Katemera wa hepatitis A - zomwe muyenera kudziwa

Zonse zomwe zili pansipa zatengedwa kwathunthu kuchokera ku CDC Hepatitis A Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/hep-a.html.

1. N'chifukwa chiyani mumalandira katemera?

Katemera wa hepatitis A. chingaletse chiwindi A.

Chiwindi A. ndi matenda owopsa a chiwindi. Kawirikawiri imafalikira kudzera mwa kukhudzana kwambiri ndi munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka kapena pamene munthu mosadziwa amamwa kachilomboka kuchokera ku zinthu, chakudya, kapena zakumwa zomwe zaipitsidwa ndi chopondapo pang'ono kuchokera kwa munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka.

Ambiri achikulire omwe ali ndi hepatitis A amakhala ndi zizindikilo, kuphatikiza kutopa, kusowa chakudya, kupweteka m'mimba, nseru, ndi jaundice (khungu lachikaso kapena maso, mkodzo wakuda, matumbo ofiira owala). Ana ambiri ochepera zaka 6 alibe zizindikiro.

Munthu amene ali ndi matenda otupa chiwindi a mtundu wa A amatha kufalitsa matendawa kwa anthu ena ngakhale atakhala kuti alibe matendawa.

Anthu ambiri omwe amadwala matenda a chiwindi a hepatitis A amadwala kwa milungu ingapo, koma nthawi zambiri amachira ndipo samawonongeka chiwindi. Nthawi zina, matenda a chiwindi a hepatitis A amatha kuyambitsa chiwindi komanso kufa; izi ndizofala kwambiri kwa anthu achikulire kuposa 50 komanso mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena a chiwindi.

Katemera wa Hepatitis A wapangitsa kuti matendawa azifala kwambiri ku United States. Komabe, kufalikira kwa matenda a chiwindi a hepatitis A pakati pa anthu omwe alibe katemera kumachitikabe.

2. Katemera wa Hepatitis A

Ana amafunika mlingo umodzi wa katemera wa hepatitis A:

• Mlingo woyamba: 12 mpaka 23 wazaka zakubadwa
• Mlingo wachiwiri: osachepera miyezi 6 mutatha kumwa mankhwala oyamba

Ana okalamba komanso achinyamata 2 mpaka 18 wazaka zakubadwa omwe sanalandire katemera m'mbuyomu ayenera kulandira katemera.

Akuluakulu omwe sanalandire katemera m'mbuyomu ndipo akufuna kutetezedwa ku hepatitis A amathanso kulandira katemerayu.

Katemera wa Hepatitis A walimbikitsidwa kwa anthu awa:

• Ana onse azaka 12-23 miyezi
• Ana osatetezedwa ndi achinyamata azaka zapakati pa 2-18
• Apaulendo akunja
• Amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna
• Anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito jakisoni kapena mankhwala osabaya jakisoni
• Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chantchito
• Anthu omwe amayembekeza kulumikizana kwambiri ndi munthu wadziko lonse lapansi
• Anthu omwe akusowa pokhala
• Anthu omwe ali ndi HIV
• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osatha a chiwindi
• Aliyense amene akufuna kulandira chitetezo (chitetezo)

Kuphatikiza apo, munthu yemwe sanalandirepo katemera wa hepatitis A kale ndipo amalumikizana mwachindunji ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda a hepatitis A ayenera kulandira katemera wa hepatitis A pasanathe milungu iwiri atawonekera.

Katemera wa Hepatitis A atha kuperekedwa nthawi yofanana ndi katemera wina.

3. Lankhulani ndi omwe amakuthandizani

Uzani omwe amakupatsani katemera ngati amene akupatsani katemera:

• Anayamba kudwala pambuyo poti katemera wa hepatitis A wapita kale, kapena ali ndi chifuwa chilichonse chowopsa.

Nthawi zina, wothandizira zaumoyo wanu angaganize zoperekera katemera wa hepatitis A kuti adzawachezere mtsogolo.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ang'onoang'ono, monga chimfine, amatha kulandira katemera. Anthu omwe akudwala pang'ono kapena pang'ono amayenera kudikirira mpaka atachira asanalandire katemera wa hepatitis A.

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu akhoza kukupatsani zambiri.

4. Kuopsa kwa katemera

• Zilonda kapena kufiira komwe kuwomberako kumachitika, malungo, kupweteka mutu, kutopa, kapena kusowa kwa njala kumatha kuchitika katemera wa hepatitis A.

Nthawi zina anthu amakomoka pambuyo pa njira zamankhwala, kuphatikizapo katemera. Uzani wothandizira wanu ngati mukumva chizungulire kapena masomphenya akusintha kapena kulira m'makutu.

Monga mankhwala aliwonse, pali mwayi wotalika kwambiri wa katemera woyambitsa matenda ena, kuvulala kwambiri, kapena kufa.

5. Nanga bwanji ngati pali vuto lalikulu?

Zomwe zimachitika pambuyo pake zimatha kupezeka kuti munthu amene watemeredwa katemera achoka kuchipatala. Mukawona zizindikiro zakusokonekera (ming'oma, kutupa kwa nkhope ndi mmero, kupuma movutikira, kugunda kwamtima, chizungulire, kapena kufooka), itanani 9-1-1 ndikumutengera munthu kuchipatala chapafupi.

Kwa zizindikilo zina zomwe zimakukhudzani, pitani kuchipatala.

Zotsatira zoyipa ziyenera kufotokozedwera ku Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu nthawi zambiri amapeleka lipotili, kapena mutha kuzichita nokha. Pitani patsamba la VAERS ku vaers.hhs.gov kapena imbani foni 1-800-822-7967. VAERS ndi yongonena za mayankho, ndipo ogwira ntchito ku VAERS samapereka upangiri wazachipatala.

6. Dongosolo La National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program

Dipatimenti ya National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) ndi pulogalamu yaboma yomwe idapangidwa kuti ipereke ndalama kwa anthu omwe mwina adavulala ndi katemera wina. Pitani patsamba la VICP ku www.hrsa.gov/vaccine-compensation kapena kuyimbira foni 1-800-338-2382 kuti mudziwe za pulogalamuyi komanso za kufotokozera zomwe mukufuna. Pali malire a nthawi yoperekera ndalama zakulipidwa.

7. Ndingatani kuti ndiphunzire zambiri?

• Funsani wothandizira zaumoyo wanu.
• Imbani foni ku dipatimenti yazazaumoyo yanu

Lumikizanani ndi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):

• Imbani Gawo 1-800-232-4636 (1-800-CDC-INFO) kapena
• Pitani pa tsamba la CDC ku www.cdc.gov/vaccines

• Katemera

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Mfundo Zokhudza Katemera (VISs): Katemera wa Hepatitis A: Zomwe muyenera kudziwa. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statement/hep-a.html. Idasinthidwa pa Julayi 28, 2020. Idapezeka pa Julayi 29, 2020.