Katemera woyamba wa mwana wanu

Zonse zomwe zili pansipa zatengedwa kwathunthu kuchokera ku Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Chidziwitso cha Katemera Wanu Woyamba wa Katemera (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/multi.html. Tsamba lomaliza kusinthidwa: Epulo 1, 2020.

ZIMENE MUYENERA KUDZIWA

Katemera wophatikizidwa ndi mawu awa atha kuperekedwa nthawi yomweyo kuyambira ali wakhanda komanso akadali mwana. Pali malipoti osiyana a katemera a katemera ena omwe amalimbikitsidwanso kwa ana ang'onoang'ono (chikuku, mumps, rubella, varicella, rotavirus, fuluwenza, ndi hepatitis A).

Mwana wanu akupeza katemera lero:

[] DTaP

[] Hib

[] Chiwindi B

[] Poliyo

[] PCV13

(Wopereka: Fufuzani mabokosi oyenera)

1. Chifukwa chiyani mumalandira katemera?

Katemera amatha kuteteza matenda. Matenda ambiri opewera katemera ndiocheperako kuposa kale, koma ena mwa matendawa adakalipobe ku United States. Ana ochepa akamalandira katemera, ana ambiri amadwala.

Diphtheria, tetanus, ndi pertussis

Diphtheria (D) imatha kubweretsa kupuma kovuta, kulephera kwa mtima, kufooka, kapena kufa.

Tetanus (T) imayambitsa kuuma kowawa kwa minofu. Tetanus imatha kubweretsa mavuto azaumoyo, kuphatikiza kulephera kutsegula pakamwa, kukhala ndi vuto kumeza ndikupuma, kapena kufa.

Pertussis (aP), yemwenso amadziwika kuti "chifuwa chachikulu," imatha kuyambitsa kutsokomola kosalamulirika, kwamphamvu komwe kumapangitsa kupuma, kudya, kapena kumwa. Pertussis amatha kukhala ovuta kwambiri kwa makanda ndi ana aang'ono, kuyambitsa chibayo, kugwedezeka, kuwonongeka kwa ubongo, kapena kufa. Kwa achinyamata ndi achikulire, zimatha kuyambitsa kuwonda, kuchepa kwa chikhodzodzo, kutuluka, ndi kuphwanya nthiti chifukwa chotsokomola kwambiri.

Hib (Haemophilus influenzae mtundu b) matenda

Haemophilus influenzae mtundu b umatha kuyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhudza ana osakwana zaka 5. Mabakiteriya a Hib amatha kuyambitsa matenda ochepa, monga matenda am'makutu kapena bronchitis, kapena atha kuyambitsa matenda akulu, monga matenda am'magazi. Matenda akulu a Hib amafunika chithandizo kuchipatala ndipo nthawi zina amatha kupha.

Chiwindi B

Hepatitis B ndi matenda a chiwindi. Matenda opatsirana a hepatitis B ndi matenda osakhalitsa omwe angayambitse kutentha thupi, kutopa, kusowa njala, nseru, kusanza, jaundice (khungu lachikaso kapena maso, mkodzo wakuda, matumbo ofiira dongo), ndi kupweteka kwa minofu, mafupa , ndi m'mimba. Matenda a hepatitis B osachiritsika ndi matenda okhalitsa omwe ndi oopsa kwambiri ndipo amatha kuwononga chiwindi (cirrhosis), khansa ya chiwindi, ndi kufa.

Poliyo

Poliyo amayamba chifukwa cha polio. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a polio alibe zisonyezo, koma anthu ena amadwala zilonda zapakhosi, malungo, kutopa, nseru, kupweteka mutu, kapena kupweteka m'mimba. Gulu laling'ono la anthu limakhala ndi zizindikilo zowopsa zomwe zimakhudza ubongo ndi msana. Pazovuta kwambiri, poliyo imatha kuyambitsa kufooka ndi ziwalo (pomwe munthu sangathe kusuntha ziwalo za thupi) zomwe zimatha kubweretsa kulemala kwamuyaya ndipo, nthawi zina, kumwalira.

Matenda a pneumococcal

Matenda a pneumococcal ndi matenda aliwonse omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mabakiteriya a pneumococcal. Mabakiteriyawa amatha kuyambitsa chibayo (matenda am'mapapo), matenda am'makutu, matenda a sinus, meningitis (matenda amtundu wophimba ubongo ndi msana), ndi bacteremia (matenda am'magazi). Matenda ambiri a pneumococcal ndi ofatsa, koma ena amatha kubweretsa mavuto kwakanthawi, monga kuwonongeka kwa ubongo kapena kumva. Meningitis, bacteremia, ndi chibayo zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi matenda a pneumococcal zitha kupha.

2. DTaP, Hib, hepatitis B, polio, ndi pneumococcal katemera wa conjugate

Makanda ndi ana Nthawi zambiri amafunikira:

• Mlingo 5 wa diphtheria, tetanus, ndi katemera wa acellular pertussis (DTaP)
• Mankhwala atatu kapena anayi a katemera wa Hib
• Mankhwala atatu a katemera wa hepatitis B.
• Mankhwala 4 a katemera wa poliyo
• Katemera wa 4 wa pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13)

Ana ena angafunike katemera wocheperako kapena wochulukirapo kuposa momwe amadzitetezera kuti atetezedwe kwathunthu chifukwa cha msinkhu wawo pa katemera kapena zina.

Ana okalamba, achinyamata, komanso achikulire Ndi matenda ena kapena zoopsa zina zingalimbikitsidwenso kulandira katemera 1 kapena kupitirirapo.

Katemerayu atha kuperekedwa ngati katemera wodziyimira payokha, kapena ngati gawo limodzi la katemera wosakanikirana (mtundu wa katemera wophatikiza katemera wopitilira m'modzi kuwombera kamodzi).

3. Lankhulani ndi omwe amakuthandizani

Uzani omwe amakupatsani katemera ngati mwana akulandira katemera:

Katemera wonse:

• Ali ndi thupi lawo siligwirizana pambuyo katemera wakale, kapena ali nayo iliyonse chifuwa chachikulu, chowopseza moyo.

Kwa DTaP:

• Ali ndi thupi lawo siligwirizana ndi mankhwala ena aliwonse omwe amateteza ku kafumbata, diphtheria, kapena pertussis.
• Wakhala ndi chikomokere, kuchepa kwa chikumbumtima, kapena kugwidwa kwakanthawi kwa masiku asanu ndi awiri mutadwala kale katemera wa pertussis (DTP kapena DTaP).
• Ali ndi khunyu kapena vuto lina lamanjenje.
• Anayamba wakhalapo Matenda a Guillain-Barré (amatchedwanso GBS).
• Wakhala nazo kupweteka kwambiri kapena kutupa pambuyo pa mlingo uliwonse wa katemera uliwonse womwe umateteza ku kafumbata kapena diphtheria.

Za PCV13:

• Wakhala ndi fayilo yaMatenda osokoneza bongo pambuyo pa mlingo wa PCV13, ku katemera wa pneumococcal conjugate wotchedwa PCV7, kapena katemera uliwonse wokhala ndi diphtheria toxoid (mwachitsanzo, DTaP).

Nthawi zina, wothandizira zaumoyo wa mwana wanu angaganize zobwezeretsa katemera kubwera mtsogolo.

Ana omwe ali ndi matenda ang'onoang'ono, monga chimfine, amatha kulandira katemera. Ana omwe akudwala pang'ono kapena pang'ono amafunika kudikirira mpaka atachira asanalandire katemera.

Wothandizira zaumoyo wa mwana wanu akhoza kukupatsani zambiri.

4. Kuopsa kwa katemera

Katemera wa DTaP:

• Zilonda kapena kutupa komwe mfuti idaperekedwa, malungo, kukhumudwa, kutopa, kusowa chilakolako, komanso kusanza nthawi zina zimachitika katemera wa DTaP.
• Zomwe zimachitika kwambiri, monga kugwidwa, kulira osasiya kwa maola atatu kapena kupitilira apo, kapena kutentha thupi kwambiri (kupitirira 105 ° F kapena 40.5 ° C) katemera wa DTaP umachitika pafupipafupi. Nthawi zambiri, katemerayu amatsatiridwa ndikutupa kwa mkono wonse kapena mwendo, makamaka kwa ana okulirapo akalandira gawo lawo lachinayi kapena lachisanu.
• Kawirikawiri, kugwidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, kukomoka, kutsika, kapena kuwonongeka kwaubongo kumatha kuchitika katemera wa DTaP.

Katemera wa Hib:

• Kufiira, kutentha, ndi kutupa komwe kuwomberako kunaperekedwa, ndipo malungo amatha kuchitika katemera wa Hib atatha.

Katemera wa hepatitis B:

• Zilonda kumene kuwombera kumaperekedwa kapena kutentha thupi kumatha kuchitika katemera wa hepatitis B.

Katemera wa poliyo:

• Malo owawa ofiira, kutupa, kapena kupweteka komwe kuwomberako kumatha kuchitika pambuyo pa katemera wa poliyo.

Za PCV13:

• Kufiira, kutupa, kupweteka, kapena kukoma mtima komwe kuwombera kumawombedwa, ndipo malungo, kusowa kwa njala, kukhumudwa, kumva kutopa, kupweteka mutu, komanso kuzizira kumatha kuchitika PCV13.
• Ana aang'ono atha kukhala pachiwopsezo chambiri chogwidwa ndi malungo pambuyo pa PCV13 ngati ataperekedwa nthawi yomweyo ndi katemera wa fuluwenza wosagwira. Funsani wothandizira zaumoyo wanu kuti mumve zambiri.

Monga mankhwala aliwonse, pali mwayi wotalika kwambiri wa katemera woyambitsa matenda ena, kuvulala kwambiri, kapena kufa.

5. Nanga bwanji ngati pali vuto lalikulu?

Zomwe zimachitika pambuyo pake zimatha kupezeka kuti munthu amene watemeredwa katemera achoka kuchipatala. Mukawona zizindikiro zakusokonekera (ming'oma, kutupa kwa nkhope ndi mmero, kupuma movutikira, kugunda kwamtima, chizungulire, kapena kufooka), itanani 9-1-1 ndikumutengera munthu kuchipatala chapafupi.

Kwa zizindikilo zina zomwe zimakukhudzani, pitani kuchipatala.

Zotsatira zoyipa ziyenera kufotokozedwera ku Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu nthawi zambiri amapeleka lipotili, kapena mutha kuzichita nokha. Pitani patsamba la VAERS ku vaers.hhs.gov kapena imbani foni 1-800-822-7967. VAERS ndi yongonena za mayankho, ndipo ogwira ntchito ku VAERS samapereka upangiri wazachipatala.

6. Dongosolo La National Vaccination Injury Program

Dipatimenti ya National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) ndi pulogalamu yaboma yomwe idapangidwa kuti ipereke ndalama kwa anthu omwe mwina adavulala ndi katemera wina. Pitani patsamba la VICP ku www.hrsa.gov/vaccine-compensation/index.html kapena kuyimbira foni 1-800-338-2382 kuti mudziwe za pulogalamuyi komanso za kufotokozera zomwe mukufuna. Pali malire a nthawi yoperekera ndalama zakulipidwa.

7. Kodi Ndingatani Kuti Ndiphunzire Zambiri?

• Funsani wothandizira zaumoyo wanu.
• Lumikizanani ndi dipatimenti yazachipatala kwanuko.

Lumikizanani ndi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):

• Imbani Gawo 1-800-232-4636 (1-800-CDC-INFO)
• Pitani pa tsamba la CDC ku www.cdc.gov/vaccines/index.html

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti.Mawu a katemera (VISs): Katemera woyamba wa mwana wanu. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statement/multi.html. Idasinthidwa pa Epulo 1, 2020. Idapezeka pa Epulo 2, 2020.