Gulu la kachilombo ka hepatitis

Gawo la kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a chiwindi ndi mayeso angapo amwazi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire matenda aposachedwa kapena apakale a hepatitis A, hepatitis B, kapena hepatitis C. Imatha kuwunikira magawo amwazi amtundu umodzi wamatenda amtundu umodzi nthawi imodzi.

Mayeso a antibody ndi antigen amatha kuzindikira mitundu yonse ya ma virus a hepatitis.

Chidziwitso: Hepatitis D imangobweretsa matenda mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi a B. Simawunika pafupipafupi pa gulu la oteteza a hepatitis.

Magazi nthawi zambiri amatengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha kuchokera mkati mwa chigongono kapena kumbuyo kwa dzanja. Pamalowa pamatsukidwa mankhwala opha majeremusi (antiseptic). Wothandizira zaumoyo amakulunga kansalu kotanuka kumanja kumtunda kuti apanikizire malowa ndikupangitsa mtsempha kutupika ndi magazi.

Kenako, woperekayo amalowetsa singano mumtambo. Mwazi umasonkhanitsa mu chubu chotsitsimula cholumikizidwa ndi singano. Lamba womata wachotsedwa m'manja mwanu.Magazi akangotoleredwa, singano imachotsedwa. Malo obowola amafundidwa kuti asiye magazi.

Kwa makanda kapena ana aang'ono, chida chakuthwa chotchedwa lancet chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuboola khungu ndikuthira magazi. Magazi amasonkhanitsidwa mu chubu chaching'ono chagalasi, kapena papepala kapena pamayeso. Bandeji itha kuyikidwa pamalopo ngati pali magazi.

Zoyeserera zamagazi zimatumizidwa ku labu kuti zikaunikidwe. Kuyezetsa magazi (serology) kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunika ma antibodies kumatenda aliwonse a hepatitis.

Palibe kukonzekera kwapadera komwe kumafunikira.

Anthu ena amamva kupweteka pang'ono pamene singano imayikidwa kuti atenge magazi. Ena amangomva kuluma kapena kuluma. Pambuyo pake, mungamve kuphulika.

Wothandizira anu akhoza kuyitanitsa mayesowa ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda a chiwindi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Dziwani zamatenda aposachedwa kapena aposachedwa a hepatitis
• Dziwani momwe matenda opatsirana a chiwindi amafalira
• Onetsetsani munthu yemwe akuchiritsidwa matenda a chiwindi

Mayesowa atha kuchitidwa pazinthu zina, monga:

• Matenda osalekeza otupa chiwindi
• Hepatitis D (wothandizira delta)
• Matenda a Nephrotic
• Cryoglobulinemia
• Porphyria cutanea tarda
• Erythema multiforme ndi nodosum

Zotsatira zabwinobwino zikutanthauza kuti palibe ma antibodies a hepatitis omwe amapezeka m'magazi. Izi zimatchedwa zotsatira zoyipa.

Mitengo yamtengo wapatali imatha kusiyanasiyana pang'ono kutengera labu yomwe ikuyesa. Lankhulani ndi omwe akukuthandizani za tanthauzo la zotsatira zanu zoyeserera.

Pali mayesero osiyanasiyana a hepatitis A ndi hepatitis B. Kuyesedwa koyenera kumawonedwa ngati kwachilendo.

Chiyeso chabwino chingatanthauze:

• Panopa muli ndi matenda a chiwindi. Izi zikhoza kukhala matenda atsopano (chiwindi cha chiwindi), kapena matenda omwe mwakhala nawo kwa nthawi yayitali (matenda a chiwindi).
• Munali ndi matenda a chiwindi m'mbuyomu, koma mulibenso matendawa ndipo simungafalikire kwa ena.

Zotsatira za mayeso a hepatitis A:

• Ma anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) a IgM, mwakhala mukudwala matenda a hepatitis A posachedwa
• Ma antibodies okwanira (IgM ndi IgG) a hepatitis A, muli ndi matenda am'mbuyomu kapena am'mbuyomu, kapena chitetezo chamthupi cha hepatitis A

Zotsatira za mayeso a Hepatitis B:

• Hepatitis B pamwamba antigen (HBsAg): muli ndi matenda opatsirana a hepatitis B, mwina posachedwa kapena osachiritsika (kwanthawi yayitali)
• Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (Anti-HBc), muli ndi matenda aposachedwa a hepatitis B aposachedwa kapena apitawa
• Antibody ku HBsAg (Anti-HBs): muli ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a chiwindi a B kapena mwalandira katemera wa hepatitis B ndipo mwina sangatenge kachilombo
• Hepatitis B mtundu e antigen (HBeAg): muli ndi matenda a chiwindi a hepatitis B ndipo mumafalitsa matendawa kwa ena kudzera mukugonana kapena pogawana singano.

Ma antibodies a hepatitis C amatha kupezeka patatha milungu 4 mpaka 10 mutadwala. Mitundu ina yamayesero itha kuchitidwa posankha chithandizo chamankhwala ndikuwunika matenda a hepatitis C.

Zowopsa zomwe zimakhudza kukoka magazi ndizochepa, koma zimatha kuphatikiza:

• Kutaya magazi kwambiri
• Kukomoka kapena kumva mopepuka
• Hematoma (magazi akuchuluka pansi pa khungu)
• Kutenga (chiopsezo chochepa nthawi iliyonse khungu likasweka)

Kuyezetsa magazi kwa hepatitis A; Kuyezetsa magazi kwa hepatitis B; Kuyezetsa magazi kwa hepatitis C; Kuyezetsa magazi kwa hepatitis D

• Kuyezetsa magazi
• Vuto la hepatitis B
• Erythema multiforme, zotupa zozungulira - manja

Pawlotsky JM. Pachimake tizilombo chiwindi. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. Wolemba 25. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 148.

Pawlotsky JM. Matenda a chiwindi ndi autoimmune. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. Wolemba 25. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 149.

Pincus MR, PM wa Tierno, Gleeson E, Bowne WB, Bluth MH. Kuwunika kwa chiwindi kumagwira ntchito. Mu: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, olemba., Eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. Wachitatu. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 21.

Wedemeyer H. Hepatitis C. Mu: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, olemba. Sleisenger ndi Fordtran's Mimba ndi Matenda a Chiwindi: Pathophysiology / Diagnosis / Management. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 80.