Ma lymphocyte: zomwe ali komanso chifukwa chake amasinthidwa

Zamkati

• Ma lymphocyte osinthidwa
• 1. Ma lymphocyte apamwamba
• 2. Ma lymphocyte otsika
• Mitundu ya ma lymphocyte
• Kodi ma lymphocyte atypical ndi chiyani?

Ma lymphocyte ndi mtundu wa chitetezo chamthupi, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti maselo oyera amwazi, omwe amapangidwa mochuluka kwambiri mukakhala ndi matenda, motero ndi chisonyezero chabwino cha thanzi la wodwalayo.

Kawirikawiri, kuchuluka kwa ma lymphocyte kumawunikidwa ndi kuyezetsa magazi, ndipo akawakulitsa, nthawi zambiri chimakhala chizindikiro cha matendawa, motero, tikulimbikitsidwa kukaonana ndi dokotala kuti azindikire vutoli ndikuyambitsa chithandizo choyenera.

Ma lymphocyte osinthidwa

Malingaliro abwinobwino a ma lymphocyte ali pakati pa ma lymphocyte a 1000 mpaka 5000 pa mamilimita amwazi, omwe amayimira 20 mpaka 50% pakuwerengera, ndipo amasiyana malinga ndi labotale yoyeserera. Miyezo ikakhala pamwambapa kapena pansipa pamtengo, chithunzi cha lymphocytosis kapena lymphopenia chimadziwika, motsatana.

1. Ma lymphocyte apamwamba

Chiwerengero cha ma lymphocyte pamwambapa chimatchedwa lymphocytosis ndipo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chokhudzana ndi matenda. Chifukwa chake, zomwe zimayambitsa ma lymphocyte apamwamba ndi awa:

• Matenda oyipa, monga mononucleosis, poliyo, chikuku, rubella, dengue kapena chifuwa,
• Matenda opatsirana, monga chifuwa chachikulu, malungo;
• Matenda a chiwindi;
• Hyperthyroidism;
• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, komwe kumadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa folic acid ndi vitamini B12;
• Poizoni wa benzene ndi zitsulo zolemera;
• Matenda ashuga;
• Kunenepa kwambiri;
• Ziwengo.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa ma lymphocyte kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha zochitika zathupi, monga azimayi apakati ndi makanda, kuphatikiza pazakudya zoperewera, monga kuchepa kwa vitamini C, D kapena calcium.

2. Ma lymphocyte otsika

Chiwerengero cha ma lymphocyte omwe ali pansipa amatchedwa lymphopenia ndipo nthawi zambiri chimagwirizana ndi zovuta zam'mafupa, monga aplastic anemia kapena leukemia, mwachitsanzo. Kuphatikiza apo, lymphopenia imatha kukhalanso chizindikiro cha matenda amthupi okhaokha, momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito motsutsana ndi chitetezo chamthupi, monga systemic lupus erythematosus, mwachitsanzo (SLE).

Lymphopenia imatha kuchitika chifukwa cha Edzi, mankhwala opatsirana pogonana kapena chemotherapy kapena mankhwala a radiotherapy, matenda osowa amtundu, kapena chifukwa cha zovuta, monga postoperative komanso kuchuluka kwa thupi, mwachitsanzo.

Mitundu ya ma lymphocyte

Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya ma lymphocyte mthupi, ma lymphocyte a B, omwe ndi maselo osakhwima omwe amapangidwa m'mafupa am'magazi ndipo amatulutsidwa m'magazi kuti apange ma antibodies olimbana ndi mabakiteriya, mavairasi ndi bowa, ndi ma lymphocyte a T, omwe amapangidwa m'mafupa. koma zomwe zimapangidwa mu thymus mpaka zidagawika m'magulu atatu:

• Ma lymphocyte a CD4 T: amathandiza ma lymphocyte B kuthana ndi matenda, kukhala chenjezo loyamba la chitetezo chamthupi. Awa nthawi zambiri amakhala maselo oyamba kukhudzidwa ndi kachirombo ka HIV, ndipo kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyesa magazi kumawonetsa mtengo wochepera 100 / mm³.
• Ma CD lymphocyte a CD8: kuchepetsa ntchito za mitundu ina ya ma lymphocyte ndipo chifukwa chake, zimawonjezeka pakakhala kachilombo ka HIV;
• Ma lymphocyte a Cytotoxic: amawononga maselo osakhazikika komanso opatsirana ndi ma virus kapena mabakiteriya.

Komabe, mayesero amtundu wa ma lymphocyte, makamaka amtundu wa CD4 kapena CD8, amayenera kumasuliridwa ndi dokotala nthawi zonse kuti awone ngati pali chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV, mwachitsanzo, popeza matenda ena amathanso kusinthanso.

Chifukwa chake, ngati pali kukayikira zakutenga kachirombo ka HIV, ndibwino kuti mukayeze labotale yomwe imayang'ana kachilomboka m'maselo amthupi. Dziwani zambiri za kuyezetsa HIV.

Kodi ma lymphocyte atypical ndi chiyani?

Ma lymphocyte a atypical ndi ma lymphocyte omwe amawonetsa mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndipo amawoneka bwino pakakhala matenda, makamaka matenda a virus, monga mononucleosis, herpes, AIDS, rubella ndi katsabola. Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe am'magazi, ma lymphocyte atypical amatha kudziwika kuchuluka kwa magazi ngati pali matenda a bakiteriya, monga chifuwa chachikulu ndi syphilis, matenda opangidwa ndi protozoa, monga toxoplasmosis, pakakhala hypersensitivity kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena matenda amthupi, monga mu lupus.

Nthawi zambiri kuchuluka kwa ma lymphocyte amabwereranso mwakale (mtengo wama lymphocyte atypical ndi 0%) pamene wothandizirayo atachotsedwa.

Ma lymphocyte awa amadziwika kuti ndi ma T-lymphocyte omwe amapangidwa motsatira ma lymphocyte amtundu wa B ndipo amachita ntchito zofananira ndi ma lymphocyte omwe amateteza chitetezo chamthupi. Ma lymphocyte atypical nthawi zambiri amakhala akulu kuposa ma lymphocyte wamba ndipo amasiyana mawonekedwe.