Mayeso anayi pazenera

Kuyesedwa kwazithunzi zinayi ndiko kuyesa magazi komwe kumachitika mukakhala ndi pakati kuti mudziwe ngati mwanayo ali pachiwopsezo cha zovuta zina zobadwa.

Kuyesaku kumachitika nthawi zambiri pakati pa masabata a 15 ndi 22 a mimba. Ndizolondola kwambiri pakati pa masabata a 16 ndi 18.

Amayeza magazi kuti atayesedwe.

Mayeso amayesa mahomoni 4 okhala ndi pakati:

• Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), mapuloteni opangidwa ndi khanda
• Chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), mahomoni opangidwa m'masamba
• Unconjugated estriol (uE3), mawonekedwe a mahomoni a estrogen opangidwa mwa mwana wosabadwayo ndi m'mimba mwake
• Inhibin A, timadzi timene timatulutsidwa ndi nsengwa

Ngati mayesowa sayeza kuchuluka kwa ma inhibin A, amatchedwa mayeso owonekera patatu.

Kuti mudziwe mwayi woti mwana wanu ali ndi vuto lobadwa, mayeserowa alinso:

• Zaka zanu
• Fuko lanu
• Kulemera kwako
• Zaka zoberekera za mwana wanu (zoyesedwa m'masabata kuyambira tsiku lomaliza kufikira tsiku lomwe muli)

Palibe njira zapadera zofunika kukonzekera mayeso. Mutha kudya kapena kumwa bwinobwino musanayezedwe.

Mutha kumva kupweteka pang'ono kapena mbola pamene singano imayikidwa. Muthanso kumva kupwetekedwa pamalowo magazi atatengedwa.

Kuyesaku kumachitika kuti mudziwe ngati mwana wanu akhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo cha zovuta zina zobadwa, monga Down syndrome ndi zolakwika zobadwa m'mbali ya msana ndi ubongo (wotchedwa neural tube defects). Kuyesaku ndi kuyesa kuyezetsa, motero sikutanthauza mavuto.

Azimayi ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi mwana wopunduka, kuphatikizapo:

• Amayi omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 35 ali ndi pakati
• Amayi omwe amatenga insulini kuti athe kuchiza matenda ashuga
• Amayi omwe ali ndi mbiri yakubadwa yolemala

Mulingo woyenera wa AFP, hCG, uE3, ndi inhibin A.

Mitengo yamtengo wapatali imatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa ma labotore osiyanasiyana. Lankhulani ndi wothandizira zaumoyo wanu za tanthauzo la zotsatira zanu zoyeserera.

Zotsatira zosadziwika sizitanthauza kuti mwana wanu ali ndi vuto lobadwa. Kawirikawiri, zotsatira zake zimakhala zachilendo ngati mwana wanu ali wamkulu kapena wocheperako kuposa momwe woperekayo amaganizira.

Ngati muli ndi zotsatira zosazolowereka, mudzakhala ndi ultrasound ina kuti muwone zaka za mwana yemwe akukula.

Kuyesedwa kwina ndi upangiri ukhoza kulimbikitsidwa ngati ultrasound ikuwonetsa vuto. Komabe, anthu ena amasankha kuti asayesenso mayeso, pazifukwa zawo kapena zachipembedzo.Zotsatira zotsatirazi ndi izi:

• Amniocentesis, yomwe imayang'ana kuchuluka kwa AFP mu amniotic fluid yozungulira mwanayo. Kuyezetsa magazi kumatha kuchitika pa amniotic fluid yochotsedwa pamayeso.
• Kuyesa kuzindikira kapena kuchotsa zolakwika zina zobadwa (monga Down syndrome).
• Uphungu wamtundu.
• Ultrasound kuti muwone ubongo wa mwana, msana, impso, ndi mtima.

Pakati pa mimba, kuchuluka kwa AFP kungakhale chifukwa cha vuto la mwana yemwe akukula, kuphatikizapo:

• Kupezeka kwa gawo laubongo ndi chigaza (anencephaly)
• Cholakwika m'matumbo a mwana kapena ziwalo zina zapafupi (monga duodenal atresia)
• Imfa ya mwana m'mimba (nthawi zambiri imabweretsa kupita padera)
• Spina bifida (vuto la msana)
• Tetralogy of Fallot (vuto la mtima)
• Turner syndrome (chibadwa cholakwika)

High AFP ingatanthauzenso kuti mumanyamula ana oposa 1.

Kuchuluka kwa AFP ndi estriol komanso kuchuluka kwa hCG ndi inhibin A kumatha kukhala chifukwa cha vuto monga:

• Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
• Matenda a Edwards (trisomy 18)

Sewulo lamanambala anayi limatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa komanso zabodza (ngakhale ndizolondola pang'ono kuposa mawonekedwe atatu). Kuyesedwa kwina kumafunikira kutsimikizira zotsatira zosazolowereka.

Ngati mayeserowa ndi achilendo, mungafunikire kukambirana ndi mlangizi wa majini.

Chophimba cha Quad; Kuwunika kolemba zingapo; Kuphatikiza AFP; Kuyesa kwazithunzi katatu; AFP akuchikazi; MSAFP; Chizindikiro cha 4-chikhomo; Down syndrome - anayi; Trisomy 21 - zinayi; Matenda a Turner - anayi; Msana bifida - anayi; Tetralogy - kanayi; Duodenal atresia - anayi; Upangiri wamtundu - anayi; Alpha-fetoprotein kanayi; Chorionic gonadotropin - zinayi; hCG - zinayi; Estriol yosagonjetsedwa - zinayi; uE3 - zinayi; Mimba - kanayi; Chilema kubadwa - anayi; Mayeso amakina anayi; Mayeso a Quad; Chithunzi chazithunzi zinayi

• Sewero lane

ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 162: Kuyesedwa kwa matenda obisala asanabadwe pamavuto amtundu. Gynecol Woletsa. 2016; 127 (5): e108-e122. PMID: 26938573 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26938573/.

Driscoll DA, Simpson JL. Kuwunika kwa majini ndi matenda obadwa nawo asanabadwe. Mu: Landon MB, Galan HL, Jauniaux ERM, et al, eds. Obstetrics a Gabbe: Mimba Yachibadwa ndi Mavuto. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: mutu 10.

Wapner RJ, Dugoff L. Kuzindikira matenda asanakwane obadwa nawo. Mu: Resnik R, Lockwood CJ, Moore TR, Greene MF, Copel JA, Silver RM, olemba. Creasy ndi Resnik's Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Mfundo ndi Kuchita. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 32.

Williams DE, Pridjian G. Obstetrics. Mu: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, olemba. Buku Lophunzitsira La Banja. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 20.