Khansa ya M'mapapo Yaying'ono Ndi Ying'onoing'ono: Mitundu, Magawo, Zizindikiro, ndi Chithandizo

Zamkati

• Kodi khansa ya m'mapapo yosakhala yaying'ono ndi chiyani?
• Kodi kansa yaing'ono yamapapu ndi chiyani?
• Kodi zizindikiro za khansa yamapapu ndi ziti?
• Kodi khansa ya m'mapapo imafalikira motani?
• Kodi magawo a khansa yam'mapapo ndi ati?
• Kodi khansa ya m'mapapo imathandizidwa bwanji?
• Kodi malingaliro a khansa yamapapu ndiotani?

Chidule

Khansa yam'mapapo imayamba m'maselo omwe amayandikira bronchi komanso gawo lina lamapapu otchedwa alveoli, omwe ndi matumba ampweya momwe mpweya umasinthana. Zosintha ku DNA zimapangitsa kuti maselo akule mwachangu kwambiri.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya khansa ya m'mapapo: khansa ya m'mapapo yosakhala yaying'ono (NSCLC) ndi khansa yaying'ono yamapapo yamapapo (SCLC).

Pitilizani kuwerenga kuti mudziwe zambiri pazofanana komanso kusiyana pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi.

Kodi khansa ya m'mapapo yosakhala yaying'ono ndi chiyani?

Pafupifupi 80 mpaka 85% ya milandu ya khansa yamapapu ndi NSCLC. Pali mitundu itatu ya NSCLC:

• Adenocarcinoma ndi khansa yam'mapapo yomwe imakula pang'onopang'ono yomwe imapezeka kunja kwa mapapo, nthawi zambiri isanakhale ndi mwayi wofalikira. Zimachitika kawirikawiri mwa osuta, koma ndi khansa yodziwika kwambiri yamapapu mwa osasuta nawonso.
• Squamous cell carcinoma imapezeka pakatikati pa mapapo. Amayamba kusuta.
• Selo lalikulu la khansa limapezeka paliponse m'mapapo, ndipo limakula ndikufalikira mofulumira.

Kodi kansa yaing'ono yamapapu ndi chiyani?

Pafupifupi 10 mpaka 15 peresenti ya khansa yamapapu ndi SCLC.

SCLC nthawi zambiri imayamba pafupi pakati pa chifuwa mu bronchi. Ndi khansa yomwe ikukula mwachangu yomwe imakonda kufalikira koyambirira. Amakonda kukula ndikufalikira mwachangu kwambiri kuposa NSCLC. SCLC imapezeka kawirikawiri osasuta.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa yamapapu ndi ziti?

Khansa yam'mapapo koyambirira sikumatulutsa zizindikilo zowonekera. Khansara ikukula, pakhoza kukhala:

• kupuma movutikira
• kukhosomola
• kutsokomola magazi
• kupweteka pachifuwa

Zizindikiro zina zitha kuphatikiza:

• kutopa ndi kufooka
• kuchepa kwa njala ndi kuonda
• ukali
• zovuta kumeza
• kupweteka kwa mafupa ndi mafupa
• kutupa kwa nkhope kapena khosi

Kodi khansa ya m'mapapo imafalikira motani?

Khansa imatha kufalikira kuchokera pachotupa choyambirira kupita mbali zina za thupi. Izi zimatchedwa metastasis. Pali njira zitatu izi zingachitikire:

• Khansa ikhoza kuwononga minofu yapafupi.
• Maselo a khansa amatha kuyenda kuchokera pachotupa choyambirira kupita kumalo am'mimba apafupi. Amatha kuyenda mumtundu wa mitembo kuti akafike mbali zina za thupi.
• Maselo a khansa akangolowa m'magazi, amatha kuyenda kulikonse m'thupi (kufalikira kwa magazi).

Chotupa cha metastatic chomwe chimapanga kwinakwake mthupi chimakhala khansa yofanana ndi chotupa choyambirira.

Kodi magawo a khansa yam'mapapo ndi ati?

Magawo akufotokozera momwe khansara yapita patsogolo ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza chithandizo. Khansa yam'mbuyomu imakhala ndi malingaliro abwino kuposa khansa yam'mbuyo.

Magawo a khansa yam'mapapo amachokera pa 0 mpaka 4, pomwe gawo 4 limakhala lovuta kwambiri. Zimatanthauza kuti khansara yafalikira ku ziwalo zina kapena ziwalo.

Kodi khansa ya m'mapapo imathandizidwa bwanji?

Chithandizo chimadalira pazinthu zambiri, kuphatikiza siteji yodziwitsa. Ngati khansara siinafalikire, kuchotsa gawo lina la mapapo kungakhale sitepe yoyamba.

Opaleshoni, chemotherapy, ndi radiation zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito zokha kapena kuphatikiza. Njira zina zamankhwala zimaphatikizira laser therapy ndi photodynamic therapy. Mankhwala ena atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi zizolowezi zomwe munthu ali nazo komanso zovuta zina zamankhwala. Chithandizocho chimagwirizana ndi momwe zinthu zilili ndipo chingasinthe moyenera.

Kodi malingaliro a khansa yamapapu ndiotani?

Maganizo ake amasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa khansa, momwe amadziwira, majini, mayankho amankhwala, komanso msinkhu wa munthu komanso thanzi lake lonse. Mwambiri, mitengo yopulumuka ndiyokwera kwambiri koyambirira (gawo 1 ndi 2) khansa yamapapu. Chithandizo chikuyenda bwino pakapita nthawi. Miyezi isanu yazipulumutso zimawerengedwa kwa anthu omwe alandila chithandizo zaka zosachepera zisanu zapitazo. Mitengo yopulumuka yazaka zisanu yomwe ikuwonetsedwa pansipa mwina yasintha malinga ndi kafukufuku wapano.

• Kuchuluka kwa zaka zisanu kupulumuka kumakhala pakati pa 45 mpaka 49 peresenti kwa iwo omwe ali ndi gawo 1A ndi 1B NSCLC, motsatana.
• Kuchuluka kwa zaka zisanu kupulumuka kumakhala pakati pa 30 mpaka 31 peresenti kwa iwo omwe ali ndi gawo 2A ndi 2B NSCLC, motsatana.
• Kuchuluka kwa zaka zisanu zapakati pa 5 mpaka 14% kwa iwo omwe ali ndi gawo 3A ndi 3B NSCLC, motsatana.
• Kuchuluka kwa zaka zisanu zapakati pa 4 NSCLC ndi 1%, chifukwa khansa yomwe imafalikira mbali zina za thupi nthawi zambiri imakhala yovuta kuchiza. Komabe, njira zambiri zamankhwala zilipo pakadali pano matendawa.

Ngakhale SCLC ndiyokalipa kwambiri kuposa NSCLC, kupeza ndikuthandizira khansa zonse zam'mapapo koyambirira ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yosinthira malingaliro anu.