Otitis media ndi effusion

Otitis media with effusion (OME) ndi wandiweyani kapena wonama madzi kuseri kwa eardrum pakatikati. Zimachitika popanda matenda amkhutu.

Phukusi la Eustachi limalumikiza mkati mwa khutu kupita kumbuyo kwa mmero. Kachubu kameneka kamathandiza kukhetsa madzi kuti asamere khutu. Madzimadzi amatuluka mu chubu ndikumeza.

Matenda a OME ndi khutu amalumikizidwa m'njira ziwiri:

• Matenda ambiri am'makutu atathandizidwa, madzi amadzimadzi amakhalabe pakati pakhutu kwa masiku kapena milungu ingapo.
• Phukusi la Eustachi litatsekedwa pang'ono, madzimadzi amadzaza pakatikati. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'khutu timayamba kukola ndipo timayamba kukula. Izi zitha kubweretsa matenda amkhutu.

Zotsatirazi zingayambitse kutupa kwa chubu cha Eustachian komwe kumabweretsa kuchuluka kwamadzimadzi:

• Nthendayi
• Zosakaniza (makamaka utsi wa ndudu)
• Matenda opuma

Zotsatirazi zitha kupangitsa kuti chubu cha Eustachi chitseke kapena kutsekedwa:

• Kumwa utagona chagada
• Kuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya (monga kutsikira ndege kapena panjira yamapiri)

Kulowetsa madzi m'makutu a mwana sikudzatsogolera ku chubu lotsekedwa.

OME imakonda kupezeka nthawi yozizira kapena koyambirira kwa masika, koma imatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Zitha kukhudza anthu amisinkhu iliyonse. Zimapezeka kawirikawiri mwa ana osapitirira zaka ziwiri, koma sizowoneka mwa ana obadwa kumene.

Ana aang'ono amatenga OME nthawi zambiri kuposa ana okalamba kapena akulu pazifukwa zingapo:

• Chitolirochi ndi chachifupi, chopingasa, komanso chopindika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabakiteriya azilowa.
• Chubu ndi chowombera, chotsegula pang'ono chomwe chimakhala chosavuta kutseka.
• Ana aang'ono amadwala chimfine chifukwa zimatenga nthawi kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chithe kuzindikira ndi kuteteza ma virus ozizira.

Timadzimadzi ta mu OME nthawi zambiri timakhala tating'onoting'ono komanso madzi. M'mbuyomu, zimaganiziridwa kuti madzi amadzimadzimadzimadzimadzi akakhala ataliatali khutu. ("Glue khutu" ndi dzina lodziwika lomwe limaperekedwa kwa OME lokhala ndi madzimadzi owongoka.) Komabe, makulidwe amadzimadzi tsopano akuganiza kuti akukhudzana ndi khutu palokha, m'malo mokhala nthawi yayitali.

Mosiyana ndi ana omwe ali ndi vuto lakumva, ana omwe ali ndi OME samadwala.

OME nthawi zambiri sasintha.

Ana okalamba komanso achikulire nthawi zambiri amadandaula zakumva kovuta kapena kudzaza khutu. Ana aang'ono amatha kutulutsa voliyumu yakanema chifukwa chakumva.

Wothandizira zaumoyo atha kupeza OME kwinaku akuyang'ana makutu a mwana wanu atachiritsidwa khutu.

Wothandizirayo awunika eardrum ndikuyang'ana zosintha zina, monga:

• Mpweya wambiri pamwamba pa khutu
• Kufiira kwa khutu pamene kuwala kugwiritsidwa ntchito
• Eardrum yomwe imawoneka ngati siyiyenda ngati kupumira pang'ono kumawombera
• Chamadzimadzi kumbuyo kwa khutu

Chiyeso chotchedwa tympanometry ndichida cholondola chodziwira OME. Zotsatira za kuyesaku zitha kuthandiza kudziwa kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi.

Madzi apakati pakhutu amatha kudziwika molondola ndi:

• Acoustic otoscope
• Reflectometer: Chida chonyamula

Kuyeserera kwa audiometer kapena mtundu wina wamayeso omvera amatha kuchitidwa. Izi zitha kuthandiza woperekayo kusankha mankhwala.

Ambiri opereka chithandizo sangagwiritse OME poyamba, pokhapokha ngati pali zizindikiro za matenda. M'malo mwake, ayambiranso vutoli m'miyezi iwiri kapena itatu.

Mutha kusintha izi kuti muthane ndimadzimadzi kumbuyo kwa khutu:

• Pewani utsi wa ndudu
• Limbikitsani ana kuyamwitsa
• Samalani ndi ziwengo popewa kuyambitsa (monga fumbi). Akuluakulu ndi ana okulirapo atha kupatsidwa mankhwala osagwirizana ndi mankhwala.

Nthawi zambiri madzimadzi amatuluka okha. Wothandizira anu atha kupereka lingaliro lakuwonera vutoli kwakanthawi kuti muwone ngati likuipiraipira musanapereke chithandizo.

Ngati madziwo adakalipo pambuyo pa masabata asanu ndi limodzi, woperekayo angakulimbikitseni kuti:

• Kupitiliza kuwona zovuta
• Kuyesedwa kwakumva
• Chiyeso chimodzi cha maantibayotiki (ngati sanaperekedwe koyambirira)

Ngati madzimadzi akadalipo pamasabata 8 mpaka 12, amatha kuyesa maantibayotiki. Mankhwalawa samathandiza nthawi zonse.

Nthawi ina, kumva kwa mwana kuyenera kuyesedwa.

Ngati pali kutaya kwakumva kwakukulu (ma decibel opitilira 20), pamafunika maantibayotiki kapena machubu amkhutu.

Ngati madzimadzi akadalipo pakadutsa miyezi 4 mpaka 6, machubu amafunika, ngakhale palibe vuto lalikulu lakumva.

Nthawi zina ma adenoids amayenera kutengedwa kuti chubu ya Eustachiya igwire bwino ntchito.

OME nthawi zambiri amachoka paokha patadutsa milungu ingapo kapena miyezi ingapo. Chithandizo chitha kufulumizitsa izi. Guluu wakumva sungatuluke mwachangu ngati OME ndimadzimadzi ochepa.

OME nthawi zambiri saopseza moyo. Ana ambiri samakhala ndi vuto kwakanthawi pakumva kapena pakulankhula, ngakhale madziwo amakhala kwa miyezi yambiri.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati:

• Mukuganiza kuti inu kapena mwana wanu mutha kukhala ndi OME. (Muyenera kupitiliza kuwonera vutoli mpaka madziwo atasowa.)
• Zizindikiro zatsopano zimayamba nthawi yayitali kapena pambuyo pothandizira matendawa.

Kuthandiza mwana wanu kuchepetsa mavuto opatsirana m'makutu kungathandize kupewa OME.

OME; Chinsinsi otitis media; Serous otitis media; Chete otitis media; Chete khutu matenda; Kumata khutu

• Kuchita opaleshoni yamakutu - zomwe mungafunse dokotala wanu
• Tonsil ndi adenoid kuchotsa - kumaliseche

• Kutulutsa khutu
• Matenda apakatikati (otitis media)

Kerschner JE, Preciado D. Otitis atolankhani. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 658.

Pelton SI. Otitis kunja, otitis media, ndi mastoiditis. Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 61.

Rosenfeld RM, Shin JJ, Schwartz SR, ndi al. Chitsogozo chazachipatala: Otitis media ndi effusion executive summary (update). Otolaryngol Mutu Wam'mutu. 2016; 154 (2): 201-214. PMID: 26833645 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26833645/.

Schilder AGM, Rosenfeld RM, Venekamp RP. Zovuta otitis media ndi otitis media ndi effusion. Mu: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, olemba. Cummings Otolaryngology: Opaleshoni ya Mutu ndi Khosi. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: mutu 199.