Mtundu wa khungu wolimba

Mtundu wofiirira wa khungu ndi madera omwe khungu lawo limakhala lachilendo ndi malo opepuka kapena akuda. Khungu loyenda kapena lamiyendo limatanthawuza kusintha kwamitsempha yamagazi pakhungu lomwe limayambitsa mawonekedwe owoneka bwino.

Khungu losasintha kapena losasunthika limatha kuyambitsidwa ndi:

• Kusintha kwa melanin, chinthu chomwe chimapangidwa m'maselo apakhungu chomwe chimapatsa khungu mtundu wake
• Kukula kwa mabakiteriya kapena zamoyo zina pakhungu
• Mitsempha yamagazi (mitsempha) imasintha
• Kutupa chifukwa cha zotupa zina

Zotsatirazi zitha kuwonjezera kapena kuchepetsa kupanga melanin:

• Chibadwa chanu
• Kutentha
• Kuvulala
• Kuwonetsedwa ndi radiation (monga dzuwa)
• Kuwonetsedwa pazitsulo zolemera
• Kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni
• Zinthu zina monga vitiligo
• Matenda ena a mafangasi
• Ziphuphu zina

Kuwonetsedwa ndi dzuwa kapena kuwala kwa ultraviolet (UV), makamaka mutamwa mankhwala otchedwa psoralens, kumatha kukulitsa khungu (pigmentation). Kuchulukitsa kwa mtundu wa pigment kumatchedwa hyperpigmentation, ndipo kumatha kubwera chifukwa cha zotupa zina komanso kuwonekera padzuwa.

Kuchepetsa kupanga utoto kumatchedwa hypopigmentation.

Kusintha kwa mtundu wa khungu kumatha kukhala kwawo, kapena kumatha chifukwa cha matenda ena kapena zovuta zina.

Kuchuluka kwa khungu lomwe muli nalo kungakuthandizeni kudziwa matenda amtundu wa khungu omwe mungakhale nawo. Mwachitsanzo, anthu akhungu lowala amazindikira kutentha kwa dzuwa komanso kuwonongeka. Izi zimadzetsa chiopsezo cha khansa yapakhungu. Koma ngakhale kwa anthu akhungu lakuda, dzuwa likamalowa kwambiri limatha kuyambitsa khansa yapakhungu.

Zitsanzo za khansa yapakhungu kwambiri ndi basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, ndi khansa ya pakhungu.

Nthawi zambiri, kusintha kwa khungu kumadzikongoletsa ndipo sikukhudza thanzi lathu. Koma, kupsinjika kwamaganizidwe kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa pigment. Kusintha kwamitundu ina kungakhale chizindikiro choti muli pachiwopsezo cha zovuta zina zamankhwala.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kusintha kwa pigment zimatha kuphatikizira izi:

• Ziphuphu
• Malo a Café-au-lait
• Mabala, mabala, zilonda, kulumidwa ndi tizilombo komanso matenda ang'onoang'ono pakhungu
• Chidwi
• Melasma (chloasma)
• Khansa ya pakhungu
• Timadontho (nevi), thunthu losamba nevi, kapena chimphona chachikulu
• Dermal melanocytosis
• Pityriasis alba
• Thandizo la radiation
• Ziphuphu
• Kuzindikira dzuwa chifukwa cha mankhwala kapena mankhwala ena
• Kupsa ndi dzuwa kapena dzuwa
• Mtundu wosiyanasiyana
• Kugwiritsa ntchito zoteteza ku dzuwa mosagwirizana, komwe kumabweretsa madera owotchera, kuwotcha, osatenthedwa
• Vitiligo
• Acanthosis nigricans

Nthawi zina, khungu labwinobwino limabwerera lokha.

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta opaka mankhwala omwe amatsuka kapena kupeputsa khungu kuti lichepetse kusinthasintha kwa khungu kapena kamvekedwe kake ka khungu komwe malo opatsirana amakhala akulu kapena owonekera. Funsani dermatologist wanu woyamba za mankhwala amenewa. Tsatirani malangizo omwe ali phukusi la momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mankhwalawa.

Selenium sulfide (Selsun Blue), ketoconazole, kapena tolnaftate (Tinactin) lotion itha kuthandizira tinea versicolor, yomwe ndi matenda a fungal omwe amatha kuwoneka ngati zigamba zosasinthasintha. Lemberani monga mwawuzidwa kudera lomwe lakhudzidwa tsiku lililonse mpaka zigamba zosokonekera zitayika. Tinea versicolor nthawi zambiri imabwerera, ngakhale italandira chithandizo.

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zodzoladzola kapena utoto wa khungu kubisa kusintha kwa khungu. Zodzoladzola zitha kuthandizanso kubisa khungu lamatawuni, koma silithetsa vutoli.

Pewani kutentha kwambiri kwa dzuwa ndikugwiritsanso ntchito zotchinga dzuwa ndi SPF ya anthu osachepera 30. Khungu ladzala ndi khungu limawotcha mosavuta, ndipo khungu lofufutidwa limatha kuda kwambiri. Mwa anthu akhungu lakuda, kuwonongeka kwa khungu kumatha kuyambitsa matendawa.

Lumikizanani ndi dokotala ngati:

• Muli ndi kusintha kwa khungu kosatha komwe kulibe chifukwa chodziwika
• Mukuwona mole yatsopano kapena kukula kwina
• Kukula komwe kulipo kwasintha mtundu, kukula, kapena mawonekedwe

Dokotala amayesa khungu lanu mosamala ndikufunsani za mbiri yanu yamankhwala. Mudzafunsidwanso za khungu lanu, monga momwe mudazindikira koyamba khungu lanu, ngati lidayamba mwadzidzidzi, komanso ngati munavulala pakhungu.

Mayeso omwe angachitike ndi awa:

• Zolemba za zotupa pakhungu
• Khungu lakhungu
• Nyali yamatabwa (kuwala kwa ultraviolet) khungu
• Kuyesa magazi

Chithandizo chidzadalira matenda akhungu lanu.

Dyschromia; Kuyenda

• Acanthosis nigricans - kutseka
• Acanthosis nigricans padzanja
• Neurofibromatosis - chimphona cafe-au-lait malo
• Vitiligo - mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Vitiligo pankhope
• Halo nevus

Calonje E, Brenn T, Lazar AJ, Billings SD. Matenda a pigmentation. Mu: Calonje E, Brenn T, Lazar AJ, Billings SD, eds. Matenda a McKee a Khungu. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 20.

Patterson JW. Matenda a pigmentation. Mu: Patterson JW, mkonzi. Matenda a Khungu la Weedon. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: mutu 11.

Ubriani RR, Clarke LE, Ming INE. Matenda osatuluka m'mitsempha. Mu: Busam KJ, mkonzi. Matenda Opopa Matenda. Wachiwiri ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: mutu 7.