Kukalamba kumasintha kwa ziwalo, minofu, ndi maselo

Ziwalo zonse zofunika zimayamba kutha ntchito mukamakula. Kusintha kwa ukalamba kumachitika m'maselo onse amthupi, minofu, ndi ziwalo, ndipo zosinthazi zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito amthupi lonse.

Minofu yamoyo imakhala ndi maselo. Pali mitundu yambiri yamaselo, koma yonse imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana. Minofu ndi zigawo za maselo ofanana omwe amagwira ntchito inayake. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imalumikizana ndikupanga ziwalo.

Pali mitundu inayi yayikulu ya minofu:

Minofu yolumikizira imathandizira ziwalo zina ndikuzimanga pamodzi. Izi zimaphatikizapo mafupa, magazi, ndi ma lymph, komanso minofu yomwe imathandizira pakhungu ndi ziwalo zamkati.

Epithelial minofu Amapereka chophimba pazithunzi zakuthupi ndi zakuya. Khungu ndi zolumikizana zamkati mwa thupi, monga m'mimba, zimapangidwa ndi minofu yaminyewa.

Minofu ya minofu Mulinso mitundu itatu ya minofu:

• Minofu yolimba, monga yomwe imasuntha mafupa (omwe amatchedwanso minofu yodzifunira)
• Minofu yosalala (yotchedwanso minofu yosachita kufuna), monga minofu yomwe ili m'mimba ndi ziwalo zina zamkati
• Minofu yamtima, yomwe imapanga khoma lalikulu la mtima (komanso mnofu wosachita kufuna)

Minofu yaminyewa amapangidwa ndi maselo amitsempha (ma neuron) ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula mauthenga kupita ndi kuchokera mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi. Ubongo, msana, ndi mitsempha yotumphukira zimapangidwa ndi minyewa yaminyewa.

ZINTHU ZOKalamba ZASINTHA

Maselo ndi omwe amapanga timatumba. Maselo onse amasintha ndi ukalamba. Amakula ndikulephera kugawa ndikuchulukitsa. Mwa zina, pali kuwonjezeka kwa mitundu ya nkhumba ndi mafuta mkati mwa selo (lipids). Maselo ambiri amalephera kugwira ntchito, kapena amayamba kugwira ntchito modabwitsa.

Ukalamba ukupitilira, zinyalala zimangokhala minyewa. Mtundu wonenepa wamafuta wotchedwa lipofuscin umasonkhanitsa m'matumba ambiri, monganso zinthu zina zamafuta.

Matenda olumikizana amasintha, amakhala ouma kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa ziwalo, mitsempha yamagazi, komanso mayendedwe ampweya kukhala okhwima. Mamembala am'maselo amasintha, ziphuphu zambiri zimakhala ndi vuto kupeza mpweya wabwino ndi michere, ndikuchotsa kaboni dayokisaidi ndi zinyalala zina.

Ziphuphu zambiri zimachepetsa. Izi zimatchedwa atrophy. Minofu ina imakhala yolimba (nodular) kapena yolimba.

Chifukwa cha kusintha kwamaselo ndi minofu, ziwalo zanu zimasinthanso mukamakula. Ziwalo zokalamba zimatha pang'onopang'ono kugwira ntchito. Anthu ambiri sazindikira kutayika kumeneku nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa simufunikira kugwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zanu kuthekera kwathunthu.

Ziwalo zimatha kusungidwa kuti zizigwira ntchito kuposa zomwe zimafunikira. Mwachitsanzo, mtima wa mwana wazaka 20 umatha kupopa magazi pafupifupi maulendo 10 kuchuluka kwa magazi omwe amafunikira kuti thupi likhale ndi moyo. Pambuyo pa zaka 30, avareji ya 1% yamalo amenewa amatayika chaka chilichonse.

Zosintha zazikulu pakusungidwa kwa ziwalo zimachitika mumtima, m'mapapu, ndi impso. Kuchuluka kwa malo otayika kumasiyanasiyana pakati pa anthu komanso pakati pa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana mwa munthu m'modzi.

Kusintha uku kumawoneka pang'onopang'ono komanso kwakanthawi. Chiwalo chimagwira ntchito molimbika kuposa masiku onse, sichitha kuwonjezera ntchito. Kulephera kwamtima mwadzidzidzi kapena mavuto ena amatha kukula thupi likamagwira ntchito molimbika kuposa masiku onse. Zinthu zomwe zimatulutsa ntchito yowonjezera (opsinjika thupi) ndi izi:

• Kudwala
• Mankhwala
• Kusintha kwakukulu kwa moyo
• Zowonjezera mwadzidzidzi zofuna zathupi lathupi, monga kusintha kwa zochita kapena kuwonekera kumtunda wapamwamba

Kuchepa kwa malo osungira zinthu kumathandizanso kuti zikhale zovuta kubwezeretsa thupi (kufanana) mthupi. Mankhwala amachotsedwa mthupi ndi impso ndi chiwindi pang'onopang'ono. Mlingo wochepa wa mankhwala ungafunike, ndipo zotsatirapo zake zimakhala zofala. Kuchira matenda sikuli 100%, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azilemala kwambiri.

Zotsatira zoyipa zamankhwala zimatha kutsanzira zizindikiro za matenda ambiri, chifukwa chake ndikosavuta kulakwitsa zomwe mankhwala akuchita chifukwa chodwala. Mankhwala ena amakhala ndi zotsatirapo zosiyaniranatu ndi okalamba kusiyana ndi achinyamata.

NTHAWI YOKalamba

Palibe amene amadziwa momwe amasinthira komanso chifukwa chake anthu amakula. Malingaliro ena amati kukalamba kumachitika chifukwa cha kuvulala kochokera ku kuwala kwa ultraviolet pakapita nthawi, kuwonongeka kwa thupi, kapenanso kutulutsa kwa kagayidwe. Malingaliro ena amati kukalamba ndi njira yokonzedweratu yoyendetsedwa ndi majini.

Palibe njira imodzi yomwe ingafotokozere kusintha konse kwa ukalamba. Kukalamba ndi njira yovuta kumvana mosiyanasiyana momwe imakhudzira anthu osiyanasiyana komanso ziwalo zosiyanasiyana. Ambiri a gerontologists (anthu omwe amaphunzira za ukalamba) amaganiza kuti ukalamba umachitika chifukwa cha kulumikizana kwazinthu zambiri pamoyo wawo wonse. Izi zimakhudza kubadwa, chilengedwe, chikhalidwe, kadyedwe, masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kupumula, matenda am'mbuyomu, ndi zina zambiri.

Mosiyana ndi kusintha kwaubwana, komwe kumanenedweratu mzaka zochepa, munthu aliyense amakalamba pamlingo wapadera. Machitidwe ena amayamba kukalamba ali ndi zaka 30. Njira zina zakukalamba sizofala mpaka patadutsa nthawi yayitali.

Ngakhale kusintha kwina kumachitika nthawi zonse ndi ukalamba, zimachitika pamitengo yosiyanasiyana komanso kuzosiyanasiyana. Palibe njira yodziwiratu momwe mudzakhalire.

MALANGIZO OTHANDIZA MITUNDU YA KUSINTHA KWA SELO

Kulephera:

• Maselo amacheperachepera. Ngati maselo okwanira achepera kukula, chiwalo chonse chimaperewera. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala kusintha kwachikulire ndipo kumatha kuchitika munyama iliyonse. Amakonda kwambiri minofu ya mafupa, mtima, ubongo, ndi ziwalo zogonana (monga mawere ndi mazira). Mafupa amakhala ochepa thupi ndipo amatha kusweka ndi zoopsa zazing'ono.
• Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa sizidziwika, koma zimatha kuphatikiza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kocheperako, kuchepa kwa ntchito, kuchepa kwama magazi kapena chakudya chamagulu, ndikuchepetsa kukondoweza ndi mitsempha kapena mahomoni.

Matenda opatsirana pogonana:

• Maselo amakulitsa. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuwonjezeka kwa mapuloteni m'makhungu am'magulu am'magulu am'magazi, osati kuwonjezeka kwamadzimadzi a selo.
• Maselo ena akaperewera, ena amatha kupangitsa kuti thupi lizitha kuchepa.

Hyperplasia:

• Chiwerengero cha maselo chikuwonjezeka. Pali kuchuluka kowonjezeka kwama cell.
• Hyperplasia nthawi zambiri imachitika kuti ithetse kusowa kwa maselo. Amalola ziwalo ndi ziwalo zina kuti zibwererenso, kuphatikiza khungu, matumbo, chiwindi, ndi mafupa. Chiwindi ndichabwino makamaka pakusintha. Ikhoza kusintha mpaka 70% ya kapangidwe kake mkati mwa masabata awiri pambuyo povulala.
• Minofu yomwe ili ndi mphamvu zochepa zoberekeranso imaphatikizapo mafupa, mafupa, ndi minofu yosalala (monga minofu kuzungulira matumbo). Minofu yomwe imaberekanso kawirikawiri kapena imaphatikizanso mitsempha, mafupa am'mafupa, minofu yamtima, ndi mandala a diso. Zikavulazidwa, minofu imeneyi imalowetsedwa m'malo ndi zipsera.

Dysplasia:

• Kukula, mawonekedwe, kapena bungwe la maselo okhwima kumakhala kosazolowereka. Izi zimatchedwanso atypical hyperplasia.
• Dysplasia imafala kwambiri m'maselo a chiberekero komanso poyambira.

Neoplasia:

• Mapangidwe a zotupa, mwina khansa (zoyipa) kapena zosagwetsa khansa (zabwino).
• Maselo otupa khungu nthawi zambiri amaberekana mofulumira. Amatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka komanso magwiridwe antchito.

Mukamakula, mudzasintha thupi lanu lonse, kuphatikiza kusintha kwa:

• Kupanga mahomoni
• Chitetezo
• Khungu
• Tulo
• Mafupa, minofu, ndi mafupa
• Mabere
• Nkhope
• Njira yoberekera yaikazi
• Mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi
• Impso
• Mapapu
• Njira yoberekera yamwamuna
• Manjenje

• Mitundu ya minofu

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Lembani HM, Rockwood K, Young J, eds. Brocklehurst's Textbook of Geriatric Medicine ndi Gerontology. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017.

Walston JD. Zolemba zofananira zamankhwala zakukalamba. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer Al, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: mutu 22.