Kutengera

Kutulutsa ndi kuyezetsa diso komwe kumayeza kuyeza mankhwala kwa munthu magalasi amaso kapena magalasi olumikizirana nawo.

Kuyesaku kumachitika ndi ophthalmologist kapena optometrist. Onse mwa akatswiriwa nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "dotolo wamaso."

Mumakhala pampando womwe uli ndi chida chapadera (chotchedwa phoroptor kapena refractor) cholumikizidwa nacho.Mumayang'ana chipangizocho ndikuyang'ana tchati cha diso 20 mita (6 mita) kutali. Chipangizocho chili ndi mandala amphamvu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimatha kusunthidwa kuti ziwoneke. Kuyesaku kumachitika ndi diso limodzi nthawi imodzi.

Dokotala wamaso adzafunsa ngati tchati chikuwoneka bwino kwambiri ngati magalasi osiyanasiyana alipo.

Ngati mumavala magalasi olumikizirana, funsani adotolo ngati mukuyenera kuchotsa ndi nthawi yayitali musanayese.

Palibe kusapeza.

Mayesowa atha kuchitika ngati gawo la mayeso amaso a nthawi zonse. Cholinga ndikuti muwone ngati muli ndi vuto lokonzanso (chosowa magalasi kapena magalasi olumikizirana).

Kwa anthu azaka zopitilira 40 omwe ali ndi masomphenya apatalipatali koma ovuta kuwona pafupi, kuyesa kwakubwezeretsa kumatha kudziwa mphamvu yoyenera yamagalasi owerengera.

Ngati masomphenya anu osapanganika (opanda magalasi kapena magalasi olumikizirana) ndi abwinobwino, ndiye kuti cholakwikacho chimakhala zero (pulani) ndipo masomphenya anu ayenera kukhala 20/20 (kapena 1.0).

Mtengo wa 20/20 (1.0) ndi masomphenya abwinobwino. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kuwerenga zilembo za 3/8-inchi (1 sentimita) pamtunda wa 20 (6 mita). Kukula kwamtundu wochepa kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito kudziwa bwino pafupi ndi masomphenya.

Muli ndi vuto lokonzanso ngati mukufuna magalasi angapo kuti muwone 20/20 (1.0). Magalasi kapena magalasi oyankhulana ayenera kukupatsani masomphenya abwino. Ngati muli ndi vuto lokonzanso, muli ndi "mankhwala." Mankhwala anu ndi manambala angapo omwe amafotokoza mphamvu zamagalasi omwe amafunikira kuti muwone bwino.

Ngati masomphenya anu omaliza ndi ochepera 20/20 (1.0), ngakhale ndi magalasi, ndiye kuti mwina pali vuto linanso, lopanda mawonekedwe ndi diso lanu.

Mulingo wamasomphenya womwe mumakwanitsa pakuyesa kuyesa umatchedwa mawonekedwe owongoleredwa bwino kwambiri (BCVA).

Zotsatira zachilendo zitha kukhala chifukwa cha:

• Astigmatism (cornea yokhotakhota modabwitsa yopangitsa kusawona bwino)
• Hyperopia (kuwona patali)
• Myopia (kuwona pafupi)
• Presbyopia (kulephera kuyang'ana pazinthu zapafupi zomwe zimayamba ndi ukalamba)

Zina zomwe mayeso angayesedwe:

• Zilonda zam'mimba ndi matenda
• Kutaya masomphenya akuthwa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa macular
• Gulu la retinal (kupatukana kwa nembanemba yosalira kuwala (retina) kumbuyo kwa diso kuchokera kumagawo ake othandizira)
• Kutsekedwa kwa chotengera cha retinal (kutsekeka pamitsempha yaying'ono yomwe imanyamula magazi kupita ku diso)
• Retinitis pigmentosa (matenda obadwa nawo a diso)

Palibe zowopsa pamayesowa.

Muyenera kuyesedwa kwathunthu m'maso zaka zitatu kapena zisanu zilizonse ngati mulibe mavuto. Ngati masomphenya anu asokonekera, akukulirakulira, kapena ngati pali zosintha zina zowonekera, konzani mayeso nthawi yomweyo.

Pambuyo pa zaka 40 (kapena kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri ya glaucoma), mayeso amaso amayenera kukonzedwa kamodzi pachaka kuti ayese glaucoma. Aliyense amene ali ndi matenda a shuga amayeneranso kukayezetsa maso kamodzi pachaka.

Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lokonzanso ayenera kuyezetsa maso zaka 1 mpaka 2 zilizonse, kapena pomwe masomphenya awo asintha.

Kuyezetsa diso - kubwezera; Masomphenya mayeso - refraction; Kutengera

• Masomphenya abwinobwino

Chuck RS, Jacobs DS, Lee JK, et al; American Academy of Ophthalmology Njira Yoyeserera Yoyeserera / Gulu Loyeserera. Zolakwitsa zam'mbuyo & opaleshoni yovutikira Njira Yoyeserera Yoyenera. Ophthalmology. 2018; 125 (1): 1-104. PMID: 29108748 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29108748. (Adasankhidwa)

Feder RS, Olsen TW, Prum BE Jr, ndi al; American Academy of Ophthalmology. Kuwunika kwathunthu kwa dotolo wamkulu kumakondera njira zoyeserera. Ophthalmology. 2016; 123 (1): 209-236. PMID: 26581558 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26581558.

Wu A. Kutulutsa kwachipatala. Mu: Yanoff M, Duker JS, olemba. Ophthalmology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap. 2.3.