwa wokondedwa kapena wachibale wina
• Kudzipatula pagulu (komwe kumayambitsa kukhumudwa kwa okalamba)

Imbani 911 kapena nambala yadzidzidzi yakomweko, kapena itanani ndi hotline yodzipha, kapena pitani kuchipatala chapafupi ngati mukuganiza zodzipweteka nokha kapena ena.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati:

• Mumamva mawu omwe kulibe.
• Umalira nthawi zambiri popanda chifukwa.
• Kukhumudwa kwanu kwakhudza ntchito yanu, sukulu, kapena moyo wabanja kwanthawi yayitali kuposa milungu iwiri.
• Muli ndi zizindikiro zitatu kapena zingapo zakusokonezeka.
• Mukuganiza kuti imodzi mwa mankhwala anu apano mwina ikukupangitsani kuti mukhale osasangalala. Musasinthe kapena kusiya kumwa mankhwala osalankhula ndi omwe akukuthandizani.
• Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwana wanu kapena wachinyamata akhoza kukhala wokhumudwa.

Muyeneranso kuyitanitsa wothandizira wanu ngati:

• Mukuganiza kuti muyenera kuchepetsa kumwa mowa
• Wachibale kapena mnzanu wakupemphani kuti muchepetse kumwa mowa
• Mumadziimba mlandu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mowa womwe mumamwa
• Mumamwa mowa m'mawa

Zosangalatsa; Dothi; Chisoni; Kusungunuka

• Kukhumudwa kwa ana
• Matenda okhumudwa ndi matenda amtima
• Kukhumudwa komanso kusamba
• Kukhumudwa komanso kusowa tulo

Tsamba la American Psychiatric Association. Matenda okhumudwa. Mu: American Psychiatric Association. Kusanthula ndi Buku Lophatikiza la Mavuto Amisala. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: Kusindikiza kwa Psychiatric kwa America. 2013: 155-188.

Fava M, Østergaard SD, Cassano P. Mavuto am'maganizo: Matenda okhumudwa (kusokonezeka kwakukulu). Mu: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, olemba. Chipatala cha Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. Wachiwiri ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 29.

Kraus C, Kadriu B, Lanzenberger R, Zarate Jr CA, Kasper S. Prognosis ndi zotsatira zabwino pakukhumudwa kwakukulu: kuwunika. Tanthauzirani Psychiatry. 2019; 9 (1): 127. PMID: 30944309 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30944309/.

Walter HJ, DeMaso DR. Matenda amisala. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chaputala 39.

Zuckerbrot RA, Cheung A, Jensen PS, Stein REK, Laraque D; WOSANGALALA-PC KUYANG'ANIRA GULU. Malangizo okhudzana ndi kukhumudwa kwa achinyamata mu chisamaliro choyambirira (GLAD-PC): gawo I. Yesetsani kukonzekera, kuzindikira, kuwunika, ndi kuwongolera koyambirira. Matenda. 2018; 141 (3). pii: e20174081. PMID: 29483200 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29483200/.